LAWRENCE  J.  GUTTER 

Collection  of  Chicogoono 

THE   UNIVERSITY   OF   ILLINOIS 
AT  CHICAGO 

The  University  Library 


THE 


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ml  Ifet  totetratttl 


FOR 


TOURIST, 


AND  PLEASURE  TRAVEL. 


THE  POPULAR  RESORTS  OF 


California,  Nevada,   Idaho,    Montana,   Utah,    Wyoming,    Colo- 
rado, Nebraska,  Dakota,   Iowa,  Illinois,  Wisconsin, 
Northern  Michigan   and  Minnesota. 


A    oriPE    TO    THE    LAKES    AND    KIVEUS,    TO    THE    PLAINS    AND    MOUNTAINS,    TO    THE 

RESORTS    OK    IJIRDS,    GAME    ANIMALS    AND    FISHES;     AND    HINTS    FOR    THE 

COMMERCIAL   TRAVELER,   THE   THEATRE   MANAGER,   THE 

LAND   HUNTER   AND  THE    EMIGRANT. 


COMPILED  BY  W.  H.  STENNETT, 

General  Passenger  Agent  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co. 


CHICAGO,    ILL. 


Ent«Kd  sccordlnz  to  Act  of  Conjre",  In  the  year  1S19, 

Bv  W.  H.  STEN'NKTT, 
ID  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congrefe,  at  Wa>hlnRtor,  I  >   C. 


CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


GENERAL    OFFICERS,  ETC. 


ALBERT  KEEP.  President,  Chicago. 

M   L.  SYKES,  JR.,  Vice-Pres.,  Sec.  a»d  Treat.,  52  Wall  St,  N.  Y. 

MARVIN   HUGHITT,  General  Manager,  Chicago. 

C   C.  WHEELER,  Assistant  General  Superintendent,  Chicago. 

H.  C.  WICKER,  General  Freight  Agent,  Chicago. 

C.  G.  EDDY,  Assistant  General  Freight  Agent,  Chicago. 

W.  S.  MELLEN,  Assistant  General  Freight  Agent,  Chicago. 

W   H.  STENNETT,  General  Passeog.r  Apent,  Chicago. 

W.  A.  THRALL,  Gen»ral  Ticket  Aaent,  Chicago. 


B.  C.  COOK,  General  Solicitor,  Chicago. 

M.  M.  KIRK-MAN,  Local  Treas.  and  General  Accountant,  Chicago. 

J.  B.  REDFIELD,  Assistant  Secretary  and  Auditor.  Chicago 

R.  W.  HAMER.  Purchasing  Agent,  Chicago. 

N.  A.  PHILLIP*,  General  Baggage  Agent,  Chicago. 

W.  F.  FITCH,  General  Claim  Agent.  Chicago. 

G.  H.  TH  A  YER,  Superintendent  of  Telegraph,  Chicago. 

G.  P.  GOODWIN,  Land  Commissioner,  Chicago. 

F.  M.  LUCE,  Car  Accountant,  Chicago. 


E.  H.  JOHNSON,  Chief  Engineer,  Chicago. 

DIVISION   SUPERINTENDENTS. 

CHARLES  MURRAY,  SuperinUndent  Galena  Division  and  Freeport  and  Fox  River  Lines,  Chicago. 

J.  S.  OLIVER,  Superintendent  lown  Division  and  Iowa  Midland  Railway,  Clinton,  Iowa. 

EDW  \RD  J.  CU  YLER,  Superintendent  Wisconsin  and  Milwaukee  and  Kenosha  and  Rockford  Divisions,  Chicago. 

C.  A.  SWINEFORD,  Superintendent  Madison  Division,  Baraboo,  WIs. 

S  SANBORN.  Superintendent  Winona  &  St.  Peter  R.  R.,  Wlnona,  Minn. 

W.  B.  LINSLEY,  Superintendent  Peninsular  Division,  Escanaba,  Mich. 

GENERAL    AGENTS,    ETC. 


L.  F.  BOOTH.  Gen'l  Eastern  Agent,  415  Broadway,  New  York. 
H.  P.  STANWOOD,  Gen'l  Agent,  8  New  Montgomery  Street,  San 

JOHN  S.  GEORGE.  Commercial  Agent,  Milwaukee,  WIs. 


CHARLES  ATKINS,  General  Agent,  Council  Bluft  and  Omaha. 
C.   H.   WISE,  Passenger    and    Freight    Agent,   5    State    Street, 

Boston,  Mass. 
C.  H.  KNAPP,  General  Agent,  Winona,  Minn. 


TRAVELING    AGENTS,  ETC. 

V.  M.  CAME.  Chicago.  111.  j          H.  A.  POWER.  Springfield,  Mass.  I  I.  H.  MOUNTAIN,  Chicago. 

E.  B.  SPAIN,  Bulfalo,  N.  Y.  G.  L.  HARRISON,  Chicago. 

IMPORTANT   TO   WEST    BOUND    EMIGRANTS. 

IMMIGRANT  TRAINS  WEST  OF  OMAHA.— The  trains  carrying  Emigrants  on  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific 
£*  roads,  west  of  Omaha,  are  made  up  of  comfortable  coaches.  The  passengers  are  not  crowded  in  the  cars, 
but  plenty  of  rooir  ts  given.  Sleeping  cars  do  not  accompany  these  trains,  and  the  only  sleeping  facilities 
offered  are  those  tnac  may  be  found  in  any  passenger  coach.  The  time  of  these  trains  is  about  twelve  miles 
per  hour,  which,  making  the  time  Irom  Omaha  to  San  Francisco  by  Emigrant  Trains  in  eight  to  nine  days, 
gives  passengers  by  them  ample  time  to  see  the  country  as  they  move  through  it.  Emigrants  can  get  meals 
at  the  regular  "  Eating  Stations  "  along  the  line,  or  they  can  carry  cooked  provisions  with  them,  and  buy 
coffee  or  tea  at  the  eating  houses,  and  eat  on  the  train. 

EMIGRANT  TICKETS  are  limited  as  to  time,  being  good  between  Chicago  and  Omaha  for  eight  (8)  days 
from  and  Including  day  of  sale.  At  Omaha  you  exchange  this  ticket  for  one  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
issue .  good  for  nine  days  from  and  including  day  of  exchange.  No  "stop-over  checks  are  issued  on  second 
class  or  emigrant  tickets. 

No  cars  are  chartered  by  this  Company  OR  BY  ANT  other  line  for  carrying  passengers  to  points  west  of 
Omaha,  as  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific'Railroads  exact  their  full  schedule  rates  from  all  roads  ticketing 
over  their  lines,  without  any  reference  to  the  number  in  one  party  ticketed. 

Emigrants'  movables  can  go  on  the  same  train  taken  by  emigrants  from  Omaha,  as  through  freight  cars 
are  attached  to  emigrant  trains. 

Emigrants  are  not  allowed  to  travel  In  the  same  freight  cars  with  their  effects.  Where  parties  of  twenty- 
five  or  upwards  are  traveling  together,  a  special  passenger  car  can  be  secured  so  aa  to  keep  the  party  together, 
without  extra  cost,  but  no  reduction  from  the  rate  can  be  made,  no  matter  how  large  the  party  may  be 

TO  AND  FROM  DENVER.  The  completion.  (December,  1877).  of  the  Colorado  Central  Branch  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  from  Cheyenne  to  Denver,  offers  to  the  traveling  public  a  Short  Line  to  all  points  in 
Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  and  permits  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  to  again  ask  the  patronage  of 
those  traveling  between  Chicago  and  Denver.  Passengers  desiring  to  reach  anypoint  in  Colorado  or  >ew 
Mexico  will  find  it  to  their  interest  to  purchase  tickets  over  the  Chicago*  North- \\eftern  Railway,  which  at 
all  times  studies  the  safety  and  comfort  of  its  patrons  by  adopting,  far  in  advance  of  all  other  lines,  every 
Improvement  known  to  modern  railroading.  This  is  the  best  route  to  take  for  Fort  Collins.  Longmont, 
Boulder  Golden.  Georgetown.  Idaho  Springs,  Central  Citv.  Black  Hawk,  Denver.  Colorado  Spring*.  Canon 
City,  Pueblo.  Trinidad,  El  Moro,  Garland  City,  Lake  City.  The  San  Juan  Country.  El  Paso,  or  Santa  Fe. 

By  this  route  you  can  have  the  celebrated  Pullman  Hotel  Cars  to  Council  Bluffs,  and  from  Council  Bluffs  to 
Denver  you  can  take  Through  Pullman  Sleeners.  No  other  route  can  truthfully  offer  you  these  advantages,  as 
these  cars  are  run  alone  by  tne  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  daily  between  Ctuc&go  and  Council  Bluffs, 
in  connection  with  a  daily  line  of  Through  Pullman  Sleepers  between  Council  Bluffs  and  Denver.  Connections 
are  made  at  Denver  with  trains  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway  for  Colorado  Springs,  Pueblo,  etc. 

On  this  Line  we  give  second  class  accommodation  to  emigrants  destined  to  Colorado  and  New  Mexico,  and 
holders  of  this  class  of  tickets  are  carried  on  express  trains  the  entire  distance  from  Chicago  to  Denver,  and 
make  the  same  time  as  first  class  passengers.  Fare  by  this  route  always  as  low  as  by  any  other.  Passengers 
who  desire  the  Lowest  Rates  and  Best  Accommodations  must  buy  their  Denver  Tickets  via  th  .  Chicago  & 
North-Western  Railway. 

For  Tickets,  or  further  information,  apply  to  any  Coupon  Ticket  Agent  in  the  country. 
In  all  cases  possible,  buy  your  Through  Tickets  from  the  local  Ticket  Agent  nearest  yo'T  home.    You  will 
in  almost  all  cases  save  money  by  so  doing,  and  can  then  be  certain  of  getting  the  tickets  you  desire.    In  all 
cases  see  that  your  Tickets  between  Chicago  and  Omaha  read  via  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway. 
NEW  YORK  OFFICE:   No.  415 Broadway.  BOSTON  OFFICE  :    No. 5 State  Street. 

MILWAUKEE  CITY  TICKET  OFFICE  :   102  Wisconsin  Street. 
ST.  PAUL  TICKET  OFFICE :  Corner  Third  and  Jackson  Streets. 

CHICAGO  TICKET  OFFICES:  62  Clark  Street,  under  Sherman  House;  75  CanaLcorner  Madison  Street ; 
Kinzie  Street  Depot,  corner  West  Kinzie  and  Canal  Sts. ;   WeUs  Street  Depot,  corner  Wells  and  Kinzie  Sts. 
OMAHA  TICKET  OFFICES :  245  Farnham  Street,  corner  Fourteentn,  and  at  Union  Pacific  Depot. 
COUNCIL  BLUFFS  TICKET  OFFICES :   Corner  Broadway  and  Peari  Sts..  and  at  C.  &  N.-W.  R'y  Depot 
SAN  FRANCISCO  OFFICE:   2  Mew  Montgomery  Street. 


THE    PUZZLED    TRAVELER. 


"  I  should  like  to  know  where  this  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  does  not  solicit  business  for," 
said  Judge  Mason  a  few  days  ago  to  a  certain  ticket  agent  at  Boston,  "  for,"  said  he,  "  last  fall  my  friend 
John  Wilson  came  here  to  buy  a  ticket  to  San  Francisco,  en  route  for  Japan,  and  he  was  told  that  the 
•Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  was  the  Chicago  link  in  the  TRANS-CONTINENTAL  LINE  ;  that  it  was 
the  first  road  built  to  the  Missouri  River  to  connect  with  the  great  Pacific  roads,  and  to  complete  the 
OVERLAND  ROUTE  ;  that  it  is  the  only  line  running  Pullman  Drawing-Room  Palace  Cars  between  Chicago 
and  Omaha,  ('and  that  is  true  to-day'  "chipped  in"  the  ticket  agent),  and  that  if  he  wanted  to  travel  on 
the  best  and  safest  road  In  the  country,  he  must  get  his  ticket  by  this  route.  He  accepted  the  story  as 
true,  bought  his  tickets,  and  wrote  me  from  'Friscoe  that  he  would  advise  all  of  his  friends  to  try  this 
route  if  they  were  going  to  the  "  Golden  State."  Later  in  the  season  Doctor  Dillon  was  called  by  telegraph 
to  St  Paul  to  see  "  Bill "  King,  an  old  chum  of  the  Doctor's.  The  Doctor  went  to  New  York,  and  drop- 
ping into  a  railway  ticket  office  on  Broadway,  asked  for  a  ticket  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.  What  do  you'  think  he  was 
told?  Cannot  guess?  Well,  that  if  he  wanted  to  ride  in  Pullman  Sleepers  all  the  way  to  St.  Paul,  that 
he  must  go  over  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Company's  Chicago,  Madison  &  St.  Paul  Line,  as 
it  was  the  only  line  that  run  these  celebrated  cars  between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  or  in  any  part  of  Wiscon- 
sin or  Minnesota.  Of  course  be  bought  his  tickets  by  that  route,  returned  by  the  same  route,  and  has 
ever  since  been  talking  about  the  splendid  time  he  had,  what  an  excellent  route  it  is,  and  how  well  he 
was  taken  care  of  and  used  by  every  one  he  met  connected  with  the  line.  He  lauds  the  scenery  along  the 
route,  and  names  that  in  the  vicinity  of  Madison  and  the  "  Devil's  Lake,"  as  being  something  really  won- 
derful. In  July  last,  when  my  wife  and  daughter  were  planning  their  summer  trip,  they  wished  for  infor- 
mation about  Marquette,  Lake  Superior,  and  the  routes  thereto.  Coming  here  you  told  them  there  was 
only  one  railroad  running  to  that  country,  and  that  it  was  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Line,  and  that 
it  run  through  Milwaukee,  Fond  du  Lac,  Green  Bay,  etc.  Now  to-day  I  come  here  and  want  to  get  to  New 
Ulm,  in  Central  Minnesota,  where  I  have  lands  that  need  looking  after,  and  you  tell  me  the  only  way 
I  can  get  there  from  Chicago  is  over  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway.  This  beats  anything  I  h«.ve 
ever  heard.  Here  is  Omaha  and  San  Francisco  directly  west  of  Chicago,  Marquette  400  miles  north  of 
Chicago,  St  Paul  400  miles  northwest  of  Chicago,  and  New  Ulm  lying  about  half  way  between  St.  Paul 
and  Omaha,  and  fully  450  miles  from  Chicago,  and  you  say  go  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway 
if  you  would  reach  any  or  all  of  them.  I  would  like  to  know  how  all  this  can  be  true  !  "  "  My  dear  sir," 
«aid  the  genial  ticket  agent,  "your  story  is  all  true.  The  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  is  a  great 
institution,  and  has  lines  radiating  from  Chicago  like  the  fingers  on  the  human  hand,  and  reaching  all 
important  points  in  the  West,  North  and  Northwest"  Taking  down  his  map  he  showed  the  "puzzled 
traveler"  something  of  the  various  lines  we  propose  to  describe. 

Dialogues  similar  to  the  above  may  be  heard  daily  in  some  ticket  office  in  or  out  of  Boston.  It 
is  then  to  make  clear  to  other  puzzled  travelers  a  few  facts  about  this  great  road,  and  to  show  you  where 
it  is,  what  it  is,  and  what  it  can  do  for  you,  that  this  little  book  is  written.  We  describe  routes  of  travel 
that  arc  owned  and  operated  by  the  Chicago  &  North  Western  Railway  Company,  and  those  closely  iden- 
tified with  its  interests  and  that  form  its  immediate  connections.  All  points  named  in  the  book  can  be 
reached  directly  by  this  line,  and  to  the  larger  proportion  it  is  1  he  only  route  by  which  they  can  be  reached. 

The  index  published  herewith  will  be  found  to  be  full,  and  can  be  consulted  with  profit  not  only  by 
travelers  but  by  railway  ticket  sellers  everywhere.  The  pages  it  refers  you  to  will  give  you  such  informa- 
tion and  advice  as  may  be  of  great  value  to  you  in  determining  the  route  you  should  take  '  •  -each  the 
desired  destination. 

General  Passenger  Department  THE   COMPILER 

CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RMI.W&Y 
Chicago,*  111. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Across  the  Mississippi 15 

American  Fork  R.R 34 

Australia 85 

British  Columbia 89 

Burlington ,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Ry 19 

Burlington  &  Missouri,  of  Nebraska 82 

Central  Railroad  of  Iowa 20 

Chippewa  Falls  <fc  Western  Ry 87 

Cheap  Lands  for  the  Farmer 68 

Chicago,  Dubuque&  LaCrosse 15 

Chicago.  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Ry 15 

Chicago,  Madison  &  St.  Paul  Line , 76 

Chicago,  Green  Bay  &  Lake  Superior  Line..  48 

Colorado 82 

Commutation  l!ates.  Galena  Division 9 

Commutation  Rates,  Milwaukee  Division 103 

Commutation  Rates,  Wisconsin  Division 50 

Concluding  Remarks 119 

Consolidation 6 

Cortland  &  Sycamore  11.  R 11 

DHkota  Southern  It.  R 24 

Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Ry 16 

Des  Moines  &  Ft.  Dodge  R.  R. .  21 

Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  R.  R ;.  21 

Elroy  Route 76 

Fii.e  Lands  at  Low  Rates 98 

Freeport  &  Dubuque  Line 42 

From  Marquette  to  Duluth 74 

From  Kenosha  to  Rockford 115 

Galena  Division  Chicago  &  North- Westera  Ry....     9 

Game  Laws 116 

Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  R.R 66 

Historical. 1 

Idaho 84 

Iron  Mines  and  Furnaces 23 

Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  R.  R 82 

Keno8ha&  Rockford  R.  R 115 

La  Crosse,  Trempealeau  &  Prescott  R.R 97 

Lake  Geneva  Line 45 

Lake  Superior  &  Mississippi  R.R 91 

LakeTahoe 88 

Manitoba 98 

McAllister  Mineral  Springs 107 

Mileage 1 

Milwaukee 108 

Milwaukee  Division 103 

Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  R.  R 118 

Minnesota. 89 


Montana 34 

New  Zealand 86 

Northwestern  Union  Ry , 112 

North  Wisconsin  Ry 8S 

Omaha  &  California  Line 7 

Omaha  &  Northwestern  R.  R. 32 

Oregon 89 

Red  River  Valley  of  the  North 92 

Rich  Lands  at  Low  Rates 88 

Eockf ord,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  R.  B . .    14 

Routes  1 

Route  to  Black  Hills 25 

Routa  to  China  and  Japan 85 

RoutetoGreen  Lake 60 

Route  to  St.  Pau  1  and  Minneapolis 78 

Route  to  the  Pacific  Coast 85 

Sagaunash  Mineral  Springs 107 

Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac.R.  R 88,115 

Silver  and  Copper  Mines 73,74 

Sioux  City  &  Pacific  R.  R. 23 

Southern  Minnesota  R.  R. 16 

Bparta  and  vicinity 96 

Stanwood  &  Tipton  R.R 17 

St.  Paul<fe  Pacific  Ry 93 

Suburban  Trains  Milwaukee  Division 103 

Synopsis  of  Game  Laws 116 

The  Geysers' of  California 8! 

The  Geysers  of  Montana 85 

The  Northern  Pacific  Ry 91 

The  Westward  Line , 3 

The  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Ry 98 

Toledo*  Northwestern  R.  R. ..- 20 

To  Sparta,  Winona,  and  beyond 98 

To  the  North  and  Northwest 48 

Up  the  Lake  Shore lift 

Utah  Central  Ry 33 

Utah  Northern  Ry 83 

Virginia  &  Truckee  R.  R 35 

Washington  Territory 39 

Waukegan  Magnesian  Mineral  Springs 106- 

Westen  Union  R.  R 14 

Westward  Again 85 

West  Wisconsin  R,  R 86 

Wisconsin 53 

Wisconsin  Central  R.  R 63 

Wisconsin  Valley  R.  R 86 

Yosemite 36 

Yosernite,  Routes  to  the 109 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


NO.  PAGE 

1  Agnes  Park........ 29 

2  Amphitheatre,  Echo  Canon 40 

8    Arlington  Heights 43 

4  Ayer's  Hotel 45 

5  Beaumon*  House 62 

6  Castle  Rock 83 

7  City  Aqueduct 85 

8  Cliff  House  and  Seal  Rocks 108 

9  Clinton,  Iowa.. 15 

10  Cook'sHotel 49 

11  Council  Bl  ufts  and  Omaha  Bridge 81 

12  Custer's  Park 80 

13  Devil's  Gate,  Weber  Canon , 88 

14  Dixoa.Ill , 18 

15  Dubuoue's  Grave 115 

16  Eagle  Point 117 

17  Elkhart  Lake 105 

18  Falls  of  Minnehaha 72 

19  Falls  of  St.  Anthony .' 73 

20  Ferry  Hall 95 

21  First  National  Hotel  49 

22  GHcheGumme S9 

23  Glen  Flora  Hotel 100 

24  Grand  Central  Hotel 32 

25  Great  Salt  Lake 112 

26  Hanging  Rock 113 

27  Head  of  the  Boyer 22 

28  HighlandHall 97 

29  Ingratiam 'a  Gold  Fish  Pond 98 

30  In  the  Yosemite 110,111 

31  Iron  Mines  and  Ore  Train 53 

At    Ishpeming— its  hotel 54 

33  LakeDells 104 

34  Lake  Forest  Academy 94 

85  Lake  Forest  Seminary 93 

86  Lake  Minnetonka 77 

37    Lake  Minnetonka  (2d) 78 

88  Lake  Side  Hotel 63 

89  Magone  Fr.lls 48 

40  Maiika-o 90 

41  Marouette 61 


NO.  PAGE 

42  McAllister  Springs 101 

43  Milwaukee  in  1835 102 

44  Mineral  Dock 51 

45  Minneopa  Falls 88 

46  Minneopa  Falls  in  Winter 89 

47  Mineral  Springs,  Sparta 80 

43  NearEvanston 92 

49  Northwestern  Hotel 58 

50  Oak  Grove  House 76 

51  Oakwood  House 46 

52  On  the  Baraboo 67 

53  On  the  St.  Croix 70 

54  PerchLake 82 

55  Public  School 44 

66  Pulpit  Rock 69 

57  Pyramid  Rock 64 

58  Rock  Pvlver  University 14 

59  Routes  to  the  Yosemite 109 

60  Sherwood  Forest 47 

61  Sioux  Falls 23 

62  SkilletCreek 66 

63  Stephenson  County  Court  House 41 

64  Table  Rock 26 

65  TealLake 52 

66  The  Buttes,  Winona 85 

67  The  Chapel,  Mt.  Vernon 18 

63  The  Cliff'  House 65 

69  The  Dalles  of  St.  Croix 71 

70  The  Dalle 3  j-  vLo  St.  Louis -...,...  79 

71  The  Mil;S,  Minneapolis 74 

72  The  Point 57 

^3  The  State  Capitol,  Sacramento 106 

74  The  Tabernacle,  Salt  Laite  City 36 

75  Trout  Falls 81 

78  Turkey  River  Bluff. 118 

77  WalkerHouse 84 

78  Warner  House 84 

79  White  Bear  Lake 75 

80  Whiting  House 42 

81  Winona 87 

82  Willow  River  Falls 68- 


INDEX. 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Ableman's,  Wis 85 

Acklcy,  la. 20 

Addisbu.  Ill 10 

Afton,  Wis-. 78 

Albany,  111 14 

Albany.  Oregon 40 

Albany.  Wis 79 

Albert  Lea,  Minn  16,  100 

Albia,  Iowa 20 

Alden,  'II ll'i 

Alden,  Minn 16 

Alexandria,  Minn 93 

Algonquin,  111  : 45 

Allen's  Grove,  Wis. 64 

Alr-.a,Minn 101 

Ali.iont,  la 41 

Amboy,  111 13 

Ames,  la 21 

AinhLTst,  Wis 63,  07 

AnaiiM-a.  la 41 

Ankeuy,  Iowa 21 

Anoka,  Minn 95 

Antioch,  111 105 

Apple  Kivi-r,  111 44 

Appleton,  Wis G3 

Arcadia,  la 22 

Arcadia,  Wis 67 

Argenta,  Mont 34 

Argontt,  la 24 

Amyk-,111  116 

Arlington  Heights,  111 60 

Ashland,  Neb 82 

Ashton,  111 ..  12 

Astoria,  Oregon 40 

Auburn,  CaT. 85 

Auckland,N.  Z 35 

Audubon,  Minn 93 

Andubou  Lake,  Minn 93 

Augusta,  Wis 86 

Austin,Ill 10 

Austin,  Minn 19 

Aztalan,  Wis 66 

Bogley.  Mich. 69 

Baker  City,  Idaho 34 

Baldwin,  la 41 

Baldwin,  Wis 88 

Bangor,  Wi-»... 97 

Baraboo,  Wis fc5 

Barrington,  111 51 

Barton,  Wis 112 

Bassetts,  Wis  lib 

Batavia,  111 11 

Battle  Creek,  Neb 30 

Battle  Mountain,  Nev 35 

Bayfleld,  Minn 73 

Bay  View,  Wis 108 

Bear  Valley,  Minn 99 

Beatrice.  Neb 32 

Beaver,  la 21 

Beaver,  Minn I<tt 

Beaver  Dam,  Wis 56 

Becker,  Minn 95 

Belle  Plaine,  111 103 

Belle  Plaine,  la 19 

Bellevue,  la 16 

Belgium,  Wis 113 

Beloit,  Wif 78 

Belvidere,  111 43 

Benton,  111  107 

Berlin,  Wis 50 

Bertram,  la 18 

Birch  Creek,  Mich 69 

BigLake,  Minn 95 

Big  Suamico.  Wis 67 

Bismark,  Dak 93 

Blackberry,  111 11 

Black  Hawk,  Col 33 

Black  Kiver  Falls,  Wis 86 

Blair,  Neb 24,29 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Blairstown,  la — 19 

Blencoe,  la 34 

Bloomington,  111 13 

Blue  Cut,  Iowa 41 

Bluff  Side,  Wis 98 

Boise  City,  Idaho 84 

Bonne,  la 21 

Boonesboro,  la 21 

Bowmanville,  111 103 

liozemau,  Mont. . .   84 

Brainerd,  Minn 92 

Brandon,  Wis 66 

Breckenridge,  Minn 94 

Bristol,  Wis 116 

Brodhead,  Wis 78 

Brookfleld,  Wis 65 

Brooklyn/Wl* 79 

Brookside,  Wis 67 

Brownsville,  Minn 16 

Bryan,  Wy.  Ter  83 

Bryant,  la 41 

Buena  Vista,  la 16 

Burlington,  Wis 55 

B  u  rnett  Junction,  Wia 56 

Burns,  Minn 102 

Byron,  Minn 99 

Byron,  Wis 66 

Calamine,  Wis  . .  .  13 

Calamus,  la 16 

Caledonia,  HI 116 

Caledonia,  Minn 93 

Ctxluoun,  iTcb 29 

Calienta.Cal 35 

California  Junction,  la. 24 

Calisf,oga,Cal :....  85 

Calvary,  111 103 

Camanche,  la 16 

Camp  Douglas,  Wis 86 

Cantield,lil : 60 

Canon  City,  CU 83 

Canton,  la 41 

Capron,  111 116 

Carroll,  la 22 

Cairoll,  Mont 93 

Carson,  Nev 85 

Carpenterville,  111 45 

Cary,Ill E2 

Cascade,  W.  T 40 

Castana,  la. 23,24 

Cataract,  Wis 97 

Cavoits,  Wis 68 

Cazenovia,  Wis 85 

Cedar  Falls,  la 19 

Cedar  Lake,  Minn '. . .  90 

Cedar  Rapids,  la 18 

Center  Junction,  la 41 

Centralia,  Wis 86 

Central  City,  Col 83 

Centreville.  Utah. 84 

Ceresco,  Wis 68 

Charlotte,Ia .  41 

Chatfleld,  Minn 99 

Chelsea,  la.  1S> 

Chcmnng,  111 116 

Cherry  Valley,  111 43 

Chester,  Minn 99 

Chester,  Wis 56 

Cheyenne,  W  jo 82,  33 

Cnippewa  Falls,  Wis. t7 

Claremont.  Minn. 99 

Clarence,  la 17 

Clarksville,  la 19 

Clayton,  la 16 

Clear  Creek,  Wie 112 

Clear  Lake,  Minn 95 

Clear  Wiuer.  Minn 95 

Clermont,  la 19 

Cleveland,  Minn 101 

Clinton,  la 15 

(5) 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Clinton  Junction,  Wis 55 

Clintonville,  111 42 

Cloverdale,  Cal 35 

Clyman,  Wis  66 

Coleta,Ill 14 

Colfax,  Cal 35 

Colo,Ia 20 

Colorado  Springs,  Col 38 

Columbus,  Neb 32 

Columbus,  Wis 66 

Como,   111 14 

Concord,  Minn. .  99 

Cordova,lll 14 

Corinne,Utah 34 

Cortlaud,  111 11 

Coteau,  Minn 102 

Cottage  Hill,  111 10 

Cotton  wood,  Minn 102 

Council  Bluffs,  la 30 

Council  Hill.  Ill 44 

Courtland,  Minn 102 

Covington,  Neb 24 

Crescent, la.. .   80 

Creston,  Dl 12 

Crete,  Neb  32 

Croobston,  Minn 95 

Crowell,  Neb 29 

Crystal  Lake,  111 45,52 

Dakota  City,  Neb 24,  29 

Dalles  City,  Oregon 40 

Dane,  Wis 80 

Darien,  Wis 55 

Darlington,  Wis 55 

Davenport,  la. 14, 16, 17 

Davis,  Wis 55 

Davis  Junction,  Iowa 25 

Dartf ord,  Wis 58 

Dayton,  Minn 96 

Decatur,  Neb 24,29 

Deer  Lodge,  Mont 84 

DeKalb,Ill 11 

Delavan,  Wis 55 

Delaware,  la 17 

Del? van,  Minn 16 

Delhi,  la 17 

Deloit,  la  28 

Delmar  Junction,  la 16 

Dement,  111 18 

Denison,  la  28 

Denver,  Col 33 

DePere,  Wis 65 

Des  Moines.  la 21 

DeSoto,  Neb  32 

Desplaines.  Ill 50 

Detroit,  Minn 98 

Devil's  Lake,  Wis 81 

DeWitt,  la. 16 

Dextervllle,  Wis 67 

Dheinsville,  Wis 112 

Dixon,lll 12 

Dodge  Center,  Minn 99 

Dodge  City,  Minn 100 

Dover,  Minn 99 

Dowville,  la. 23 

Dubuque,  la 13, 16, 19,  44 

Duck  Creek,  Wis 67 

Duluth,  Minn 73,91 

Dundas,  Minn 100 

Dundee,  111 ,. . .  .45, 113 

Dunlap,  la 23 

Dunleith,  111 44 

Dnrand,  Wis 56 

Dutch  Flat,  Cal 35 

Dysart,  la. 19 

Eagle,  Wis 55 

>  agle  Lake.  Minn 101 

East  Side,  la 22 

Eau  Claire,  Wis 86 


VI 


INDEX. 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Eddyville,  la 20 

Edeu,  Wis 113 

Edgerton,  Wis 55 

Eldora,  la 20 

Eldorado,  Wis 58 

Eldridge,  la 16,  17 

Elgin.Ill 42 

Elgin,  Minn 99 

Elk  Grove,  111 50 

Elkhart  Lake,  Wis. 115 

Elkhorn,  Wis 55 

Elko,  Nev 35 

ElkPoint.Dak 24,25 

Elkport,  la. 16 

Elk  River  Junction,  la 16 

Elk  River,  Minn 95 

Elmhnrst,  111 10 

Elroy,  Wis : 86 

Emerald  Grove,  Wis 55 

Empire  City,  Oregon  40 

Escanaba,  Mich 69 

Eugene  City,  Oregon. 40 

Eureka,  Wis 62 

Evans,  Col 32,83 

Evanston,  HI 103 

Evansville,  Wis 79 

Evanston,  Wyo.... 33 

Everett,Neb 29 

Excelsior,  Minn 90 

Eyota,  Minn 99 

Fairfax,  la 19 

Fairhaven,  Minn 95 

Faribault,  Minn 100 

Farley,  la 19 

Farmmgton,  Utah 34 

Fargo,  Minn 93 

Fayette,  la 17 

Fergus  Falls,  Minn 93 

Fish  Creek,  Minn. 97 

Flag2,Iil 12 

Florence,  Neb 32 

Fond  du  Lac,  Minn 91 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 56 

Fontanelle,  Neb 29 

Footville,  Wis  78 

Fort  Abercrombie,  Minn 93 

Fort  Atkinson.  Wis 55 

Fort  Benton,  Mont 93 

Fort  Dodge,  la 21 

Fort  Fred  Steel,  Wyo 33 

Fort  Garry,  B.  N.  A 93 

Fort  Howard,  Wis 65 

Fort  Sanders,  Wyo 33 

Fort  Seward,  Minn 93 

Fort  Sully,  Dak 102 

Fort  Thompson,  Dak. 102 

Fort  Totten,  Dak. 93 

Fort  Wadsworth,  Dak 93 

Fox  Lake,  Wis 56 

Fox  River,  Wis. 116 

Forreston,  111 13 

Forest  City,  Minn : 95 

Forest  Lake,  Minn 91 

Franklin,  111  12 

Frazier  City,  Minn 93 

Fredericksburg,  111 10 

Freebom,  Minn 100 

Freeport,  111 44 

Fremont,  Neb 24,  29 

Fremo.it,  Wis 62 

Fulton,  111 14 

Galena,  111...  ....13,44 

Galt,Dl 14 

Garden  Prairie,  111 43 

Galesville,  Wis 98 

Garry  Owen,  la 41 

Gayville,  Dak 86 

Geneva,  111 10 

Genoa,  Wis 46,116 

Genoa  Junction,  Wis 46,  116 

Georgetown,  Col 33 

Germantown,  Wis 112 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Gilberts,  111...                        .  42 

Gill's  Landing,  Wis 62,  63 

Gilroy,  Cal. 35 

Glenbeulah,  Wis 115 

Glencoe,  111 104 

Glendale,  Wis 96 

Glen  Flora,  111 105 

Glidden,  la 22 

Glyndon,  Minn 93 

Gold  Hill,  Col 33 

GoldHill,Nev 35 

Golden  City,  Col 33 

Goose  Lake,  la 41 

Gordon's  Ferry,  la 16 

Gower's  Ferry,  la 17 

Grand  Detour,  111 13 

Grand  Island,  Neb  32 

Grand  Junction,  la 21 

Grand  Mound,  la, 16 

Grand  Rapids,  Wis 67 

Granite  Falls,  Minn 102 

Granville,  Wis 112 

Greeley,  Col 32,33 

Green  Bay,  Wis 65 

Green  Bay  Junction,  Wis 86 

Green  Lake,  Wis 58 

Green  River,  Wyo 33 

Grinnell,  la 2 J 

Grundy  Centre,  la. 20 

Gattenberg,  la 16 

Hainesville,  HI 105 

Hammond,  Wis 88 

Hampton,  111 14 

Hampton,  la 20 

Hancock,  Mich 74 

Hanover,  Wis 78 

Harlem,  III  4,10 

Harper's  Ferry,  la 16 

Harvard,  111 52 

Havana,  Minn 99 

Haven,  Iowa 19 

Havelock,  111 103 

Hawley,  Minn 93 

Hebron,  111. ..     ., 116 

Hebron,  Wis 116 

Helena,  la 19 

Helena,  Mont 34 

Herman,  Neb 24,29 

Hersey,  Wis 97 

Heytmans,  la 17 

Highland  Park,  111 104 

Highwood,  111 105 

Hillsborough,  Wis 85 

Hinckley,  Minn 91 

Honey  Creek,  la    30 

Houghton,  Mich ...    74 

Hollister,  Cal 35 

Hong  Kong,  China 35 

Honolulu,  8.  I -..  35 

Hokah,  Minn 16 

Hopkinton,  la 17 

Hooper,  Neb  29 

Houston,  Minn 16 

Hudson,  Wis 88 

Huntley,  111 42 

Humboldt,  Nev 35 

Iberia,  Minn 102 

Idaho  City,Idaho 34 

Idaho  Springs,  Col 33 

Ida  Grove,  la 24 

Independence,  la 19 

Iowa  Centre,  la 21 

Irving  Park,  111 50 

Ironton,  Wis 85 

Ishpeming,  Mich 70 

Isle  Royale,  Mich 71 

Itaska,  Minn 95 

Ives  Station,  Wis 108 

Jackson,  Wis 112 

Jacksonville,  Oregon 40 

Jamestown,  Minn 93 


PLACE    AND   STATE.  PAGE 

Jamestown.  Neb 29- 

Janesville,  Minn 101 

Janesville,  Wis 55 

Jefferson,  Wis 56 

Johnson,  Wis 55 

Johnson  Centre,  Wis 55 

Johnson's  Creek,  Wis 56- 

Judd,  Wis 78 

Julesburg,  Neb    . .   3fc 

Junction,  111 10 

Juneau,  Wis 56 

Kandiyohi,  Minn 94 

Kasota,  Minn 101 

Kasson,  Minn 99 

Kaukauna,  Wis 65 

Kaysville,  Utah 34 

Kearney,  Neb — , 32 

Kekaska,  Wis 56 

Kelley,  Iowa 21 

Kelton.  Utah 34 

Kendalls,  Wis. 96 

Kenosha,  Wis 107 

Kewaskum,  Wis 114 

Kingston,  Minn 95- 

Kirkwood,  Wis 85 

Kishwaukee,  111 52 

Klornan,  Mich 69 

Kohlsville,  Wis 112 

Koshkonong,  Wis 55 

Lac-  qui-parle.  Minn 102 

La  Crescent-Minn 16 

La  Crosse,  Wis 16,  9» 

LaFox,HL 11 

La  Salle.Hl 13 

Lake  Benton,  Minn 102 

Lake  City,  Minn 99 

Lake  Forest,  HI ....  105 

Lake  Geneva,  Wis 46 

Lake  Kampeska,  Minn 102 

Lake  Michigamme,  Mich 72 

Like  Mills,  Wis 56 

LakeShetek,  Minn 102 

LakeSide,  HI 104 

Lake  View,  111 : 103 

Lake  Walusa,  Wis 79 

l^ake  Zurich,  HI 51 

Lamartine,  Wis 58- 

Lamoille,  la. 20 

Lanark,  HI 14,45 

Lane,  El 12 

Lanesboro,  Minn 16 

L'Anse,  Mich 72 

Lmsing,  la 16 

LaPorte,Ia. 19 

Laporte,  Neb 30 

Laramie,  Wyo 33 

Lathrop,  Cal. 35 

Lavelle,  Wis 85 

Lawrence,  ni 53 

LeGrand.Ia 20 

Leavenworth,  Minn. 102 

Lee  Centre,  HI 12 

Lehi,  Utah 34 

Lena,  HI 13,44 

Lewiston,  Minn 99 

Libertyville,  111 10& 

Lindwerm,  Wis 112 

•Lincoln,  Neb 32. 

Liucoln,  Minn. 99> 

Linn,  la 19 

Lisbon,  la. 17 

Liscomb,  la 20- 

Litchfleld,  Minn. 94 

Little  Chute,  Wis 65 

Little  Kaukanna,  Wis 65 

Little  Suamico,  Wis 67 

Little  Sioux,  la. 24 

Litchfleld,  Minn. 94 

Lodi,Ill 11 

Lodi,  Wis 81 

Logan,  la 23 

Logan,  Neb 2tt 


INDEX. 


VII 


PLACE  AND  8TATB.  PAGE 

Logan,  Utah  83 

Logausville,  Wis 85 

Lombard,  111 10 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 32 

Long  Prairie,  Minn 93 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 85 

London,  la 17 

Low  Moor.  la 16 

Lowell, Wis 5B 

Luzerue,  la 19 

Lyle,  Minn 19 

Lyons,  la 41 

Lyons,  Neb 29 

Lytles,  Wis 98 

Lyndon,  111 14 

Madison,  Neb 80 

Madison,  Wis TO 

Magnolia,  Wis 78 

Malade,  Idaho 34 

Malone,  la.   16 

Malta.  Ill 12 

Manitoba,  B.  N.  A 93 

Manitou,  Col 83 

Manitowoc,  Wis 113 

Mankato,  Minn 101 

Mankato  Junction,  Minn Ill 

Mantorville,  Minn 99 

Maple,  Neb    29 

Maplewood,  111 60 

Mapleton,  la 24 

Maquoket.i.  la 16,  41 

Marengo,  111 43 

Marinette,  Wis 69 

Marion,  Minn 99 

Marion,  la 19 

Marshall,  Minn 102 

Marshall, Wis 56 

Marshafltown,  la. 20 

Marshfleld,  Wis 63 

Marshland,  Minn 98 

Marquette,  Mich 71 

Marysville,  Cal 35 

Mason  City,  la 20 

Mazeppa,  Minn 9!) 

Massfilon,  la 11 

Mauston,  Wis 85 

Mayville,  Wis 56 

Mayfield.Wis 112 

Maywood,IlL 10 

McGregor,  la 16 

McHenry.  Dl 45 

McQi  1  roy'  a  Ferry,  Wis 98 

McConuell's  Grove,  111 44 

Mecbanicsville,  la 17 

Meckling,  Dak 26 

Medford,  Minn. 100 

Melrose,  111 10 

Melrose,  Minn 97 

Melbourne,  Aust 85 

Menasha,  Wis 63 

Mendota,  Wis 80 

Menomonce,  Mich 69 

Menomonee,  Wis 88 

Menomonee  Falls,  Wis 112 

Meriden,  Minn 100 

Merrimac,  Wis 81 

Merrillan,  Wis 67 

Midway,  la 21 

Midway,  Wis 98 

Milburne,  111 105 

Millidsrevillc,  Til. 14 

Mill  Hock,  lov.a...   41 

Milton  Junction,  Wis 65 

Milwaukee,  Wis 108 

Minnesota  Junction,  Wis 6fi 

Mindoro.  Wis 97 

Mineral  Point,  Wis 13 

Minonk,  Dl 13 

Minnesota  City,  Minn 99 

Minneapolis,  Minn 90 

Missouri  Valley  Junction,  la.  23 

Modale,  la  24 

Moingoua,  la. 21 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Moline,  111 14 

Montrose,  111 60 

Montour.  la 20 

Mondamin,  la. 24 

M (mini ni i  !i ,  la. 41 

Mouticello,  la 17,  19 

Monticello,  Minn 95 

Monroe,  Wis 44,  78 

Monterey,  Cal 85 

Moorhead,  Minn 98 

Morris,  Minn 94 

Morrison.  Ill 14 

Mount  Carroll,  111 14,45 

Mount  Vernon,  la 17 

Mount  Prospect,  111 50 

Munster,  Wis 116 

Nachusa.Dl 12 

Napa,  Cal 35 

Nashville.  la 41 

Nederland,  Col 33 

Neenah,  Wis 63 

Negaunee,  Mich 70 

Nelson,  111.  13 

Neleigh  City,  Neb 30 

Neosho,  Wis 56 

Nevada,  la 20 

New  Cassel,  Wis 113 

New  Glarus,  Wis 79 

New  Hampshire,  111 42 

New  Jefferson,  la 21 

New  London,  Wis 62,  6ti 

New  Sharon,  Iowa 20 

NewUlm.Minn 102 

Newton,  la 20 

Newton,  Neb 82 

Nicollet,    Minn 102 

Nickerson,  Neb 29 

Niles,  Cal 85 

Nora,  111 13,44 

Nora  Junction,  la ; 19 

Nordland,  Minn 102 

Norfolk,  Neb 30 

Normal,  111 13 

Norman,  Minn 93 

North  Evanston,  111 103 

North  Freedom,  Wis 85 

North  McGregor,  la....' 16 

North  Pacific  Junction,  Minn.    91 

North  Platte,  Neb 32 

Northfleld,  Minn 100 

Northport,  Wis 62 

Northwood,  la 20 

Norway,  la 19 

Norwafk,  Wis 96 

Norwood,  111 60 

Oak  Center,  Wia 56 

Oak  Creek,  Wis 108 

OakPark,  111 10 

Oakdale,  Neb 30 

Oakfleld,  Wis 56 

Oakland,Neb 29 

Oconto,  Wis 67 

Oconomowoc,  Wis 66 

Ogden,  la 21 

Ogden,  Utah 33 

Ogdensbnrg,  Wis 67 

Okaman,  Minn. 101 

Okee,  Wis 81 

Olmsted,  Minn 99 

Olympia.W  T 40 

Omro,  Wis 56,  (ii 

Omaha,  Neb .  82 

Onawa,  la. 24 

Onalaaka,  Wis 97 

Onslow,  la 41 

Ontario,  la  21 

Ontario,  Wis 85 

< tntonagon,  Mich 74 

Oregon  City,  Oregon 40 

Oregon,  Wis ' 79 

Oronoko,  Minn 99 

Orono,  Minn 95 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Orford,  WL- 78 

Orangeville,  111 44 

Orovflle,  Cal 86 

Oshkosh.Wis 61 

Oshawa,  Minn 102 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa 20 

Osterdock,  la 16 

Osceola,!!!...'. 45 

Oto,  la 24 

Otter  Tail  City,  Minn 93 

Ottumwa,  la 20 

Owatonna,  Minn 99 

Owego,  Minn 93 

Oxford  Mills,  la 17 

Ozark,  In.     .  .41 

O'Neill  City,  Neb 10 

Palatine,  HI 50 

Palisade,  Nev 35 

Palmyra,  Wis 55 

Paola,  Wis 79 

Park  Ridge,  111 50 

Parkers,  Minn 93 

Pecatonicu,  111 43 

Pembina,  Dak 93 

Pensaukee,  Wis 67 

Perham,  Miiin 93 

Peshtigo,  Wis 68 

Petaluma,  Cal 85 

Pewaukee,  Wis 56 

Pine  City,  Minn 91 

Pine  Creek,  Wis 98 

Pine  Island,  Minn 99 

Plainview,  Minn 99 

PlankRoad,  111 50 

Platteville,  Wis 13 

Pleasant  Grove,  Minn 99 . 

Pleasant  Prairie,  Wis 116 

Plover,  Wis 67 

Plum  River,  Dl 44 

Plymouth,  Wis 115 

Pokegama  Kails,  Minn 92 

Polk  City,  la 21 

Polo.Ill 13 

Poplar  Grove,  111 116 

Portage  Lake,  Mich 74 

Portage,  Wis 56 

Port  Byron,  111 14 

Port  Townsend,  W.  T 40 

Port  Washington,  Wis 113 

Portland,  Oregon 35 

Portlandville,  Iowa 24, 25 

Postville.Ia 19 

Poynette,  Wis 81 

Prairie,  Minn 102 

Prairie  aux  Isle,  Minn 98 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis 16 

Prairie  da  Sac,  Wis 81 

Princeton,  Minn 95 

Princeton,  Wis 61 

Prospect  Park,  111 10 

Propnetstown,  Dl 14 

Provo,  Utah 84 

Puget  Sound,  Oregon 85 

Quarry,  la 20 

Racine,Wis 107 

Racine  Junction,  Wis .107 

Ramsey,  Minn. . . ., 16 

Ravenswood,  111 103 

Ravinia,  111 .104 

Rawlings,  Wyo 88 

Redding,  Cal 39 

Red  Wing,  Minn 99 

Redwood  Falls,  Minn 94,  :i02 

Reedsburg,  Wis 85 

Reno,  Nev 86 

Richmond.lll 46 

Richwood,  Wis 56 

Ridgefleld,  111 52 

Ridgeland,  111 10 

Ridott,Ill 44 

Ringwood,  111 45 


via 


INDEX. 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Ripon,  Wis 68 

River  Forest,  HI 10 

River  Sioux,  la 24 

Rochelle,  111 12 

Rochester,  la ,  -  .  17 

Rochester,  Minn. , 99 

Rockfield,  111 19 

Rockfleld,  Wia 112 

Rockford,  111 43 

Rock  Island,  111. 14 

Rock  Island  Junction,  Hi —  14 

Rockton,  Wis 55 

Rogers  Park,  111 103 

Rome  Corners,  Wis 79 

Roscoe.  Ill 78 

Rosehill.  Ill 103 

Roseburgh,  Oregon 40 

Rosendale.  Wis.  58 

Round  Grove,  111 14 

Royalton,  Wis .-.  .62,  67 

Rush  City,  Minn 91 

Rushfora,  Minn. 16 

Sabula,  la 15 

Sacramento,  Cal 35 

Salem,  Oregon 40 

Salem,  Wis 116 

Salinas,  Cal 35 

Salix,  la 24 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 33 

San  Diego,  Cal 35 

San  Francisco,  Cal 35 

San  Jose,  Cal 35 

Santa  Barbara,  Cal 35 

Santa  Clara,  Cal 35 

Sania  Cruz,  Cal 35 

Santa  Ros:i,  Cal 35 

Santiago.  Minn 95 

Saratoga.  Minn 102 

Sargejnt's  Bluff,  la 24 

Sank  City,   Wis 81 

Sauk  Rapids,  Minn 95 

/     Savanna,  111 14,45 

Saylor,  la 21 

Scale*  Monnd,Ill 44 

Scandinavia,  Wis 67 

Schuyler,  Neb. .  32 

Scranton.  la 21 

Scribner,  Neb 29 

Seattle,  Oregon 40 

Seymour,  Wis 66 

Shannon.  Ill 14,  45 

Sharon,  Wis 54 

Shawano,  Wis 62j  65 

Sheboyean,  Wis 113 

Sheldahl,  la 21 

Shellsburg,  la 19 

Shell.Rock.  la. 19 

Shiocton,  Wis 66 

Shopiere,  Wis 55 

Sidney.  Neb 32 

Silver  City,  Idaho 34 

Silver  City,  Nev 35 

Sioux  City,  la 24 

Sioux  Falls  City,  Dak 24,  25 

Sioux  St.  Marie,  Mich 71 

Sleepy  Eye  Lake,  Minn 102 

Sloan,  la" 24 

Smithland,  la 24 

Snells,  Wis 62 

Soledad,  Csl 35 

South  Caledonia,  111 116 

South  tivanston,  111 103 

Sparta.  Wis 96 

Spaulding,  Mich. 69 

Spechts  t  erry,  la 16 

Spring  Creek,  la .' 20 

Spring  Green.  Wis 85 

SpringHill,  111 14 

Spring  Valley,  Minn 16,  99 


PLACE   AND  STATS.  PAGE 

Spring  Valley,  Wis 85 

Springfield,  Wis 55 

Springville,  la 19 

Stanton,  Neb 30 

Stanwood.  la 17 

State  Ceutre,  la  20 

State  Hospital,  Wis 62 

State  Line,  111 107 

State  Line,  Minn 102 

- 1.  Anthony,  Minn 94 

St.  Cloud,  Minn 96 

ht.  Charles,  111 10 

St.  Charles,  Minn 99 

St.  Francis,  Minn 95 

St.  Francis,  Wi* 108 

St.  Helena,  CaL 35 

St.  Ignace  Island,  L.  S 71 

St.  Mary,  Wis 61,  97 

St.  Paul,  Minn 89 

St.  Peter,  Minn 101 

Steamboat  Rock.  la 20 

Steilacoom,  W.  T 40 

Sterling,  III 13 

Stephenson,  Mictx  69 

Stevenstown,  Wi->    98 

Ste  'ens'  Point,  Wis 63 

Still  water,  Minn 91 

Stockton,  Cal 35 

Stockton,  Minn  99 

Stoughton,  Wis 55 

Summit,  Wis 96 

Summerdale,  111 103 

Sun  Prairie,  Wis 56 

Superior  City,  Wis. 73 

Swede  Point.  la..   21 

Sycamore.  Ill 11 

Sydney.  Australia 35 

Syene,  Wis 79 

Tacoma,  Oregon 35 

Tama,  la 19 

Taylor.Ill 12 

Tekami,  Neb 24,  29 

Thompson,  Minn 91 

Tipton,  la  17 

Toana,  Utah 35 

Toledo,  la 20 

To-nah,W5s 86 

Toronto,  la 17 

Traer.  la 20 

Trempealeau,  Wis 98 

Truckee.  Cal 35 

Turkey  River,  la 16 

Turner,  III 10 

Twin  Lakes,  HI. ...   46,  53 

Two  Rivers,  Wis 113 

Udina,  Iowa 42 

Um-uilla,  Oregon 40 

Union,  111 43 

Union,  !a 20 

Union  Centre,  Wis 85 

Union  Grove,  111 14 

Utica,Minn 99 

Vail,  la 23 

Vancouvers  Island,  B.  C 35 

Vandyne,  Wis 61 

Vermillion.  Dak 24,  25 

Veron  i,  Wis 79 

Victoria 19 

Victoria,  B.  C 35,  40 

Vinton,  la 19 

Viola,  la 19 

Virginia  City,  Mont 34 

Virginia  City,  Nev 35 

Viroqua.  Wis 97 

Volga  City,  la... 16 

Wadsworth,  Nev 35 


PLACE  AND  STATE.  PAGE 

Waldep,  la....  17 

Wallace.  Mich 69 

Walla  Walla,  Wash.  Ter 40 

Wallula.W.T 40 

Wall  Lake,  la 22 

Walnut  Grove,  Minn. 102 

Waltham.Ia 19 

Warren,  111 13,44 

Waseca,  Minn. 100 

Watab,   Minn 96 

Waterloo,  la 19 

Waterloo,  Wis 56 

Waterman's  Mills,  111 44 

Watertown,  Wis 56 

Watkins,  la 19 

Wauconda,  111 51 

Waukegan,  111 105 

Wankesha,  Wis 55 

Waunakee,  Wis 80 

Waupacca,  Wis 63 

Waupeton,  la 16 

Waupun,  Wis 56 

Wansau,  Wis 86 

Wayne,  LI     42 

Wayne  Centre,  111 42 

Wayzata,   Mmn 94 

Webster  City,  la 19 

Wells,  Minn.   . .   16 

Welton,  Iowa Hi 

Wenona,  111 13 

West  Bend,  Wis Ill 

West  Menasha,  Wis 63 

West  Pensaukee,  W.9 67 

West  Point.  Neb 24,20 

West  Rapids,  la 19 

West  Salem,  Wis 97 

West  Side,  la 22 

West  Union,  la.     19 

Weyau  wega,  Wis P.  .62,  63 

Wheaton,  111  10 

Wheatland,  la 16 

Wheeling.   Ill 50 

Whitewater,  Wis 55 

White  Bear  Lake,  Minn 91 

Whiting,  la 24 

Wilmar,  Minn 94 

Wilmette,  111. 104 

Wilmot.  Wis 116 

Wilton,  la 17 

Wilton,   Wis 96 

Winfleld.  Ill 10 

Winnebago,  III.  43 

Winnebago,  Minn 16 

Winneconne,  Wis 56, 62 

Winnemucci.  Nev 35 

Winnepeg,  Manitoba 93 

Winnetka,  III 104 

Winona,  Minn 98 

Winona  Junction,  Wis 97 

Wisconsin  Valley  J unc.,  Wis.    Rfi 

Wisner,  Neb     24.  29 

Wonowoc,  Wis 85 

Woodbine,  la 23 

Woodside.  Wis 88 

Woodstock,  111 52 

Woodworth,  Wis 116 

Worcester,  Wis 63 

Worthington,  Minn 101 

Wrightstown,  Wis 65 

Wyoming,  la. 17,  41 

Wyoming,  Minn 91 

!  Yankton,  Dak 24,  25 

'•  Yellow  Creek.  Ill 44 

i  Yellow  Medicine.  Minn 94 

;  Yokohama,  Japan 35 

Youug  America,   Wis  112 

Znmbro.  Minn.. 99 

Zwiugle,  la 41 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


WHERE  IT  IS,  AND  WHAT  IT  IS. 


HISTORICAL. 

We  do  not  propose  to  trouble  you  much  with  figures,  but  merely  give  you  at  this 
time  the  mileage  owned  and  operated  exclusively  by  this  Company,  and  the  mileage 
owned  and  operated  entirely  or  mainly  by  this  Company. 

Lines  owned  and  operated  exclusively  by  this  Company. 

Chicago,  via  Clinton,  to   Missouri   River  at 

Omaha 491  CO 

Chicago  to  Freeport .  12100 

Chicago  to  Milwaukee 85  OJ 

Chicago  Cut-off  and  Branches .  9  iO 

Ohicapo  to  Lake  Supejrlor,  including  Branches,  464  H 

•Stanwood  to  Tipton    850 

filgin  to  Lake  Geneva   4451 

Cenevato  St.  Charles 

Geneva  to  Batavia 3  *° 


Belvldere  to  'Winona,  via  Madison  and  Elroy  .    227  00 

Kenosha  to  Rockf  ord    72  10 

Chicago,  via  Madison,  Elroy  and  Sparta,  to  La 


Crosse 

Clinton  (la.)  to  Anamosa '. 

Milwaukee  to  Fond  du  Lac 

Winona  to  Lake  Kampeska.  Dak . 

Maple  River  Junction  to  Mapleton,  Iowa 

Menominee  River  Hallway,  Mich  


27700 
71  40 
62  63 

330  75 
6000 
2500 


Total  Miles 2,07828 


Routes  owned  and  operated  entirely  or  mainly  by  this  Company. 


Council  Bluffs  and  California  Line    

St.  Paul  Line,  (Elroy  Koute)    

Green  Bay  and  Lake  Superior  Line 

Elroy,  Winona  and  Lake  Kampeska  Line  .... 


Sioux  City  and  Tankton  Line 

Dubuque  and  La  Crosse  (via  Clinton)  Line  —       315 

FrecportLine «l 

Milwaukee  Line 

Milwaukee  and  Fond  du  Lac  Line 

Lake  Geneva  Line 85 


72 

a 

9 
3 
I 

19 

6 
Maple  River  Railway"  .'.'.'.".".".!'.'.". ....\'.'.. '.... '.'..        60 

Meuominee  River  Railway •» 

Total  Miles 3,525 


Clinton  and  Anamosa 

Kenosha  and  Kocuford  Line 

Stanwood  and  Tipton  Railroad 

Geneva  and  St.  Charles  Line 

Geneva  and  Batavia  Line 

Chicago  "Cutoff"  and  Branches 

Onalaska  to  La  Cro.sse 


We  wish  to  describe  to  you  the  commencement,  growth,  and  present  stalu*  of  the 
Company,  and  give  you  short  descriptions  of  the  country,  cities,  towns,  villages'  and 
.stations  it  passes  through,  and  to  note  in  passing  any  special  items  that  may  be  thought 
of  interest  to  those  not  fully  familiar  with  our  great  Western  land.  This  Company 
owns  and  operates — 

First — The  shortest,  oldest  and  best  line  between  Chicago  and  Council  Bluffs  and 
Omaha,  and  the  first  that  formed  a  connection  with  the  Union  Pacific  for  Nebraska, 
Colorado,  Wyoming,  Utah,  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada,  California,  Oregon,  and  the  Pacific 
Coast.  This  is  known  as  the  OMAHA  AND  CALIFORNIA  LINE,  or  THE  GREAT  TRANS- 
CONTINENTAL OVERLAND  ROUTE. 

Second — The  best  and  most  direct  route  to  Madison,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  and  for 
all  points  beyond.  This  line  is  new,  and  as  such  has  been  equipped  with  everything 
tending  to  comfort,  speed  and  safety,  that  modern  invention  has  placed  in  the  hands 
of  the  progressive  Railroad  Manager.  This  line  is  known  as  "  The  Elroy  Route." 

Third — The  ONLT  line  from  Chicago  to  Fond  du  Lac,  Green  Bay,  Escanaba,  Negau- 
nee,  Marquette  and  L'Anse,  by  which  the  traveler  can  reach  the  shores  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior by  rail. 

Fourth — The  only  line  from  Chicago  to  Freeport,  and,  via  Freeport,  to  Galena, 
Dunleith,  Dubuque,  and  points  West.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  lines  in  the 
West,  and  for  many  years  was  the  only  rail  line  by  which  the  traveler  from  the  Lakes 
could  reach  the  Mississippi  river. 

Fifth — The  only  line  from  Chicago  to  Sparta,  Winona,  Rochester,  St.  Peter,  New 
Ulin,  Marshall,  and  Lake  Kampeska,  Dakota.  This  line  is  623  miles  iong,  and  runs 
through  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  into  Dakota. 


THB  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Sixth — A  line  from  Kenosha  to  Rockford,  which  is  the  only  route  through  that  part 
of  the  country. 

Seventh — The  old  and  popular  route  from  Chicago  to  Milwaukee.  This  is  the  only 
line  between  these  cities  that  runs  along  the  Lake  Shore,  and  offers  to  the  traveler  the 
benefit  of  the  Lake  views,  and  access  to  the  many  beautiful  cities,  towns  and  villager 
along  its  shores. 

Eighth — A  line  from  Clinton,  Iowa,  to  Anamoea.  This  was  formerly  known  as  the 
Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  and  runs  through  the  garden  of  Iowa. 

Ninth — Numerous  branches,  which  open  up  routes  off  the  main  line  of  travel. 

As  we  get  further  along  you  will  see  that  even  these  form  but  a  proportion  of  the 
iines  controlled  by  this  great  Company.  Owning  at  this  time  over  two  thousand  miles 
of  railroad,  it  may  readily  be  conjectured  that  the  present  Company  were  not  the 
builders  of  the  whole  of  it.  This  is  true.  The  present  line  is  the  final  result  of  a 
series  of  grand  consolidations.  Beginning,  then,  with  the  earlier  built  portion  of  the 
original  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway,  we  find  that  on  January  16th,  1836,  the  Galena 
&  Chicago  Union  Railway  Co.  was  incorporated  by  the  State  of  Illinois,  with  power 
to  construct  a  railroad  from  Chicago  to  Galena,  and  lateral  lines  as  they  might  deem 
advisable,  and  to  "unite"  with  any  other  railroad  company  already  chartered  or  that 
might  be  chartered,  and  to  build  lines  to  connect  with  these  lines  or  any  other.  In 
1847  they  began  to  build,  and  by  January,  1850,  had  finished  to  Elgin,  42  miles.  Under 
charters  above  named,  and  previous  to  1854,  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co.  had  built  a  branch 
line  from  Belvidere,  111.  to  Beloit,  on  the  border  of  Wisconsin,  a  distance  of  21  miles, 
and  in  1854,  they  leased  the  Beloit  &  Madison  Railway,  a  line  projected  and  partly 
built  from  Beloit  towards  Madison,  47  miles.  In  1847,  the  oflicers  of  the  G.  &  C.  U. 
Co.  visited  Janesville,  and  other  places  in  Wisconsin,  soliciting  aid  to  construct  their 
projected  lines,  and  incited  by  promises  of  co-operation,  on  August  19,  1848,  an  act 
was  procured  incorporating  the  Beloit  &  Madison  Railway,  named  above,  which  was 
chartered  to  Be  built  from  Beloit,  via  Janesville,  Madison  and  La  Crosse,  to  a  point 
on  Mississippi  river  near  St.  Paul,  and  also  from  Janesville  to  Fond  du  Lac.  Febru- 
ary 9th,  1850,  the  name  of  the  Madison  &  Beloit  P  ail  way  Co.  was  changed  to  that  of 
The  Rock  River  Valley  Union  Railroad  Company  The  line  from  Janesville  was  not 
pushed  by  this  Company,  as  the  people  had  been  led  to  believe  it  would  be,  and  as  a 
result  of  the  dissatisfaction  a  charter  was  approved  February  12,  1851,  incorporating 
*•  The  Illinois  &  Wisconsin  Railroad  Co.,"  with  power  to  build  a  railroad  from  Chicago 
north  to  the  Illinois  State  line,  and  to  consolidate  with  any  line  in  Wisconsin.  March 
10th,  1855,  this  last  named  line  was  by  act  of  Legislature  of  Wisconsin  consolidated 
with  the  Rock  River  Valley  Union  Railroad  Co. ,  and  authorized  to  take  such  name 
for  the  new  company  as  the  Board  of  Directors  might  see  fit.  On  March  30th,  1855, 
this  consolidation  was  perfected,  and  the  consolidated  company  was  named  The 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad  Co.  Here,  then,  we  have  the  origin  of  the- 
first  portion  of  the  present  Wisconsin  Division  of  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway. 

"The  object  and  desire  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad  Co.  from 
the  beginning,  was  the  extension  of  their  line  from  Janesville  northwest  via  Madison 
and  La  Crosse  to  St.  Paul,  and  from  Janesville  north  along  the  valley  of  Rock  river 
to  Fond  du  Lac,  and  to  the  great  iron  and  copper  regions  of  Lake  Superior."  During 
the  first  four  years  of  its  existence,  it  succeeded  in  building  a  line  (broad  gauge,  6  feet). 
from  Chicago  to  the  Wisconsin  State  line  at  Sharon,  and  in  the  meantime  The  Rock 
itiver  Valley  Union  Railroad  Co.  had  built  30  miles  of  its  road  from  Fond  du  Lac 
vowards  Minnesota  (then  La  Crosse)  Junction.  The  consolidated  company  proceeded 
as  fast  as  possible  to  close  up  the  gap  between  the  two  pieces  of  road,  and  completed 
it  in  1859,  thus  forming  a  continuous  line  from  Chicago  via  Janesville  and  Wfitertown, 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


to  Fond  du  Lac,  176  miles.  In  June,  1856,  by  the  almost  unaided  efforts  of  the  Chicago, 
St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  Congress  was  induced  to  make  a  grant  of  land  to 
the  State  of  Wisconsin,  to  aid  in  completing  its  lines  of  road.  At  an  extra  session  of 
the  Legislature  of  Wisconsin,  held  in  September  or  October,  1856,  a  contest  arose  over 
this  grant,  and  the  result  was  the  land  upon  the  northwestern  line  was  given  to  the  La  Crosse 
&  Milwaukee  Railroad  Co.,  and  the  lands  on  the  northern  line  were  given  to  the  Wiscon- 
sin &  Lake  Superior  Railroad  Co.,  a  corporation  that  wasxchartered  by  this  Legislature 
for  the  express  purpose  of  giving  it  this  land  grant !  The  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond 
du  Lac  Railway  was  thus  deprived  of  the  grant  of  lands  which  had  been  obtained  for 
the  State  of  Wisconsin  by  its  efforts  !  By  Acts  of  February  12  and  28,  1857,  the  Wis- 
consin &  Lake  Superior  Railway  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railway 
Cos.,  were  authorized  to  consolidate,  and  on  March  5,  1857,  the  companies  were  con- 
solidated under  name  of  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad  Co.,  and  thus 
secured  the  land  grant  of  six  (6)  sections  (3,840  acres)  per  mile  along  its  line  in 
Wisconsin. 

In  1857  came  the  great  financial  revulsion,  which  at  once  put  a  stop  to  further  con- 
struction of  this  with  many  other  lines  of  railway.  lu  February,  1859,  in  Illinois,  and 
in  March,  (and  October),  1859,  the  Legislatures  authorized  reorganization  of  the  com- 
pany, and  on  June  6th  a  new  company  was  organized,  under  the  name  of  Chicago  & 
North- Western  Railway  Co.,  to  which  was  passed  all  the  franchises  and  rights  of  the 
then  defunct  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railway  Co.  Here,  then,  is  the  real 
beginning  of  the  present  great  corporation  that  is  now  known  by  the  above  name.  On- 
April  10,  1861,  this  Company  was  authorized  to  build  a  line  from  Fond  du  Lac  via 
Fort  Howard  or  Green  Bay  to  the  north  line  of  Wisconsin,  at  the  Menomonee  river. 
During  1859  the  road  was  completed  to  Oshkosh,  (194  miles);  in  1860  and  '61  to  Apple- 
ton,  20  miles  further  north;  and  in  1862  the  line  was  extended  to  Fort  Howard,  (Green 
Bay),  forming  a  line  242  milel  long.  In  1862-3,  The  Kenosha,  Rockford  &  Rock  River 
Railroad,  running  from  Kenosha  westwardly,  was  completed,  72  miles,  to  Rockford,. 
on  the  Galena  &  Chicago  Union  Road,  and  to  prevent  its  falling  into  unfriendly  hands, 
it  was  purchased  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co.  in  1863,  and  operated 
as  the  Kenosha  Division.  To  secure  the  business  of  the  Upper  Peninsula  of  Michigan,. 
The  Peninsula  Railroad  Co.  was  incorporated  in  1861,  and  authorized  to  build  a  road 
from  Escanaba  on  Little  Bey  Des  Noquet,  to  Marquette,  on  Lake  Superior.  The  com- 
pany was  organized  in  1862,  work  commenced  in  1863,  and  the  road  completed  to  the 
Jackson  Mines,  at  the  village  of  Negaunee,  where  it  formed  a  junction  with  the  Mar- 
quette, Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  12  miles  from  Marquette.  In  October,  1864, 
this  line  was  consolidated  with  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway,  and  was  desig- 
nated "The  Peninsula  Division." 

A  line  of  steamboats  was  established  by  the  Green  Bay  Transit  Company,  to  ply 
between  Green  Bay  and  Escanaba,  and  form  the  connection  between  the  two  piecea 
of  railroad.  This  brings  the  history  of  the  line  down  to  the  date  of  the  Grand  Con- 
solidation that  was  effected  between  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  and  Galena  & 
Chicago  Union  Railways,  and  offers  a  chance  to  give  the  history  of  the  last  named  of 
these  roads. 

THE  LINE  WESTWARD. 

The  Galena  &  Chicago  Union  Railroad  Co.  was  Incorporated  January  16, 1836,  and  waa 
provided  with  a  "saving  clause"  in  its  charter,  whereby  the  contemplated  roa'd  might 
be  made  a  "good  turnpike"  instead  of  a  railroad! 

Whether  hesitating  over  which  it  should  be,  or  simply  waiting  for  the  "Star  of 
Empire,"  it  exhibited  no  especial  vitality  for  some  time,  and  ten  years  after  its  organi- 
zation, we  find  the  Directors  of  the  Company  seriously  discussing  the  policy  of  turning 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


their  attention  backward  from  the  wilds  of  Illinois,  and  first  building  their  road  east- 
ward to  meet  the  Michigan  Central  Road",  which  was  then  halting  at  New  Buffalo. 
They  however  did  decide  to  venture  westward,  and  the  first  ten  miles  of  road,  Chicago 
to  Harlem,  was  completed  December  30,  1848,  extended  to  Elgin,  January  22,  1850,  to 
Rockford,  August  2,  1852,  and  to  Freeport,  September  1,  1853.  At  this  point  the 
superior  advantages  of  T  rail  became  apparent,  and  the  "strap  rail,"  with  which  the 
road  had  been  built,  was  taken  up,  and  the  T  iron  rail  put  down.  This  again,  with  the 
further  march  of  improvement,  has  given  place  to  the  steel  rail,  with  which  the  line  is 
now  laid. 

Before  the  completion  of  the  road  to  the  Fox  river,  the  Chief  Engineer  placed 
on  the  records  of  the  Company  a  prophetic  "estimate,"  to  the  effect  that  when  coin,- 
pleted  to  that  point,  the  resources  of  the  country  might  furnish  business  sufficient  for 
"two  trains  each  way  for  two-thirds  of  the  year,  and  one  train  each  way  for  one-third 
of  the  year."  That  prophet  (whose  "eye  is  not  dimmed")  may  now  count  more  than 
20  regular  trains  each  way  daily  passing  over  this  line.  When  the  line  to  Freeport  had 
been  in  operation  about  a  year,  the  Company  decided  to  seek  a  more  direct  line  to  the 
Mississippi,  and  acting  upon  this  decision,  the  road  from  Turner  Junction  to  the  Mis- 
sissippi river  was  completed  to  Dixon,  December  4,  1854,  extended  to  Sterling, 
July  22,  1855,  to  Morrison,  September  23,  1855,  and  the  Mississippi  river,  December 
10,  1855. 

FROM  THE   MISSISSIPPI  WESTWARD. 

•  The  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad  Co;  completed  in  1858  a  line  from  Clinton 
to  Cedar  Rapids,  and  leased  it  to  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co.,  July  3,  1862.  The  Cedar  Rapids 
&  Mo.  River  Railroad  Co.  commenced  the  construction  of  a  road  from  Cedar  Rapids 
westward,  of  which  the  first  27  miles  were  completed  in  1860,  and  extended  from  time 
to  time,  until  having  40  miles  completed,  it  also  was  leased  to  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co., 
July  8th.  1862.  These  Iowa  roads,  together  with  the  roads  built  by  the  G.  &  C.  Co., 
came  under  the  management  of  the  Chicago  &  Ncrth- Western  Railway  Co.,  by  con- 
solidation, June  2,  1864.  The  extension  of  the  road  through  Iowa  was  continued  and 
finally  completed  to  the  Missouri  river  March  15,  1867,  ready  to  join  the  Union  Pacific 
in  its  march  toward  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

During  the  building  of  the  Dixon  Air  Line,  as  the  road  was  designated  that  ran 
from  Junction,  30  miles  west  of  Chicago,  the  G.  &  C.  U.  absorbed  and  consolidated 
with  its  other  charters,  that  of  the  Mississippi  &  Rock  River  Junction  Railroad  Co., 
which  company  had  been  chartered  by  the  State  of  Illinois,  on  February  15,  1851. 
The  consolidation  was  effected  January  9th,  1855.  In  1854  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co.  built  aline 
from  Belvidere  to  Beloit,  as  we  have  already  stated  in  an  earlier  portion  of  this  sketch, 
and  in  1854  entered  into  an  arrangement  with  the  Beloit  &  Madison  Railroad  Co., 
which  owned  a  line  between  these  points.  Some  time  prior  to  1857,  the  G.  &  C.  U. 
Co.  became  identified  with  the  Fox  River  Valley  Railroad,  which  was  being  built  north- 
wardly up  the  valley  of  Fox  river,  and  towards  the  Wisconsin  State  Line.  This  road 
was  finally  reorganized,  absorbed  by  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co.,  and  its  name  changed  to  that 
of  The  Elgin  &  State  Line  Railroad.  It  was  extended  from  Elgin  to  Richmond,  near 
the  north  line  of  Illinois,  and  was  33  miles  long.  It  now  forms  a  portion  of  the 
Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  line  to  Lake  Geneva.  About  this  time  the 
G.  &  C.  TJ.  Co.  bought  the  St.  Charles  &  Mississippi  Air  Line  Railway,  of  which  only 
$  miles,  from  Chicago  to  Harlem  (now  Oak  Park)  was  ever  built.  This  then  brings 
down  the  history  of  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co.  to  the  date  of  the  grand  consolidation. 

In  1861  the  directory  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  was  composed  of— 
W.  B.  Ogden,  (Pres.),  Geo.  Smith,  both  of  Chicago;  Perry  H.  Smith,  (Vice-Pres.),  of 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


Appleton;  M.  C.  Darling,  of  Fond  du  Lac;  A.  L.  Prichard,  of  Watertown; 
J.  J.  R.  Pease,  of  Janesville;  W.  A.  Booth,  Lowell  Holbrook,  David  Dows,  C.  S.  Sey- 
ton,  H.  H.  Boody,  and  Austin  Baldwin,  of  New  York;  and  G.  M.  Bartholomew,  of 
Hartfonl,  Conn.  It  then  owned  29  locomotives  and  19  passenger  cars,  and  its  operat- 
ing expenses  for  the  year  were  only  $258,657.74.  In  1861-2-3,  George  L.  Dunlap  was 
Superintendent,  C.  S.  Tappau,  General  Freight  Agent,  and  E.  De  Witt  Robinson,  its 
General  Ticket  Agent.  In  1861-2,  its  earnings  were  $849,719.27,  and  in  1862-3, 
$1,083,051.05. 

The  great  iron  bridge  that  connects  the  Iowa  lines  with  those  in  Illinois,  was  begun 
in  1864.  The  Union  Pacific  Railway  was  also  commenced  at  Omaha  this  year,  and  by 
June,  1865,  100  miles  were  completed.  The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  was  completed 
in  1864  from  Sacramento  to  Clipper  Gap,  44  miles,  and  12  miles  further  by  September  1, 
1865.  The  total  mileage  of  the  roads  owned  by  the  G.  &  C.  U.  Co.  at  the  time  of  the 
consolidation  was  as  follows :  Chicago  to  Freeport,  121  miles;  Chicago  toClinton,138 
miles;  Beloit  Branch,  21  miles;  St.  Charles  &  Mississippi  Air  Line,  9  miles;  Elgin  to 
Richmond,  and  a  short  line  at  Elgin,  35  miles.  Total,  324  miles,  of  which  80  miles, 
Chicago  to  Turner  Junction,  (now  Junction)  was  really  double  track.  Its  leased  lines 
completed  were  Clinton,  la.  to  Cedar  Rapids,  82  miles,  (Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska 
Railroad);  Cedar  Rapids  to  Nevada,  122  miles,  (Cedar  Rapids  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road); and  Beloit  to  Madison,  47  miles,  (Beloit  &  Madison  Railroad.)  Total  leased 
lines  then  finished,  251  miles. 

THE   CONSOLIDATION. 

'•  The  long-continued,  unwise  and  injurious  competition  which  existed  between 
the  Galena  &  Chicago  Union  Railroad  and  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Com- 
panies, at  their  several  points  of  contact,  and  which  seemed  to  be  chronic  and  not 
likely  to  terminate,  and  which  induced  the  companies  to  give  much  of  their  time  and 
•attention  to  the  control  or  construction  of  inferior,  rival  and  illegitimate  lines,  naturally 
gave  rise  to  proposals  for  the  consolidation  of  these  lines,  as  the  only  certain  and  per- 
manent remedy  for  loss  of  earnings  and  increase  of  expenses,  resulting  from  the 
senseless,  but  apparently  unavoidable,  competition  which  existed."  The  stockholders 
consented  to  the  consolidation,  and  on  June  2,  1864,  it  was  virtually  effected  and  car- 
ried out;  and  on  February  15, 1865,  was  approved  and  ratified  by  legislative  enactments, 
and  the  new  corporation  was  named  The  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co. 
From  this  time  (October,  1865,)  forward,  we  have  to  deal  with  the  history  of  but  one 
company. 

About  this  time  the  Directory  of  the  Company,  to  secure  its  interests,  and  prevent 
its  falling  into  hostile  hands,  found  that  it  was  essential  to  obtain  control  of  a  line  from 
Chicago  to  Milwaukee,  and  The  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad  was  secured.  This  line, 
connecting  the  cities  of  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  was  commenced  at  each  end  at  about 
the  same  time,  but  under  two  corporations — The  Chicago  &  MilA'aukee  Railroad  Co., 
incorporated  February  17,  1851,  building  the  line  from  Chicago  to  the  State  Line,  45 
miles  ;  and  the  Milwaukee  &  Chicago  Railroad  Co.,  incorporated  March  12, 1851,  build- 
ing the  line  from  Milwaukee  to  State  Line,  40  miles.  Both  lines  were  completed  in 
1855,  and  run  in  connection  until  June  5,  1863,  when  they  were  consolidated,  under  the 
name  of  The  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad  Co.,  and  which  came  under  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co.,  by  perpetual  lease,  Ma}'  2,  1866. 
M.  L.  Svkes,  Jun.,  now  joined  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway.  This  year 
found  C.  S.  Tappan,  General  Freight  Agent,  and  B.  F.  Patrick,  General  Ticket  Agent. 

In  1866  the  Company  bought  out  the  Green  Bay  Transit  Company,  and  placed  two 
new  boats  on  the  bay  to  make  connection  between  Green  Bay  and  Escanaba. 


THE  NORTH  /AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  had,  up  to  15th  May,  1865,  completed  425  miles  of  their 
road.  In  1866,  the  northern  end  of  the  present  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad  was  completed  from  a  point  45  miles  south  of  Council  Bluffs,  and  con- 
nections made  with  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  at  Council  Bluffs.  The 
Sioux  City  branch  of  Union  Pacific  —  as  the  present  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad  was' 
then  called  —  was  commenced  this  year.  At  the  close  of  the  eighth  fiscal  year  of 
Chicago  &  North-  Western  Railway,  it  had  under  its  control,  by  absolute  ownership  or 
perpetual  lease,  1,152.4  miles. 

In  October,  1867,  this  Company  bought  of  D.  N.  Barney  &  Co.  their  interest  in  the 
Winona  and  St.  Peter  Railway  —  a  line  being  built  westwardly  from  Winona,  Minn., 
and  of  which  105  miles  were  built.  It  also  bought  of  the  same  parties  their  interest  in 
the  La  Crosse,  Trempealeau  &  Prescott  Railway  —  a  line  being  built  from  Winona  Junc- 
tion, three  miles  east  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  to  Winona,  Minn.  The  Omaha  &  California 
line  (Galena  &  Iowa  Division),  was  opened  to  Missouri  river,  opposite  Omaha,  in  April, 
1867.  The  ninth  fiscal  year  closed  with  the  Company  having  1,349.  7  miles  of  iron.*  The 
tenth  fiscal  year  of  the  Company  found  J.  C.  Qault,  General  Freight  Agent  and  Assist- 
ant General  Superintendent,  with  H.  P.  Stanwood  as  General  Ticket  Agent.  Henry 
Keep,  Esq.,  the  President  of  the  Company,  died  August,  1869.  Since  the  last  report 
was  printed  (1868)  the  Pacific  roads  were  completed,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railway  finished  to  Council  Bluffs;  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  was  also  com- 
pleted, and  connection  formed  with  it  at  St.  John's  (now  Missouri  Valley).  Total 
length  of  road,  1,156  miles.  Miles  of  iron,  including  side  tracks,  1,367.7.  With 
the  llth  fiscal  report,  (May  31,  1870),  we  find  J.  F.  Tracy,  President;  J.  C.  Gault, 
General  Superintendent,  and  C.  C.  Wheeler,  General  Freight  Agent.  That  year, 
(1869-70),  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railway  of  Iowa  was  finished  to  Council 
Bluffs,  and  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  was  completed  to  Janesville,  Minn.,  making  121 
miles  finished  from  Winona.  The  La  Crosse,  Trempealeau  &  Prescott  Railroad 
was  also  finished  this  year.  Total  mileage  of  finished  line,  1,186,  With  the  12th 
year,  (May  31,  1871),  we  have  J.  H.  'Howe,  General  Manager,  and  J.  C.  Gault,  General 
Superintendent.  In  this  term  the  Company  obtained  control  of  the  charter  of  the 
Baraboo  Air  Line  Railroad  —  a  line  projected  northward  from  Madison,  Wis.  ;  and 
after  consolidating  it  with  their  Beloit  &  Madison  R.  R.,  and  these  both  with  the 
Chicago  &  North-  Western  Railway,  which  began  the  work,  rapidly  pushed  the  line 
from  Madison  towards  Winona  Junction,  126  miles.  The  bridge  across  the  Mis- 
sissippi river  at  Winona  was  commenced.  The  Winona  and  St.  Peter  line  was  com- 
pleted to  St.  Peter,  140  miles  from  Winona;  and  a  charter  procured  for  the  Winona, 
Jtfankato  &  New  Ulm  Railroad,  under  which  the  Winona  %  St.  Peter  Railroad  Co. 
built  a  line  into  Mankato,  3|  mil'  s.  On  the  Galena  Division,  from  Geneva,  111.,  to 
St.  Charles,  111.,  the  Chicago  &  North-  Western  Railway  built  a  line,  2i  miles  long. 
Some  years  before  this,  The  Iowa  Central  Railroad  Company  was  incorporated  to  build 
a  line  westward  from  Lyons,  Iowa.  The  Iowa  Midland  Railway  Company  absorbed 
this  line,  and  this  year  it  was  taken  into  the  Chicago  &  North-  Western  Railway 
combination,  with  35  miles  of  rail  laid,  and  75  miles  of  track  graded.  Many  years 
before,  a  strap  rail  line  had  been  operated  north  of,  and  in  connection  with,  the  Elgin 
&  State  Line  Railway;  a  new  charter  was  now  procured,  under  which  The  State  Line 
&  Union  Railway  Co.  was  authorized  to  build  aline  from  the  Northern  line  of  Illinois, 
10  miles,  to  Lake  Geneva,  Wis.  The  line  was  finished,  and  operated  from  this  year. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  at  Green  Bay  the  old  Chicago  &  North-  Western  line 
terminated.  This  year  it  was  arranged  to  build  the  Menomonee  extension,  and  close 
the  gap  between  Green  Bay  and  Escanaba  —  some  120  miles  —  in  the  year.  Fifty-two 

*  This  fncliirtpfl  firtf-  frnr-lr 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


mli'es  were  put  under  contract  and  rapidly  built.  The  new  line  from  Madison  north  was 
opened  to  Lodi  this  year.  Total  mileage  of  road  reported,  1,223.8.  With  the 
report  of  the  13th  fiscal  year,  (May  31,  1872),  we  have  Albert  Keep,  President;  Marvin 
Eughitt,  General  Superintendent;  and  W.  A.  Thrall,  General  Ticket  Agent.  During  this 
year  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  line  was  finished,  and  (in  February,  1872,)  opened  to  New 
Vim,  Minn.  The  Iowa  Midland  was  finished  to  Anamosa  in  October,  1871.  The  Madison 
Division  was  opened  to  Reedsburg.  According  to  the  report  of  the  14th  fiscal  year, 
W.  H.  Stennett  was  General  Passenger  Agent;  and  this  year  64.6  miles  of  line  between 
Menomonee  and  Escanaba;  43.6  miles  of  Madison  extension;  Similes  of  Stan  wood 
&  Tipton  Railroad  (a  side  line  from  Stanwood,  on  Iowa  Division,  to  Tipton);  3  miles 
•Batavia,  111.,  Branch,  (from  Geneva  to  Batavia);  and  5  miles  of  track  connecting  the 
Wisconsin  and  Galena  Divisions  in  Chicago,  were  built  and  operated.  The  line  from 
Fort  Howard  (Greeu  Bay)  to  Escanaba  was  opened  in  December,  1872.  The  steamers 
on  Green  Bay  were  disposed  of,  and  through  trains  run  from  Chicago  to  Negaunee. 
February  25,  1871,  a  line  from  Milwaukee  northerly  to  Fond  du  Lac  was  incorporated, 
under  the  name  of  The  North- Western  Union  Railway  Co.  The  road  was  commenced 
in  1872,  and  in  1873  completed,  and  operated  by  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway 
Co.  The  length  of  line  is  63  miles ;  it  connects  the  Milwaukee  with  the  Wisconsin 
Division,  and  shortens  the  distance  between  Chicago  and  Fond  du  Lac  some  29  miles. 

The  West  Wisconsin  Railroad — a  line  running  from  Elroy  to  Hudson,  and  thence 
to  St.  Paul — was  completed,  and  arrangements  made  by  which  '..he  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway  were  enabled  to  compete  for  business  to  St.  Paul  and  beyond. 
This  new  through  line  is  known  as  The  Chicago,  Madison  &  St.  Paul  Line.  This  year 
240  acres  of  land,  five  miles  west  of  Wells  street  depot  in  Chicago,  were  bought,  for 
the  purpose  of  building  thereon  the  machine  and  car  shops  of  the  Company.  Total 
mileage  reported  this  year,  1,849.  With  the  report  of  the  15th  fiscal  year  (May, 
1874),  H.  H.  Porter  is  named  as  General  Manager.  The  Madison  extension  was  com- 
pleted to  Winona  Junction,  where  it  formed  connection  with  the  La  Crosse,  Trem- 
pealeau  &  Prescott  Railroad,  and  perfected  the  line  from  Chicago  to  Winona.  The 
Winona  and  St.  Peter  Railway  was  completed  to  Lake  Kampeska,  623  miles  from 
Chicago,  and  opened,  with  an  excursion,  on  September  17,  1873.  The  North- 
Western  Union  line  was  finished  between  Milwaukee  and  Fond  du  Lac,  and  opened 
on  September  7,  1873.  Total  miles  reported  in  operation,  1,992.  In  Illinois,  489  ; 
Iowa,  434 ;  Wisconsin,  566 ;  Michigan,  171  ;  Minnesota,  293,  and  Dakota,  39.  The 
general  office  building,  in  size,  60  x  200  feet,  on  Kit.zie,  between  Market  and  Franklin 
Streets,  Chicago,  was  built  this  year,  and  the  new  shops  at  Chicago  commenced. 
With  the  end  of  the  18th  fiscal  year  (May  31,  1875),  and  the  beginning  of  the  17th 
year,  the  Company  had  369  locomotives,  178  passenger  cars,  28  Pullman  drawing 
room  sleepers,  4  parlor  chair  day  coaches,  and  9,146  freight  and  other  cars.  In  the 
year  that  had  then  closed,  its  passenger  trains  had  run  2,491,956  miles,  and  its  freight 
trains  6,542,550  miles. 

We  have  thus  brought  the  history  of  the  line  down  to  the  present  day,  and  have 
shown  how  it  has  grown  to  its  present  enormous  proportions.  Thus,  then,  we  have 
answered  the  queries — "Where  is  it,  and  What  is  it  ?"  The  other  questions  are  more 
difficult  of  solution,  but  solved  they  can  be — What  can  it  do  for  you  ? 

THE  OMAHA  &  CALIFORNIA  LINE. 

The  portions  of  the  Company's  lines  that  are  used  in  a  trip  from  Chicago  to  Omaha, 
are  the  Galena  &  Iowa  Divisions,  the  building  of  which  we  have  before  referred  to. 
The  cities,  towns  and  villages  along  this  line  will  be  described  hereafter.  By  glancing 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


at  our  map  it  will  be  seen  that  this  route  passes  through  the  counties  of  Cook,  DuPage, 
Kane,  DeKalb,  Ogle,  Lee  and  Whiteside,  in  Illinois,  and  Clinton,  Cedar,  Linn.Benton, 
Tama,  Marshall,  Story,  Boone,  Green,  Carroll,  Crawford,  Shelby,  Harrison  and  Pot- 
tawatomie,  in  Iowa — counties  that  for  productiveness  of  soil  and  general  fertility, 
cannot  be  surpassed  anywhere.  Following  closely  along  the  forty-second  degree  of 
latitude,  this  line  is  far  enough  south  to  escape  the  rigors  of  a  real  northern  winter, 
with  its  accompanying  deep  snows,  and  is  yet  far  enough  north  to  escape  the  scorching 
and  blistering  suns  of  July  and  August,  that  burn  and  brown  the  counties  further  south. 
To  the  person  seeking  a  home  in  the  settled  part  of  the  West,  these  counties  offer  vast 
inducements,  good  land,  good  water,  plenty  of  timber,  and  a  health-giving  climate. 
Except  on  the  western  end  of  this  route,  the  land  is  mostly  all  settled,  and  is  well 
improved,  hence  is  held  at  rates  much  higher  than  is  asked  for  the  wild  lands  of  the 
farther  West.  West  of  Boone  county,  Iowa,  the  Iowa  Railroad  Land  Company  own 
large  bodies  of  very  fine  land  that  they  sell  at  prices  ranging  from  $5  to  $15  per  acre. 
The  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co.  has  not  any  lands  for  sale  in  Illinois,  nor 
in  Iowa. 

This  line  forms  junctions  with  other  railroads  in  Illinois  as  follows:  At  Junc- 
tion, with  branch  of  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy;  at  Cortland,  with  Cortland  & 
Sycamore;  at  Rochelle,  with  Chicago  &  Iowa  ;  at  Dixon,  with  Illinois  Central;  at 
Sterling,  with  Rockford  &  St.  Louis;  and  at  Fulton,  with  Western  Union.  In  Iowa 
the  junctions  are  at  Clinton,  with  Chicago,  Clinton  &  Dubuque;  at  De  Witt  and 
Wheatland,  with  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul ;  at  Stanwood,  with  Stanwood  &  Tip- 
ton  ;  at  Cedar  Rapids,  with  Dubuque  Southwestern,  and  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
&  Minnesota;  at  Tama,  with  Toledo  &  North- Western;  at  Marshalltown,  with  Central 
Railroad  of  Iowa;  at  Ames,  with  DesMoines  &  Minnesota;  at  Grand  Junction,  with 
Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge;  at  Missouri  Valley,  with  Sioux  £ity  &  Pacific;  at  Coun- 
cil Bluffs,  with  Kansas  City,  St.  Joe  and  Council  Bluffs;  and  at  Omaha,  with  the 
Union  Pacific,  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River,  and  the  Omaha  &  North- Western. 
These  numerous  connecting  lines  give  to  this  great  route  facilities  for  reaching  all 
parts  of  the  country  north,  south  and  west  of  its  own  line.  With  all  of  these  lines 
friendly  relations  exist,  and  over  them  we  daily  send  and  receive  both  passengers  and 
freight.  From  our  ticketing  stations,  and  from  all  prominent  ticket  agencies  in  all 
parts  of  the  country,  through  coupon  tickets  over  our  line  and  via  the  junctions 
above  named,  can  be  procured  to  nearly  all  the  stations  on  the  roads  above  named. 
It  may  not  be  unprofitable  to  say  here  that  if  you  are  going  to  Galena,  Dubuque, 
Prairie  du  Chien,  La  Crosse,  Waterloo,  Austin,  Mason  City,  Des  Moines,  Ackley, 
Fort  Dodge,  Sioux  City,  Yankton,  Blair  or  Wisner,  your  interests  will  be  best  served 
by  using  this  line  of  The  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway.  If  Council  Bluffs  or 
Omaha  is  your  destination,  you  should  certainly  choose  this  route,  as  it  is  the  shortest 
and  hence  the  quickest,  and  is  by  all  odds  the  most  pleasant,  as  far  as  the  country  it 
passes  through,  or  as  to  its  equipment  of  cars,  coaches,  Pullman  Drawing-room  Sleep- 
ers, (and  here  we  will  say  that  this  is  the  only  line  running  Pullman  Drawing-room  cars 
in  which  ladies  and  children  can  be  isolated  and  free  from  the  annoyance  of  having 
other  passengers  in  the  same  compartment  between  Chicago  and  Omaha.  This  is  an 
important  fact  to  be  remembered. by  those  who  desire  drawing  rooms  in  sleeping  cars.) 
This  line  is  of  steel  rail,  was  the  first  to  reach  Council  Bluffs  and  Omaha  from  Chi- 
cago, and  the  first  to  contract  passengers  and  freight  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Lincoln,  Neb.,  Cheyenne,  Wy.,  Denver,  Col.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  Carson 
and  Virginia  City,  Nev.,  Sacramento,  The  Yo  Semite,  The  Geysers,  The  Big  Tree 
Groves,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Portland,  Ore.,  and  all  points  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  as 
well  as  the  ports  of  the  Pacific,  such  as  Yokohama  and  Nagasaki,  in  Japan,  Hong 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


Kong  and  Shanghai,  in  China,  Melbourne,  Adelaide  and  Sidney,  in  Australia,  and 
Auckland,  in  New  Zealand,  are  all  reached  by  passing  over  this  line,  and  iu  all  these 
places  this  Company  sustains  some  form  of  agency,  at  which  the  public  can  always 
get  full  and  reliable  information,  by  simply  applying  for  it.  No  preconceived  notions, 
the  stories  of  pretended  travelers,  or  the  paid  emissaries  of  hostile  lines,  should  be 
allowed  to  divert  your  attention  from  this  line  if  you  propose  to  travel  between  the 
East  and  the  "West. 

At  our  Pacific  Coast  Agency,  121  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  at  all 
times  can  be  found  gentlemen  in  the  employ  of  this  Company  who  are  fully  com- 
petent and  willing  to  render  Trans-Continental  travelers  any  assistance  or  information 
they  may  desire.  At  our  General  Eastern  Agency,  415  Broadway,  New  York  City, 
and  at  our  New  England  Agency,  5  State  Street,  Boston,  Mass.,  as  well  as  at  all  the 
leading  Ticket  Agencies  in  the  East  and  West,  full  and  reliable  information  can  be 
procured  by  simply  asking  for  it. 


ON    THE    ROUTE   WESTWARD. 

VIA    THE  GALENA  DIVISION. 

Leaving  Chicago,  from  the  Wells  Street  depot  of  The  Chicago  &  North- Western 
Railway,  and  running  through  Cook  and  DuPage  counties,  and  almost  to  the  east  line 
of  Kane  county,  to  Junction,  (Turner  Junction),  you  pass  through  a  succession  of 
towns  and  villages  that  are  not  improperly  called  suburban  to  Chicago,  for  the  larger 
proportion  of  their  citizens  are  engaged  in  business  in  Chicago,  while  having  their 
homes  at  these  stations.  To  all  of  them  "  Commutation  "  tickets  are  sold,  and  sub- 
urban trains  are  run  almost  hourly  each  day.  Below  will  be  found  the  rates  of  fare 
charged  (April  1 5, 1876)  to  these  points,  and  to  a  few  points  beyond  that  are  also  reached 
by  suburban  trains : 


j 

BETWEEN 

OZHHa^Gr-O 

A*D« 

? 
f 
in 

1 
H 

h 

o~" 

30  Ride9,FamlIv  Ticket, 
good  for  4  Montbl. 

1 
.£ 
•3 
a 

2-J 

wji 

^ 

Number  Months  100  Ride 
Ticketl  are  good. 

Annual  Ticket. 

N 

1 
£ 

K 

I 
|| 

4  6 

West  40th  Street  

.15 

1  20 

2.80 

6  50 

3 

8800 

2300 

1800 

5  6 

West  48th  Street  

20 

1  SO 

840 

7  20 

3 

4200 

25  00 

6  7 

25 

1  80 

400 

7.20 

3 

48  00 

29  00 

7  7 

litdgeland  

28 

205 

4  30 

9  30 

3 

55  00 

83  00 

8  6 

Oak  Park  

.80 

280 

520 

ll  00 

3 

6000 

86  00 

2700 

9  8 

Klver  Forest  

.35 

260 

590 

12  50 

4 

65  00 

89  00 

10  4 

88 

2  75 

6  30 

13  00 

68  00 

11  4 

Meirose  

40 

805 

6  85 

14  25 

4 

71  50 

42  SO 

82  50 

15  8 

55 

420 

950 

18  00 

75  00 

45  00 

20  0 

70 

5  80 

1200 

21  50 

80  00 

48  00 

22.5 
24  9 

Prospect  Park  
Wheaton  

.80 
85 

5.95 
6  60 

18.50 
1500 

23.50 
24  90 

4 
4 

85.00 
9000 

51.00 
54  00 

88.00 
41  00 

27  5 

Wlnfleld  

.95 

7  30 

16  50 

27  50 

4 

95  00 

5700 

43  00 

80  0 

105 

7  95 

1800 

8000 

4 

100  00 

6000 

85.5 

Geneva  

1.25 

9.40 

21.30 

85.50 

5 

110.00 

66.00 

50.00 

88.0 

St.  Charles.  .  .  ,               

1.25 

9.40 

21.80 

85.50 

5 

11000 

6600 

50  00 

88  0 

Batavla  

1.30 

9.40 

21.80 

85.50 

5 

11000 

6600 

5000 

85  8 

Wayne  

1.15 

9.35 

21.20 

84.00 

5 

89.2 

Cllntonville  

1.20 

9.80 

21.50 

84.50 

5 

42.5 

Elgin  

1.25 

9.85 

21.60 

85.00 

6 

52.8 

Algonquin  

1.60 

13.25 

8000 

sun 

6 
6 

In  many  of  these  points  more  or  less  manufacturing  is  carried  on,  but  in  the  larger 
part  of  them  vary  little  business  is  done,  and  they  may  be  called  residence  towns. 


10 


THE   NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


After  leaving  the  last  "  city"  station  you  reach 


Austin,  7  miles  from  Chicago,  pop.  1,500. 

Rldgeland,  8  miles  from  Chicago,  pop.  200. 

Oak  Park,  9  miles  from  Chicago,  pop.  3  000. 

River  Forest,  9J  miles  from  Chicago;  a  new 
"suburban  "  station. 

Maywood,  10  miles  from  Chicago.  A  pleasant 
village  of  1,000  people  qn  the  Desplaines  river. 
The  town  is  locate.l  on  ground  30  feet  above  the 
river,  and  70  feet  above  Lake  Michigan.  It  was 
laid  out  in  1869,  and  now  has  over  300  residences  in 
it.  It  has  a  good  hotel,  four  public  schools,  five 
churches,  and  a  fine  public  hall,  in  which  are  held 
the  meetings  of  the  Maywood  Library  Association. 
No  spirituous  liquors  are  allowed  to  be  sold  in  or 
within  one  mile  of  the  town.  A  fine  rock  road  runs 
through  the  village  and  to  Chicago. 

Melrose,  11  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  new 
station. 

Klinhurst,  16  miles  from  Chicago.  This  place 
was  until  recently  called  Cottage  Hill,  and  in  the 
old  "  stage  days  "  was  a  station  on  the  route  to  the 
Galena  Lead  Mines,  and  to  the  Mississippi  river. 
It  stands  on  high  rolling  prairie,  106  feet  above 
Lake  Michigan,  and  is  one  of  the  best  and  easiest 
drained  towns  near  Chicago,  thus  having  secured 
to  it  for  all  time  one  of  the  most  important  ele- 
ments conducive  of  public  health.  It  has  several 
good  public  graded  schools,  and  some  well  con- 
ducted and  prosperous  private  schools.  The  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  has  a  college  under  the 
presidency  of  the  Rev.  P.  F.  Mensch  located  here. 
It  has  three  churches.  Its  streets  and  avenues  are 
well  graded,  and  range  in  width  from  80  to  100  feet. 
Population  about  750.  Add'tson,  a  town  of  500 
people,  and  the  seat  of  a  Lutheran  College  having 
200  students,  is  3  miles  north,  and  is  tributary  to 
and  reached  by  stage  daily  f i  om  Elmhurst. 

Lombard,  20  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  pretty 
village  of  500  people.  It  has  one  public  school,  one 
church,  and  a  public  hall  that  cost  $2,000. 

Prospect  Park,  23  miles  from  Chicago,  is  emi- 
nently a  suburban  town.  It  has  one  public  (High) 
school,  and  one  hotel  kept  by  John  Groof,  and  at' 
$1.50  per  day  or  $4  per  week,  can  accommodate  100 
guests.  Population  about  500. 

Wheaton,  24  miles  from  Chicago.  A  thriving 
village  of  1,500  people,  (county  seat  of  Du  Page 
county,  county  orgmized  1839,  population  19,000) 
situated  on  high  rolling  prairie,  surroumlpcl  by  a 
fine  farming  and  grazing  country.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  good  graded  school,  and  the  court 
house  and  other  county  buildings.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Wheaton  College,  which  stands  on  elevated  ground 
on  the  north  side  of  the  railroad,  has  200  stu- 
dents, is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  amongst 
the  educational  institutions  of  the  West,  holds  no 
second  place. 

Winfleld,  28  miles  from  Chicago — formerly 
called  Fredericksburg— is  a  thrifty  suburban 
village  of  400  people.  It  is  growing,  and  is  in 
every  way  a  desirable  home  for  the  tired  business 
man. 

Junction,  30  miles  from  Chicago,  and  at  the 
west  end  of  the  double  track  of  the  Galena 
Division.  The  corporate  name  of  the  village  and 
the  official  name  of  the  Post  Office  is  Turner, 


named  for  J.  B.  Tamer,  who  laid  out  the  first  town 
plat  in  1856.  It  has  a  population  of  1,500,  four 
churches,  one  good  public,  school,  occupying  a 
brick  house  that  cost  $25,000,  and  three  hotels— 
The  Junction  House,  The  Turner  House,  and  the 
Railroad  House,  charging  $2  per  day  for  very  excel- 
lent accommodations.  This  line  of  railroad  reached 
"  The  Junction  "  in  1849,  and  for  months  thereafter 
the  farmers  of  this  part  of  Du  Page  county  were 
prophesying  that  the  road  must  become  bankrupt, 
for  "  it  can  never  compete  with  Frink  &  Walker's 
line  of  stages.  It  will  take  but  a  few  months  to 
demonstrate  that  the  scheme  must  fail."  So  they 
argued  and  so  they  believed. 

From  this  point  "  The  Freeport  Line  "  and  "  The 
Fox  River  Branch  "  of  the  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.  diverge 
northwardly,  and  from  here  is  a  short  line  of  rail- 
road that  runs  southwardly  to  Aurora.  At  Junction 
the  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.  Co.  has  a  repair  shop  and  a 
mill  for  re-rolling  and  repairing  iron  and  steel  rails 

(ieneva,  36  miles  from  Chicago.  We  have  now 
passed  out  of  Du  Page  and  into  Kane  county.  This 
county  was  first  settled  by  Col.  N.  Lyon,  in  June, 
1833,  while  the  Pottawatomie  Indians  still  held 
possession  of  the  land,  (they  were  removed  in  1835 
by  Cap;.  C.  B.  Dodson),  and  the  Colonel  is  still  a 
citizen  of  the  county.  The  county  was  organized 
i:  183C;  the  first  church  and  Sunday  school  started, 
(at  B  itavia),  '"n;.  the  first  post  office  established  (at 
Harrington"  1'ord,  now  La  Fox)  in  1835.  The  first 
court  in  t  .  county  was  held  in  a  log  house  (also 
uscl  as  church  and  school  house  for  years)  on  the 
bank  of  Fox  river,  in  the  homestead  of  the  Har- 
rington family,  who  are  still  residing  there,  and 
are  amongst  the  leading  and  most  respected  citizens 
of  the  county.  The  present  population  of  the 
county  is  not  far  from  50,000.  Geneva,  the  county 
seat,  is  built  on  terraces  on  both  sides  of  Fox  river, 
which  is  well  stocked  with  black  bass,  pickerel, 
pike,  sun,  and  other  fish.*  It  has  over  2,000 popula- 
tion, seven  churches,  a  school  house  built  of  cut 
stone,  costing  $25,000,  and  accommodating  500 
pupils;  two  flour  mills,  one  machine  shop,  employ- 
ing over  100  men;  jute,  cheese  and  butter  factories, 
and  some  other  manufacturing  interests.  Its  best 
hotel  is  The  Union  House,  which  can  accommodate 
100  guests  at  $2  per  day.  Its  public  hall  will  seat 
500  persons,  and  its  court  house,  which  is  of  brick, 
and  was  built  in  1856,  cost  $60,000. 

The  surrounding  country  is  rolling,  and  is  about 
equally  divided  between  "prairie"  and  "timber." 
The  county  affords  fine  shooting  in  season.  Prai- 
rie chickens,  quail,  woodcock,  partridge,  and  other 
game  aoound.*  Nelson's  Lake,  Johnson's  Mound, 
and  Harrington' '«  Island  are  popular  resorts  from 
1  to  7  miles  from  the  village. 

St.  Charles,  38  miles  from  Chicago.  While  not 
directly  on  the  Omaha  and  California  Line  of  this 
road,  it  is  so  near,  and  the  branch  line  reaching  it 

*  In  giving  the  names  of  birds  and  fishes  that  are 
found  along  this  line,  we  would  explain  that  the 
names  given  are  "Jocal,"  and  are  not  scientifically 
correct.  For  instance,  the  text  may  say  '-part- 
ridge," "pheasant,"  and  "grouse,"  while  the  birds 
are  really  quail,  ruffled  and  pinnated  grouse.  The 
"  local "  names  are  those  given  by  our  agents,  or 
by  hunters  and  fishermen  of  the  vicinity. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


11 


is  go  short,  that  we  give  its  description,  as  we  do 
that  of  Batavia,  which  is  similarly  siiuated  in  con- 
nection with  the  route  now  under  advisement. 
From  Geneva  tw  o  s-hort  lines  of  road  are  owned  by 
this  Company;  the  one  runs  from  Geneva  north  2)tf 
miles  to  St.  Charles,  and  the  other  runs  south  2 
miles  to  Batavia.  They  are  operated  as  the  Batavia 
and  St.  Charles  Branches.  St.  Charles,  with  a  popu- 
lation of  over  3,000,  is  situate  on  both  sides  of  Fox 
river  and  is  pictnresqnely  located  on  the  gently  ris- 
ini:  1  anks  or  bluffs  of  the  stream.  It  has  two  good 
schools,  with  200  students;  six  churches;  a  paprr 
mill,  manufacturing  1,500,000  Ibs.  yearly;  a  cheese 
factory,  making  600,000  Ibs.  yearly;  a  foundry,  em- 
ploying GO  men.  and  several  flour  mills.  The  Ma- 
lory  House  is  kept  by  D.  B.  Malory,  who  charges 
$1.50  per  day.  The  town  was  first  settled  in  1833, 
and  the  first  newspaper  published  in  Kane  county 
(Thj  Patriot),  was  started  here  in  1841.  This  is 
the  home  of  Hon.  John  F.  Furnsworth,  one  of  Illi- 
nois' best  known  congressmen. 

Uata  via ,  39  miles  from  Chicago.  (See  St. Charles 
for  railroad  connection. )  This  villas  e  has  over  4,000 
population  ;  is  located  on  both  sides  of  Fox  river, 
which  ia  here  spanned  by  several  fine  bridges.  The 
bluffs  or  banks  of  the  river  are  of  limestone,  and 
>ve  the  water  from  30  to  50  feet ;  they  fur- 
nish \  ery  excellent  building  stone,  which  is  largely 
used.  :;nd  in  the  quarrying  of  which  from  300  to  400 
men  11  d  constant  employment  In  the  village  are 
many  good  schools  and  ten  churches.  The  Ellis 

House,  by ,  and  The  Revere,  by  C.  E.  Smith, 

at  $2  JUT  day,  furnish  ample  and  gojd  hotel  accom- 
modat  ion.-.  Here  is  located  the  United  States  Wind- 
mill Co.,  employing  100  men,  and  manufacturing 
Halladay's  windmills  and  iron  pumps,  to  the  value 
of  $250,000  yearly;  the  Challenge  Mill  Co.,  making 
Nicholls'  windmills  and  Burr's  patent  feed  grinder; 
the  Newton  Wagon  Co.,  employing  100  men,  and 
makiii1.'  1,400  farm  and  300  road  wagons  yearly;  the 
P.  K.  Sperry  &  Co.  Manufacturing  Co.,  employing 
60  men,  and  making  stoves,  caldrons,  feed  boiler?, 
etc.;  to  the  value  of  $100,000  yearly.  Osgood  & 
Shumway  employ  here  30  men  in  making  mill  casi-^ 
ings  and.  the  iron  work  for  school  furniture. 

La  Fox.  41  miles  from  Chicago,  a 'village  of 
150  people,  is  situated  on  a  well-watered,  produc- 
tire,  rolling  prairie,  and  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  dairy 
county.  It  has  a  cheese  factory,  turning  out  100,000 
Ibs.  year'y.  The  cheese  from  this  factory  finds  a 
market  west  of  the  Missouri  river. 

Blackberry,  44  miles  from  Chicago,  Is  on  Fox 
river,  and  has  a  population  of  400.  Is  on  ground  so 
high,  that  Batavia,  St.  Charles,  Geneva,  and  many 
other  villages  and  a  large  expanse  of  country  can  be 
seen  from  its  streets.  This  village  is  also  in  the 
"  Dairy  County"  of  the  Fox  river  valley,  and  is 
noted  for  its  cheese  and  butter.  It  has  a  good  ho- 
tel, The  Hurd  House,  by  J.  O.  Hurd,  who  can  ac- 
commodate 40  guests,  at  $1.50  per  day;  one  good 
graded  public  school,  four  churches,  and 'one  Hour 
mill.  Kanev'Me.  6  miles  distant,  is  tributary  to  this 
station,  and  is  reached  duily  by  B.  Cary's  stage  line. 
Fare,  50  cents. 

Locli,  51  miles  from  Chicago;  has  population  of 
600;  has  one  school  and  four  churches.  Th  •  tirsr 
justice  of  the  peace  in  Kane  county  lived  ui.d  still 
lives  here. 


Curl  land,  55  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village 
is  in  De  Kalb  county,  4;  j  miles  from  Sycamore,  the 
county  seat,  which  is  reached  from  Cortland  by  the 
Cortland  &  Sycamore  Railway,  a  railway  lineowned 
by  the  enterprising  citizens  of  Sycamore.  (See 
Sycamore.)  Cortland  is  on  a  high,  rolling  prairie, 
has  900  population,  one  graded  school,  one  churcht 
one  flour  mill,  run  by  steam,  and  ono  hotel,  kept  by 
B.  B.  Parkhurst,  who  charges  $2  per  day. 

Sycamore,  59^  miles  from  Chicago,  is,  by  rail, 
reached  only  via  Coitland.  Sycamore  is  located 
upon  an  elevated  prairie,  near  the  Kishwaukee 
river,  and  is  the  county  seat  of  De  Kalb  county, 
Illinois.  Laid  out  aud  platted  in  1839  ;  chartered 
as  a  village  in  1857  ;  obtained  a  city  charter  from 
the  Legislature  in  April,  18b9.  Population,  4,000. 
Distant  from  Chicago  59#  miles,  and  the  north- 
ern terminus  of  the  SYCAMORE,  COETLAND  &  CHI- 
CAGO RAILROAD.  The  streets  are  wide,  laid  out 
at  right  angles,  aud  lined  with  forest  and  ever- 
green trees  upon  either  side,  giving  the  city  an 
appearance  of.  a  forest.  No  pains  have  been  spared 
to  beautify  the  grounds  and  yards  of  private  resi- 
dences with  evergreens  and  other  ornamental 
shrubbery.  The  business  portion  of  the  cily  Is 
|  compact.  The  city  graded  sch/ool  house  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  capable 
of  seating 800  scholar-.  ')  he  court  house  is  located 
in  the  centre  of  the  public  park,  containing  about 
four  acres,  beautifully  la  d  out  and  ornamented  with 
forest  maples  and  elms.  The  city  is  becoming  quite 
a  manufacturing  centre — the  Marsh  harvester  shop 
employing  300  workmen;  the  R.  Ellwood  Manu- 
facturing Co.  have  just  completed  their  shop,  and 
are  woiking  125  men,  making  the  R.  Ellwood  com- 
bined riding  and  walking  corn  cultivator;  its  force 
will  be  greatly  increased  the  coming  season.  A 
large  and  extensive  planing  mill,  was  erected  the 
past  season.  In  the  city  is  a  flux  mill,  making  from 
two  to  three  tons  of  tow  per  day;  an  extensive 
cheese  factory:  the  Winn  Hotel,  (built  the  past  sea- 
son), a  large,  four-story  brick  building,  complete 
in  all  its  apartments  ;  eight  fine  churches,  four 
weekly  newspapers,  two  monthly  publications,  one 
flour  mill,  one  national  and  two  private  banks,  one. 
public  hall,  three  grain  elevators,  and  an  improved 
syetein  of  water  works,  operated  by  steam.  The 
surrounding  country  is  a  beautiful  prairie,  sur- 
passed for  richness  of  soil  and  adaptation  to  farm- 
i  ing  purposes  by  no  section  of  the  State,  being  upon 
I  an  elevated  ridge,  midway  between  the  Rock  and 
Fox  rivers.  The  city  is  noted  for  its  steady  growth 
and  wealth,  the  energy  of  its  business  men,  the  vast 
amount  of  business  done,  and  its  general  thrift  and 
prosperity.  The  SYCAMORE,  CORTLAND  &  CHICAGO 
RAILROAD  has  running,  arrangements  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Chicigo  &  North-Western  Railway 
Co.,  connecting  at  Cortland  Station. 

De  Kalb,  58  mile?  from  Chicago,  pop.  2,000, 
is  located  in  the  centre  of  a  large  prairie,  and 
is  an  active,  go-ahead  towrt,  enjoying  a  large  trade 
with  the  surrounding  country,  which  issetiled  by 
wealthy  farmers.  The  town  has  cheese  factories, 
two  "Barbed  Wire  Fence"  factories,  employing 
over  200  men,  (this  barbed  wire  fence  is  "  something 
new  under  the  sun,"  and  consists  of  wire  twisted 
tou'niiier  and  guarded  by  pointed  wire  prongs  or 
"  barbs"  that  serve  as  protection  from  injury  by 


12 


THB  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


cattle),  five  churches,  one  public  school,  and  two 
hotels— The  Central  House,  by  S.  D.  Burt,  and  The 
Eagle,  by  F.  Scripton. 

Malta,  64  miles  from  Chicago.  It  has  a  popula- 
tion of  600,  one  school  house  that  cost  $5,000, 
three  churches,  and  The  Scofield  House,  a  very  fair 
hotel,  by  William  Scofleld. 

Creston,  70  miles  from  Chicago.  We  now  pass 
into  Ogle  county.  The  village  was  formerly  called 
Dement,  after  Col.  John  Dement,  one  of  the  oldest 
settlers  of  Northern  Illinois.  It  has  a  school  house 
that  cost  in  1869,  $10,000,  two  churches,  two  grain 
elevators,  one  newspaper,  The  Times,  edited  by 
H.  C.  Bobbins,  and  two  hotels.  The  village  was 
laid  out  in  1857,  and  was  incorporated  in  1867.  The 
first  settler  in  this  part  of  the  county  was  Thomas 
Smith,  (Uncle  Tommy),  who  for  years  was  station 
agent,  postmaster,  justice  of  the  peace,  and  hotel- 
keeper.  The  present  station  agent  has  held  his 
place  for  17  years.  Population,  600. 

Roclielle,  75  miles  from  Chicago.  This  town 
is  in  Ogle  county,  15  miles  from  Oregon,  its  couuty 
seat,  which  is  reached  by  the  CHICAGO  &  IOWA  R'Y, 
a  line  that  runs  from  Rochelle  to  Forreston.  Ogle 
county  was  organized  in  1836;  at  its  first  election 
in  1837,  only  190  votes  were  cast.  The  first  wedding 
in  the  county  was  in  1833;  the  first  birth  in  1834;  the 
first  school  opened  and  the  first  wheat  grown  in 
1834;  the  first  post  office  established  in  1835,  and  the 
first  mill  built  in  1836.  Population,  28,000.  Rochelle 
(formerly  Lane,  named  after  Dr.  Lane  of  Rockf ord) 
was  first  settled  in  1853.  Population,  about  2,000. 
It  has  wide,  well  graded  and  paved  streets,  many 
fine  business  blocks,  six  churches,  several  good 
schools,  one  occupying  a  building  that  cost  $10,000, 
and  that  accommodates  300  pupils.  Considerable 
manufacturing  is  carried  on.  Coal  is  plenty  and 
cheap.  Its  hotels  are  The  Rochelle  House,  by 
D.  J.  Davis,  and  The  Simpson,  by  A.  Simpson. 
The  CHICAGO  &  IOWA  R'Y  runs  nearly  northwest 
from  Rochelle,  and  offers  its  merchants  facilities 
for  controlling  the  business  of  the  county  east  of 
the  ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  LINE.  It  is  probably  need- 
less to  say  that  to  reach  Rochelle  you  should  travel 
via  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway. 

Flags,  79  miles  from  Chicago,  is  an  unimportant 
station  %  of  a  mile  from  Kite  river,  that  offers  fair 
fishing".  On  its  banks  quail  and  prairie  chicken  are 
found  in  large  numbers.  Flagg  has  one  grain 
elevator. 

Ashton,  84  miles  from  Chicago.  Crossing  the 
county  line  we  find  this  station  in  Lee  county.  This 
part  of  the  county  was  the  scene  of  many  thrilling 
and  interesting  incidents  connected  with  the 
"  Black  Hawk  War,"  and  here  Nada-chusa-sed,  as 
the  Winnebago  Indians  called  Col.  John  Dixon, 
acted  the  part  of  the  f  rieud  and  protector  to  Indian 
and  white  man  many  ye:irs  before  the  city  that  now 
bears  his  name  was  thought  of.  In  this  vicinity 
are  six  large  stone  quarries,  from  which  much  fine 
building  stone  is  being  constantly  shipped.  The 
village  has  a  population  of  900,  and  has  one  good 
school,  three  churches,  thirty-six  business  houses, 
and.  two  hotels — The  Acaerican  House,  kept  by 
\V.  B.  Welton,  and  The  Ashton  House,  by  E.  H. 
Stoddart,  each  accommodating  75  guests  at  $1.50 
prr  day. 

Franklin,  88  miles  from  Chicago.    This  station 


is  located  in,  one  of  the  most  fertile  portions  of 
Lee  county.  Originally  a  naked  prairie,  it  is  now 
dotted  all  over  with  groves  and  belts  of  timber  so 
that  hardly  a  farm  can  be  found  that  is  not  well 
supplied  with  wood  grown  on  the  ground.  When 
first  settled  the  only  timber  near  was  the  grove 
from  which  the  station  takes  its  name.  The  village 
has  900  people,  oue  school  with  four  teachers,  three 
churches,  one  flour  mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
agricultural  implements  making  a  specialty  of 
Emmert's  seed  drills.  A.  R.  Whitney's  mammoth 
fruit  tree  nursery  and  cider  wine  manufactory 
adjoin  the  village.  The  hotels  are  The  Hughes 
House,  by  J.  Hughes,  30  rooms,  and  The  Franklin 
House,  by  Gideon  Williams,  18  rooms,  at  $1  per  day. 
Lee  Center,  6  miles  south,  and  Taylor,  6  miles 
north,  are  villages  tributary  to  Franklin. 

Nachusa,  93  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village 
was  named  after  one  of  the  Indian  names  used  to 
designate  Col.  John  Dixon,  (the  word  Nachusa 
/meaning  "  White  Head  "),  who  was  the  first  white 
settler  in  the  county.  The  population  of  this  village 
numbers  about  300.  Grape  vines  are  largely  culti- 
vated in  this  vicinity.  Col.  Dysart  (late  of  the  34th 
Illinois  Infantry  of  the  "War  of  the  Rebellion") 
cultivates  over  60  acres  within  half  a  mile  of  the 
station.  White  Mock,  a  popular  picnic  and  fishing 
resort,  is  4  miles  north,  and  is  much  frequented  by 
parties  from  all  portions  of  the  State.  The  rock  is 
a  noted  landmark,  rising  as  it  does  60  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  water  of  Rock  river,  and  above  'l"j,T 
surrounding  prairie. 

Dixon,  98  miles  from  Chicago.  Dixon  is  the 
county  seat  of  Lee  county.  This  county  was 
orgariized  in  1839,  has  22  townships,  and  a  popula- 
tion of  over  32,000  souls.  Col.  John  Dixon,  wlic- 
yet  lives  (aged  91  years)  in  the  suburbs  of  the 
ciiy  that  was  named  after  him,  was  the  first  white 
settler,  coming  here  in  1830,  when  the  Indians  held 
all  this  fertile  valley.  Col.  Dixon  found  Ogee,  a 
half-breed,  occupying  a  log  cabin  on  the  river's 
bank  at  a  point  afterwards  known  as  Dixou's  Ferry, 
and  now  known  as  the  city  of  Dixon.  Buying 
this  cabin,  Col.  Dixon  made  it  his  home,  and  here 
he  brought  -his  wife  in  1831.  She  was  the  first 
white  woman  who  saw  the  Rock  River  Valley.  The 
first  house  in  the  county  was  built  in  1832.  In 
1835  a  town  was  surveyed  at  Dixon's  Ferry.  In 
1837  the  county  contained  13  families.  In  1845  the 
river  was  dammed,  and  active  milling  operations 
began.  Since  that  time  the  city  of  Dixon,  with  ite 
6,000  people,  and  the  county  adjoining,  shows  what 
changes  have  taken  place.  Of  all  the  counties  in 
Illinois,  few  equal  Lee  in  productiveness  of  soil,  and 
none  surpass  it  in  beauty  of  surface  and  healthful- 
ness  of  climate.  This  western  Eden,  in  the  norther; 
portion  of  the  Rock  River  Valley,  has  lost  none  < 
those  attractions  which  famous  writers  have  ^ 
beautifully  delineated  in  both  prose  and  poetr 
Forty  years,  it  is  true,  have  worked  wonderf  > 
Changes.  Then  it  had  been  said  that  the  countr 
bore  the  character  of  one  that  had  been  inhabited 
by  a  people  skilled  in  all  the  ornamental  arts  of 
landscape  gardening.  Villages,  castles,  and  inclos- 
11  res  only  were  wanting;  everywhere  were  lawns, 
flowers  and  gardens,  and  stately  parks,  as  if  they 
had  been  scattered  by  the  hand  of  art  at  equal 
intervals,  with  frequent  deer  and  peaceful  cattle, 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


13 


yet  all  more  suggestive  of  man  than  of  nature. 
These  lovely  features  still  remain,  and  the  herd 
have  multiplied  a  thousand-fold.  The  villages  have 
sprung  up  as  it  were  in  a  day.  The  inclosures  have 
been  built,  the  stately  thickets  have  grown  to  lux- 
uriant forests,  and  what  was  then  a  paradise  to  the 
eye  has  become  the  fruitful  garden  of  the  world. 
Only  a  few  years  have  passed  since  "  Black  Hawk  " 
made  these  beautiful  regions  romantic  with  mem- 
ories of  Indian  warfare,  and  gave  to  the  "  Kock 
River  Valley  "  associations  like  those  of  "  the  dark 
and  bloody  ground "  of  Kentucky.  But  these 
events  have  almost  passed  out  of  recollection,  and 
the  traveler  as  he  whirls  over  the  country  in  a 
palatial  car,  is  no  longer  pointed  to  the  spot  where 
the  red  man  last  struggled  against  the  white 
usurper  for  the  home  of  his  fathers. 

The  city  of  Dixon  is  built  on  both  sides  of  Rock 
river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  two  handsome 
bridges.  Its  fine  water  power  is  utilized  by  many 
large  manufacturing  interests,  amongst  which  may 
be  named  a  sash,  blind  and  door  factory  employing 
12  men.  Dixon  city  mills  with  4  men,  foundry  and 


efficient  fire  department,  three  newspapers,  three 
large  and  fine  school  buildings  and  several  smaller 
ones,  and  the  Rock  River  University,  a  popular  and 
growing  college,  with  a  full  corps  of  thoroughly 
educated  professors.  The  business  portion  of  the 
city  is  built  on  the  sides  of  hills  sloping  towards 
the  river,  with  the  residence  portion  on  the  higher 
hills  beyond.  It  is  one  of  the  most  sightly  and 
enterprising  cities  in  the  West,  and  bids  fair  to 
attain  very  large  proportions.  Col.  John  Dement, 
who  made  a  national  reputation  in  the  "Black 
Hawk  War,"  still  has  his  home  here. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Dixon  are  many  attractive  re- 
Borts  and  much  picturesque  scenery,  a  portion  of 
which  we  illustrate.  A  small  steamer  runs  between 
Dixon  and  Grand  De  Tour,  12  miles,  and  passes 
•  en  route  many  islands  and  picturesque  points'  of 
'  interest.  Visitors  to  Dixon  will  be  amply  paid  by 
taking  a  trip  on  the  river  and  spending  several 
days  in  its  vicinity.  The  river  provides  ample 
fishing  grounds,  and  the  fisherman  will  be  abun- 
dantly repaid  by  angling  in  its  waters.  Game 
abounds,  the  golden  plover,  upland  plover,  the 


Dixon,  III.— On  the  Rock  River. 


machine  shops  with  16  men,  Bennett,  Thompson  & 
Funk's  mill  with  12  men,  Baker  &  Underwood  42 
men,  a  flax  and  bagging  factory  80  men,  The  Grand 
De  Tour  Plow  Works  70  men,  Vann  &  Mean's 
carriage  factory,  15  men,  Adams  &  Davis  20  men,  a 
woolen  mill  10  men,  a  wind  mill  and  pump  shop  12 
men,  and  Orvis  &  Co.  plow  works  75  men.  Over 
$600,000  are  here  invested  in  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments,ODerating  over  500  men;  and  paying  out  in 
wages  over  $20,000  monthly.  Yet  with  all  of  these 
factories  hi  active  operation,  less  than  oae-sixth  of 
the  water  power  is  used.  Large  quantities  of  1  ime  of 
a  superior  quality  is  made  here.  The  city  is  well 
supplied  with  hotels,  of  which  the  following  are  the 
best— The  Nachusa  House,  by  Major  Cheney,  for 
150  guests;  The  Railroad  House,  by  Person  Cheney, 
with  rooms  for  100  guests,  and  a  dining  room  that 
can  seat  ii  ID  passengers  at  the  dining  tables  that  are 
so  largely  patronized  by  the  through  passengers  of 
the  great  California  route,  at  least  two  through 
trains  dining  here  daily;  The  City  Hotel,  by  Ludwig 
Baker ;  The  Washington ,  by  M .  Remers ;  and  The  Re- 
vere by  Mr.  Huntley.  In  the  city  are  seven  churches, 
two  national  banks,  three  public  halls,  the  city  and 
county  bnilding,  ample  gas  works,  an  active  and 


English,  or  jack  snipe  and  woodcock  being  espe- 
cially plentiful. 

At  Dixon  we  cross  the  Northern  Division  of  the 
ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD,  and  by  this  road 
passengers  can  reach  Polo,  Forreston,  Lena,  JVora, 
Warren,  Galena  and  Dubuque  and  Mineral  Point, 
Ualamlne  and  Plattville  north,  as  well  as  Amboy, 
La  Salle,  Wenona,  Minonk,  El  Paso,  Normal, 
Bloomington,  and  other  points  south.  For  other 
connections,  via  ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD,  see 
"Freeport." 

Nelson,  104  miles  from  Chicago.  This  station 
was  opened  in  1857,  and  is  located  one  mile  south  of 
Rock  River,  on  a  rolling  prairie.  It  has  six  schools, 
occupying  school  houses  that  cost  $1,300  each;  one 
church,  but  no  saloons  or  liquor  stores,  as  liquor  is 
not  allowed  to  be  sold  within  one  mile  of  the  corpo- 
ration limits.  The  population  number  over  600, 
and  draw  their  business  and  support  from  the  rich 
farmers  of  the  surrounding  cenntry. 

Sterling,  110  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  flourishing 
city  of  6,000  people,  situate  on  the  north  bank  of 
Rock  river.  The  city  Is  lighted  with  gas,  has  water 
works,  obtaining  its  supply  from  an  artesian  well, 
1,655  feet  deep,  from  which  the  water  is  thrown  to 


14 


THE  NORTH  AXD  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


a  height  of  14  feet,  ai)d  in  quantity  large  enough  to 
supply  the  entire  city  ;  many  fine  school  houses, 
twelve  churches,  two  banks,  two  newspapers,  two 
reading  rooms,  one  large  public  hall,  an  opera 
house,  and  many  large  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. It  has  ample  hotel  accommodations.  Five 
miles  west  of  this  station  the  ROCKFOKD,  ROCK 
ISLAND  &  ST.  Louis  RAILROAD  forms  junction  with 
the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway,  and  over 
our  tracks  runs  its  trains  to  our  depot  at  Sterling. 
By  this  connection,  Lyndon,  Moline,  Hock  Island, 
and  Davenport  can  be  reached,  as  well  as  many 
towns  south  of  Rock  Island. 

Gait,  113  miles  from  Chicago.  Population  about 
100.  It  has  one  school,  with  public  hall  in  its  upper 
story.  Como,  one  mile  south,  on  Elkhorn  creek, 
population  300,  and  celebrated  in  "stage  days" 
as  location  of  best  hotel  in  the  State ;  Umpire, 
one  mile  north ;  Milledgemlle,  18  miles  north ; 
Colela,  12  miles  north,  are  tributary  to  this  station, 
and  me  reached  by  tri-weekly  stage  lines.  Fare  to 
Coleta  50  cts.,  and  to  Milledgeville  75  cts.  The 


in  1855,  incorporated  as  a  village  in  1856,  and  as  a 
city  in  1809.  It  has  a  graded  school,  with  eight 
teachers  and  1,000  scholars,  in  a  building  that  cost 
$25,000;  seven  first-class  churches,  several  agricul- 
tural implement  and  carriage  factories,  four  flour 
mills,  and  a  public  hall,  fitted  up  with  stage  and 
scenery,  costing  $15,000,  and  capable  of  seating 
800  persons.  The  city  is  supplied  with  water 
works,  drawing  full  supply  from  artesian  wells. 
Rock  creek  is  three-quarters  of  a  mile  distant, 
and  has  good  water  power  on  it.  B.  C.  Bailey  & 
Sons  keep  The  Revere  House;  can  accommodate 
100  guests,  and  charge  $2  per  day.  Three  other 
hotels  also  offer  accommodations,  at  about  $1  per 
day.  Lyndon,  9  miles;  Prophetslown,  11  miles; 
and  Spring  Hill,  18  miles  distant,  are  reached  by 
daily  stage  lines. 

Union  Grove,  138  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the 
next  station  reached.  It  is  eight  miles  from  the 
Mississippi  river,  has  a  population  of  100,  and  ships 
large  quantity  of  grain,  from  a  steam  elevator, 
operated,  at  the  depot,  by  E.  O.  Shenvin. 


Rock  River  University,  Dlxon,  III.— page  13. 


country  surrounding  Gait  is  prairie— rich,  produc- 
tive, and  all  thickly  i-ettled. 

Rock  Island  Junction,  115  miles  from  Chi- 
cago. At  this  point  the  ROCKFOKD,  ROCK  ISLAND  & 
ST.  Louis  RAILWAY  branches  off,  and  runs  south- 
wardly. (See  Sterling.)  Empire  is  2>£  miles  dis- 
tant on  Elkhorn  creek;  it  has  flour  mill*,  a  woolen 
factory,  and  one  church. 

Round  Grove,  119  miles  from  Chicago,  is  built 
on  the  prairie,  3)£  miles  from  Rock  river,  and  has 
one  school,  one  church,  and  one  co-operative  butter 
factory.  At  this  point  was  erected  the  first  saw- 
mill built  in  Whiteside  county. 

Morrison,  119  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  the 
county  seat  of  Whiteside  county,  which  was  or- 
ganized in  1839,  and  now  has  a  population  of  over 
35,000  souls.  The  county  court  house  is  a  fine 
building,  and  cost  $250,000  in  1864.  The  city  has 
a  population  of  3,000.  It  was  named  after  a 
Charles  Morrison,  of  New  York  city  ;  was  laid  out 


Fulton  Junction,  135  miles  from  Chicago.  At 
this  point  we  reach  and  cross  the  WESTERN  UNION 
RAILROAD.  By  this  connection  we  can  reach  Al- 
bany,Cordova,  Port  Syr  on,  Han  r>ion,  Moline  and 
Eock  Island,  south,  and  Savanna,  Mount  Carroll, 
Lanark,  and  Shannon,  north.  All  trains  make 
close  connections  here  at  a  union  depot. 

Fulton,  136  miles  from  Chicago.  This  city,  with 
a  population  of  2,500,  is  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river.  Itis  the  seat  oi1  the  Northern  Illinois 
Cojlege,  occupying  buildings  that  cost  $100,000, 
and  having  125  students.  The  city  is  well  built,  on 
a  commanding  position  on  the  bluffs  ;  has  fine 
schools,  with  an  average  attendance  of  500  scholars; 
five  churches;  and  two  saw-mills,  making  each 
3,000,000  feet  of  lumber,  and  employing  60  men, 
yearly.  The  Junction  House,  by  Mrs.  R.  S.  Sayrc, 
has  rooms  for  75  guests  ;  The  Union  House,  by 
F.  Marceiius,  accommodates  40,  and  The  Revere, 
by  T.  C.  Kilgorc,  65  persons,  at  $2  per  diem. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN.  RAILWAY. 


15 


ACROSS    THE  MISSISSIPPI. 

One  hundred  and  thirty-seven  miles  west  of  Chicago,  we  reach  the  Mississippi 
river,  and  cross  it  on  a  magnificent  iron  bridge,  owned  and  used  exclusively  by  this 
railway  company.  This  was  the  second  bridge  that  was  completed  across  this  river, 
and  to-day  stands  unsurpassed  for  beauty,  strength  and  permanency.  Its  length  is  4,219 
feet,  and  it  has  nine  iron  spans  over  west  channel,  and  three  iron  spans  and  a  "draw  " 
over  main  channel.  The  original  bridge  was  of  wood,  was  built  in  1865,  and  has 
since  been  rebuilt  of  iron,  the  American  Bridge  Co.  building  three  spans  and  the 
draw,  and  the  Detroit,  Keystone  and  Phoenixville  Bridge  Companies  each  building  two 
spans. 

Clinton,  .  138  miles  Irom 
Chicago.  This  city,  with  its 
11,000  people,  is  located  on  the 
•west  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
river,  at  the  west  end  9f  the 
bridge.  The  Iowa  Railroad 
Land  Company  owned  the 
ground  on  which  the  city  is 
built,  and  desiring  to  have  a 
town  built  at  the  most  easterly 
point  of  their  possessions,  in 
1855  laid  out  the  present  city 
of  Clinton.  The  company  built 
a  church,  a  school  house,  and  u 
"tavern,"  and  since  then  the 
entire  city  has  grown  up  around 
that  nucleus.  No  city  in  the 
country  is  more  indebted  to 
railroads  than  Clinton.  It  has 
been  built  up  by  the  influence 
of  this  railway,  and  by  the  facil- 
ities it  offered  to  trade.  Few 
cities  anywhere,  and  certainly 
none  in  Iowa,  control  as  large 
Influence  in  the  State  as  is  done 
by  this  city.  Its  trade  Is  Im- 
mense, and  is  fast  increasing, 
lumber  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments being  leading  staples  in 
the  city's  trade.  Its  manufac- 
turing interests  are  large. 
It  has  four  banks,  ten 
hotels,  twelve  churches,  five  ward  schools,  a  high 
school,  a  fine  masonic  hall,  an  odd  fellows'  hall,  a 
driving  park,  two  public  city  parks,  gas  and  water 
works,  efficient  fire  and  police  departments,  a  fine 
turner  hall,  county  court  house,  etc.  Its  streets  are 
wide,  well  paved  as  a  rule,  and  shaded  with  orna- 
mental trees.  Within  the  city  limits  are  fine  stone 
quarries,  giving  excellent  building  stone.  Its 


Clinton,  Iowa— From  the  .Bluffs. 


"  Press  "  takes  a  leading  position  not  only  in  the 
State  but  in  adjoining  Sta'es.  Taken  all  in  all,  it 
will  be  difficult  to  nnd  a  more  attractive,  driving, 
thoroughly  go-ahead  city.  The  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway  Co.  have  large  repair  and  machine 
shops,  and  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  of  the 
Iowa  Division  here. 


THE  CHICAGO,   DUBUQUE  &   LA   CROSSE  LINE. 

It  will  be  observed,  by  examining  our  maps,  that  we  show  a  line  to  Dubuque  and 
La  Crosse,  via  Clinton.  While  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co.  does  not 
own  the  line  north  of  Clinton,  yet  we  give  to  and  receive  from  that  line  a  large  trade, 
and  it  forms  the  northern  end  of  the  line  named  above.  It  runs  along  the  west  bank 

the  Mississippi  river,  and  within  a  stone's  throw  of  it  most  of  the  way.  A  more 
leasurable  trip  cannot  be  taken  than  one  along  this  line  in  the  summer  season.  Starl- 
ing northward  from  Clinton  it  passes  through  Lyons,  Sabula,  a  thriving  village  of 


16 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


1,100  people;  BeUevue,  with  2,000  inhabitants;  Dubuque,  the  northern  "gate  city'*1 
of  Iowa,  with  its  22,000  people  ;  Specht's  Ferry,  with  1,000  population  ;  Buena  Vista,. 
population  600;  (near  here  a  branch  line  runs  westward,  and  passes  through  Elkport, 
with  1,200  people;  Littleport,  with  200  ;  and  Volga  City,  with  1,500;  and  through 
several  smaller  villages) ;  Guttenberg,  with  1,500  inhabitants;  Clayton,  with  1,100; 
Me  Oregor  and  North  McGregor,  with  5,000  inhabitants,  (connected  with  Prairie  du 
Chien  by  bridge  and  ferry);  Harper's  Ferry,  with  500;  Lansing,  with  3, 000  inhabitants; 
Brownville,  with  700  people ;  and  to  La  Orosse  (La  Crescent),  where  a  junction  is 
formed  with 

THE  SOUTHERN  MINNESOTA  RAILROAD. 

By  this  connection  we  have  access  to  and  from  the  towns  along  that  line.  Beside  pass- 
ing through  smaller  places,  it  runs  through  Hokah,  with  950 ;  Houston,  with  1,000; 
Rushford,  with  3,000;  Lanesboro,  with  1,500;  Spring  Valley,  with  1,500;  Ramsey,  an 
important  junction  (the  crossing  of  the  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY)  ;  Albert 
Lea,  with  3,000;  Alden,  800;  Well*,  with  1,500;  Delavan,  900;  an/1  to  Winnebago,  170- 
miles  west  of  La  Crescent,  with  its  3,000  people.  This  line  runs  through  the  great 
wheat  region  of  Minnesota,  and  transports  nearly  one-third  of  the  entire  wheat  yield 
of  the  State. 

STILL   WESTWARD. 

Returning  to  Clinton  after  our  trip  over  the  Chicago,  Clinton  &  Dubuque,  Chicago, 
Dubuque  &  Minnesota,  and  Southern  Minnesota  Railroads,  or  if  we  continued  west- 
ward without  having  left  the  train  at  Clinton,  we  next  reach 


Camanche,  143  miles  from  Chicago.  The  city 
of  same  name  is  one  mile  from  the  station,  is  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  and  opposite 
the  mouth  of  the  Meredosia  river,  of  Illinois.  This 
Tast  named  river  has  large  meadows  or  dry  marshes 
(if  they  may  be  so  named)  extending  for  many 
miles  along  either  bank,  and  furnishing  the  best 
dnck,  geese,  brant  and  crane  shooting  that  can  he 
found  in  the  West.  Thousands  of  these  birds  are 
shot  here  every  season,  and  hundreds  of  sportsmen 
visit  these  grounds  from  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Camanche  furnishes  many  of  the  "outfits"  for 
these  hunting  parties.  In  this  city  of  1,000  people, 
are  large  steam  saw  mills,  one  flour  mill,  three 
churches,  several  good  schools  and  The  New  Haven 
Hotel,  kept  by  F.  Anthony,  who  charges  $ 2.00  per 
day.  On  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river  are 
many  Indian  mounds. 

Ix>w  Moor,  148  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This 
town,  pop.  500,  was  laid  out  in  1858.  It  is  4  miles 
north  of  the  Wapsipinicon  river,  a  stream  noted  for 
its  most  excellent  shooting.  Ducks,  geese,  and 
brant  abound  on  the  river  and  in  the  bayous  setting 
into  it.  Snipe,  several  varieties,  woodcock,  prairie 
chicken  and  quail  are  found  in  countless  numbers 
along  its  banks.  In  the  village  is  one  wagon  fac- 
tory, one  church,  one  school  house,  and  one  hotel, 
by  J.  E.  Mndgett,  who  charges  $1.50  per  day. 
Elvira,  a  village  of  300  people,  having  one 
hotel  and  two  churches,  is  4  miles  north,  and  is 
reached  by  mail  stage  three  times  weekly. 

Malone,  152  miles  west  of  Chicago. 

De  Witt,  157  miles  west  of  Chicago,  has  a  popula- 
tion of  2,500.  It  is  well  built,  on  a  prairie  sloping 
towards  the  south,  and  surrounded  by  groves  ;  'has 
good  graded  schools,  one  occupying  a  building 


that  cost  $28,000,  and  that  seats  600  pupils;  aeon- 
vent  and  school  of  the  "  Sisters  of  the  Sacred 
Heart  " ;  a  town  hall,  costing  $12,000;  court  house, 
costing  $12,000;  masonic  and  odd  fellows'  halls,  cost- 
ing $5,000  each;  one  good  newspaper,  and  several 
large  manufacturing  concerns,  amongst  which  those 
of  T.  P.  Bntterfield  and  A.  B.  Cnmmings  employ 
75  men  each.  The  Gates  House,  by  J.  M.  Gates, 
has  60  rooms,  and  charges  $2  per  day.  Within  two. 
miles  of  this  station  are  five  hominy  mills,  manu- 
facturing over  500  barrels  of  hominy  per  day.  At 
this  point  we  cross  the  Maqnoketa  branch  of  the 
DAVENPORT  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY,  which  line  gives 
us  connections  for  Long  Grove,  Eldridge  and  Dav- 
enport in  the  south,  and  Welton,  Delmar  and 
Maquokelain  the  north.  AtWheatland  we  cross 
another  branch  of  this  road. 

Grand  Mound,  163  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This 
village,  of  250  people,  is  built  on  a  high  mound 
(hence  its  name),  from  whence  the  surrounding 
prairie  can  be  seen  for  many  miles  in  every  direc- 
tion. It  is  in  one  of  the  best  farming  regions  in 
the  State.  Wild  land  is  selling  for  from  $25  to  $50 
per  acre.  The  village  has  one  school,  one  church, 
and  two  fair  hotels.  Large  shipments  of  hogs  and 
cattle  are  made  from  this  station. 

Calamus,  169  miles  from  Chicago.  It  has  popu- 
lation of  500 ;  was  incorporated  in  1875  ;  has  one 
church  and  one  good  school.  The  land  surround 
ing  the  village  is  somewhat  sandy,  but  is  very  pro- 
lific. 

Wheatland,  173  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This 
station,  with  population  of  1,500,  is  near  the  Wapsi- 
pinicon river,  and  many  sportsmen  come  here  to- 
shoot  ducks,  geese,  snipe  and  woodcock,  and  to- 
fish  for  the  many  varieties  of  fish  with  which  the- 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


17 


river  is  stocked.  It  has  a  fair  hotel,  The  Wheat 
land  House,  by  K.  M.  Tucker,  accommodating  50 
guests,  at  $2  per  day.  At  this  point  we  make  con- 
nections with  the  DAVENPORT  &  ST.  PAUL  RAIL- 
WAT,  for  Toronto,  Oxford  Mills,  Wyoming,  Mon- 
ticello,  Ilopkinton,  Delhi,  Delaware  and  Fayette  in 
the  north,  and  for  Eldridge  and  Davenport  in  the 
south.  The  passenger  trains  make  close  connec- 
tions here. 

London,  178  miles  from  Chicago.  Wo  have  now 
passed  over  into  Cedar  county,  and  are,  by  stage, 
16  miles  from  Tipton,  the  county  seat.  (See  Tip- 
ton.)  Loudon  has  900  inhabitants,  and  is  one  of 
the  regular  "  dining  stations"  of  this  line.  It  is  four 
miles  from  the  "  Wapsie  "  river,  and  is  surrounded 
by  fine  stock  and  gra:  n  farms.  It  has  two  schools, 
three  churches,  one  grain  elevator,  four  public  halls, 
and  many  good  business  houses.  The  Railroad 
House,  by  Raymond  &  Risley,  is  at  the  depot,  and 
is  very  popular  with  the  traveling  public.  The  St. 
Cloud  is  a  good  hotel,  by  C.  W.  Hassett;  charges, 
$1.50  per  day.  Hook,  10  miles  south,  and  Masillon 
and  Toronto,  each  five  miles  northwardly,  are 
reached  by  stage. 

Clarence,  185  miles  from  Chicago,  has  a  popu- 
lation of  1,000  persons,  most  of  whom  are  from 
New  England.  The  town  is  built  on  ground  some- 
what elevated,  and  has  wide,  clean  streets.  It  has 
one  graded  school,  four  churches,  one  flour  mill, 
two  hotels,  several  grain  warehouses.  Many  fine 
horses  are  raised  In  the  vicinity,  and  several  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  horse  buyers,  make  thia  their  head- 
quarters. 

Stanwood,  190  miles  from  Chicago.  This  sta- 
tion was  opened  in  1869;  the  town  laid  out  by  Mai- 
ley  &  Preston,  and  named  after  H.  P.  Stanweod, 
the  then  Superintendent  of  the  Iowa  Division  of 
this  road.  The  village  has  a  population  of  400,  and 
Is  surrounded  by  most  excellent  farming  and  graz- 
ing land.  It  has  a  good  school,  four  hotels — The 
Hough  ton  House  being  the  best;  two  churches,  and 
a  grain  elevator.  An  artesian  well,  112  feet  deep,  and 
throwing  the  water  60  feet  In  height,  supplies  the 
village  with  good  pure  water.  Fine  building  stone 
is  quarried  a  few  miles  off.  At  this  point  the  STAN- 
WOOD  &  TIPTON  RAILWAY  (owned  by  this  Com- 
pany,) branches  off  the  main  road  and  runs  eight 
miles  south-east  to  Tipton.  Passenger  trains  run 
between  Stanwood  and  Tipton,  and  connect  with 
all  the  passenger  trains  of  the  main  road. 

Walden,  194  miles  from  Chicago,  is  four  miles 
south  of  Stanwood,  on  the  Stanwood  and  Tipton 
branch.  Is  an  unimportant  stopping  place. 

Tipton,  198  miles  from  Chicago,  is  at  the  south- 
ern terminus  of  the  Stanwood  &  Tipton  Railroad, 
and  is  the  county  seat  of  Cedar  county.  Cedar 
county  was  organized  in  1837,  in  what  was  then 
part  of  the  territory  of  Wisconsin.  The  early  set- 
tlers were  from  Ohio,  Pennsylvania  and  New  Eng- 
land, and  the  county  yet  bears  many  marks  of  the 
enterprise  and  intelligence  of  these  pioneers.  The 
county  has  over  25,000  people,  and  last  year  sold 
over  3,000,000  bushels  of  corn,  700,000  of  wheat, 
700,000  of  oats,  200,000  of  barley,  and  60,000  hogs. 
The  court  house,  that  cost  $45,000,  was  built  In 
1860.  The  city  of  Tipton  was  laid  out  in  1840,  and 
incorporated  In  1857.  It  has  2,000  population,  a 


fine  city  ball,  that  cost,  in  1873,  $20,000 ;  several 
good  schools,  a  ladies'  seminary,  The  Fleming 
Hotel,  by  Mrs.  C.  Fleming,  with  30  rooms,  at  $1  per 
day,  and  The  City  Hotel,  by—  Miller,  with  25  rooms, 
at  $1  per  day.  W.  H.  Tuthill  has  i.i  this  town  a 
private  library  containing  over  5,000  volumes. 
Wilton,  15  miles  south,  and  Rochester,  7  miles  dis- 
tant, are  reached,  daily,  by  stage.  Several  rail- 
roads have  been  projected  and  graded  through 
Tipton,  but  excepting  the  Stanwood  &  Tiptor 
Railway,  none  have  been  completed.  The  surface- 
of  Cedar  county  is  rolling,  and  is  about  evenly  di- 
vided between  prairie  and  timber.  The  Cedar  river 
and  several  small  tributaries  run  through  the 
county,  giving  the  citizens  fine  water  power,  and 
together  with  the  fine  grasses  native  in  the  county, 
render  it  one  of  the  best  dairy  and  stock  counties- 
there  is  in  the  State  of  iowa. 

Mechanics-rule,  195  miles  from  Chicago.  Re- 
turning to  the  main  road  again,  we  find  this  pleas- 
ant village  of  1,500  people,  built  on  a  long  ridge  of 
elevated  ground  parallel  with  the  railroad ;  the  main  • 
street,  over  one  mile  long,  follows  this  ridge. 
Before  the  railroad  was  built,  a  village  called 
Iroquois  had  been  started  here,  and  to-day  many  of 
the  citizens  "  stick  to "  the  old  name.  The  fair 
grounds  of  the  District  Agricultural  Society  of 
Cedar,  Jones,  Linn  and  Johnston  counties,  are 
located  here.  The  village  has  two  schools,  one- 
occupying  a  house  that  cost  $15,000,  four  churches, 
twelve  stores,  three  grain  elevators, "  The  Pioneer  " 
holding  30,000  bushels.  The  City  Hotel,  by  H.  T. 
Williams,  has  30  rooms,  and  charges  $2  per  day. 
Cedar  Bluffs,  10  miles  south,  and  Gower^s  Ferry, 
7  miles  north,  are  post  villages  tributary  to  and 
reached  by  stage  from  this  station.  A  semi-weekly 
stage  also  runs  to  Iowa  City. 

Lisbon,  202  miles  west  of  Chicago,  is  a  village 
in  Linn  county,  of  900  people,  built  in  the  centre  of 
a  rich  and  thickly  settled  prairie,  where  land  is 
selling  from  $40  to  $75  per  acre.  The  village  is  half  a 
mile  from  station,  which  is  reached  by  plank  road 
and  wooden  sidewalks.  It  has  one  school,  with 
five  teachers,  five  churches,  one  public  hall,  several 
brick  blocks,  one  of  which  is  owned  and  occupied 
by  the  First  National  bank,  and  which  would  be 
called  a  fine  building  even  in  Chicago,  and  an  agri- 
cultural implement  factory,  making  Kynes'  Corn 
Planter  a  cpecialty.  The  City,  Clifton  and  Railroad 
are  the  principal  hotels.  At  this  station  the  railroad 
company  have  constantly  stored  about  10,000  tons 
of  coal. 

Mount  Vernon,  203  miles  from  Chicago.  This 
village  has  a  resident  population  of  1,200  people. 
It  is  built  on  ground  elevated  above  the  railway 
some  80  feet,  and  being  in  the  best  wooded  portion 
of  Iowa,  enjoys  immunity  from  the  bleak  winds 
and  storms  that  afflict  many  other  neighborhoods. 
It  has  two  churches,  a  large  woolen  factory,  and 
several  good  schools,  but  the  "lion  "  and  pride  of 
the  town  and  vicinity  is  "The  Cornell  College," 
(see  cut),  which  was  named  after  W.  W.  Cornell, 
of  New  York  City.  The  college  buildings  are  built 
in  the  centre  of  a  tract  of  30  acres,of  which  one-fourth 
is  forest ;  from  the  roof  of  the  buildings  the  adjoining 
country  for  30  or  40  miles  around  can  be  seen  with* 
its  towns  and  villages.  The  college  has  20  profea- 


18 


THE  NOUTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


•sore  and  over  500  students ;  the  buildings  are  bc'ng 
enlarged  to  accommodate  1,000  pupils.  It  lias  a 
military  department,  presided  over  by  a  regular 
army  officer,  detailed  by  the  War  Department  for 
this  purpose.  The  United  States  has  furnished 
arms  for  the  students,  and  a  battery  of  artillery  for 
drill.  The  chapel  was  built  by  the  Iowa  Methodist 
Conference  when  the  institution  was  called  "The 
Iowa  Conference  Seminary." 

Bertram,  210  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village 
of  200  people;  it  is  built  on  nearly  level  prairie,  but 
is  surrounded  by  high  and  somewhat  broken 
ground.  It  has  one  school,  one  church,  and  a  saw 
and  flour  mill.  Itnocds  a  grain  buyer.  TheAmeri- 
•can  House,  by  H.  A.  Berry,  with  10  rooms,  at  $1 
per  day,  accommodates  the  transient  guests. 

Linn  County.    We  have,  since  we  passed  I/s- 


The  Chapel,  Cornell  College,  Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa. 


bon,  been  in  Linn  county.  It  was  organized  in 
1837,  when  Iowa  was  yet  a  portion  of  Wisconsin 
Territory,  and  was  named  after  U.  S.  Senator  Lewis 
Linn,  of  Missouri.  The  county  seat  is  at  Marion, 
Smiles  northwest  of  Cedar  Rapids.  Population  in 
1875,  37,000.  The  county  contains  460,000  acres  of 
land,  of  which  195,000  acres  wi  re  covered  with 
heavy  oak,  walnut,  maple,  and  other  hard  timber. 
240,000  acres  in  the  county  are  cultivated,  and  last 
year  produced  5,250, 'CO  bushels  of  grain.  Linn 
county  wi»  celebrated  in  '•  Indian  days,"  and  many 
legends  are  told  about  it.  Of  these  one  in  regard 
to  the  Rapids,  now  Cedar  Rap'ds  City,  has  been 
preserved  in  verse  as  follow  s: 


LEGEND  OP  THE  CEDAR  RAPIDS. 

There's  a  legend  from  of  old, 

Indian  prophesy  'tis  called— 
Whence  it  cxme  or  where  'twas  told, 

Age  or  race  does  not  unfold. 
Born  upon  the  pregnant,  breeze, 

Growing'in  the  blissful  air, 
Breathed  in  every  breath  with  ease, 

Mortals  thus  inhaled  it  there. 

'  In  the  fulness  of  time  with  wines  shall  come, 
'  An  angel  race  from  ihe  rising  MI    ; 
'  Myriad  in  number,  i:ke  lieht  in  their  thought. 
'Time  shall  not  end  till  their  destiny's  wrought, 
'  And  peace  and  prosperity  with  theni  thai  I  reign." 

This  sachems,  chiefs,  their  peoples  taught, 

As  yearly  to  this  quiet  ford, 
Each  annual  pilgrimage,  They  brought 

Their  tribes,  to  spui-d  their  festiv  al. 
A  joyous  thought  to  every  will, 

To  mark  the  spot,  the  link  to  hold, 
From  the  pure  stream  each  took  a  shell, 

As  on  the  shore  their  mound  will  tell. 

The  county  is  well  watered,  having  many 
streams  running  through  it. 

Cedar  Rapids.  219  miles  west  of  Chicago. 
This  city,  one  of  the  most  important  in  the 
State,  is  built  on  both  sides  of  Ced:ir  river, 
and  bids  fair  to  become  the  great  manufac- 
turing city  of  the  State.  The  city  is  the 
mo^t  extensive  railroad  centre  in  the  State. 
The  adjoining  county  is  fertile  and  well 
scaled.  The  town  site  was  located  at  the 
h  ad  of  the  rapids  on  the  Cedar  river  in 
183S;  a  town  laid  out  in  1842;  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  J856,  (in  those  days  it  w.is  the 
head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  Cedar, 
and  then  steamboats  ran  up  as  far  as  Cedar 
Falls,  65  miles  north).  In  1869  a  permanent 
water  power,  with  first-class  dam,  was  com- 
pleted, at  an  expense  of  $50,000.  The 
power  is  equal  to  1,200  horse  power,  of  which 
onlv  300  horse  power  is  used.  This  town 
hns  had  a  rapid  growth  since  1869  ;  the  cen- 
sus in  1873  gave  4,OS9;  in  1875,  7,430;  and 
to-day  it  is  over  8,000.  It  is  essentially  a 
m  inufacturing  town.  Many  establishments 
i:re  already  in  successful  operation,  the  lead- 
ing ones  being  pork  packing  houses,  wagon 
factoiies,  oat-meal  mills,  linseed  oil  mills, 
steam  cracker  factory,  agricultural  imple- 
ment manufactories,  woolen  and  knitting 
mills,  flour  mills,  organ  factory,  breweries, 
and  one  railroad  (Burlington,  Cedar  Knpids 
&  Minesota)  machine  shop,  which  is  perma- 
nently located  here,  and  for  which  the  city 
donated  $60,000.  It  has  four  grain  eleva- 
tors, two  manufacturing  printing  houses, 
and  many  smaller  manufactories.  Its  wholesale 
bufincss  is  so  extensive  that  eighty  traveling 
agents  are  constantly  employed  in  looking  after 
its  interest.  The  following  corporations  have 
their  headquarters  here :  Iowa  Railroad  Land 
Company,  has  1.200,000  acres  of  laud  for  sale  in 
Iowa,  much  of  it  on  the  line  of  this  railway; 
The  Blair  Town  Lot  and  Land  Co.,  The  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Missouri  River  R.  R.  Co.,  Iowa  Falls  & 
Sioux  City  R.  R.  Co.,  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  R'y, 
Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley  R.  R.  Co., 
Sioux  City  and  Iowa  Falls  Land  and  Town  Lot  Co., 
Elkhorn  Land  nnd  Town  Lot  Co.,  MoingonaCoal 
Co.,  and  The  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Min- 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


19 


nesota  R'y  Co.  Of  banking  and  insurance  com- 
panies, there  are  The  First  National  Bank,  with 
4100,000  capital;  The  City  National  Bank,  $100,000; 
The  Union  Bank,  with  $325,000;  aud  The  Farmers' 
Insurance  Co..  with  $125,000.  There  are  twelve 
churches,  with  buildings  that  cost  $189,000,  and 
•colleges  and  schools, with  buildings  costing $180,000. 
It  has  gas  works,  costing  $50,000 ;  water  works, 
costing  $75,000;  three  iron  bridges  across  Cedar 
river,  that  runs  through  the  city,  costing  $103,000; 
post  office,  built  in  1874,  costing  $20,000;  city  hall 
and  engine  house,  costing,  in  1869,  $15,000;  an  opera 
house,  costing  $20,000;  and  fire  department  appa- 
ratus, consisting  in  part  of  one  steam,  one  Bab- 
cock  and  two  hand  fire  engines,  etc.,  costing 
$15,000.  The  total  debt  of  the  city  is  only  $37,000. 
In  hotels,  the  city  is  represented  by  The  Pullman 
House,  Brown's  Hotel,  The  Centennial  House  and 
The  Valley  House;  their  charges  range  from  $1.50 
to  $2.50  per  diem.  The  city  is  well  built,  has  fine 
brick  blocks,  wide,  well-paved  streets,  flue  resi- 
dences, a  public  library,  masonic  and  odd  fellows' 
halls,  and  a  daily  and  four  weekly  newspapers.  We 
form  a  junction  here  with  the  DUBUQUB  SOUTH- 
WESTERN RAILWAY,  which  runs  northeast  to  Far- 
ley, on  the  Iowa  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central. 
By  this  connection  we  are  enabled  to  reach  Marion, 
Springville,  Viola,  Monticello,  Farley  tai&Dtibuque, 
and  to  this  point  passengers  from  the  West  should 
come  when  going  Into  Northern  Iowa  and  Southern 
Central  Minnesota.  Here,  also,  we  cross  the  line 
•of  the  BCRLINGTON,  CEDAR  RAPIDS  &  MINNESOTA 
RAILWAY,  over  which  route  our  passengers  and 
freight  for  Shellsburg,  Vinton,  La  Porte,  Waterloo, 
Ctdar  Falls,  Shell  Bock,  Clarksville,  Rockfield,  la., 
Nora  Junction,  and  Austin,  Minn.,  find  through 
trains  and  clo-e  connections.  Traffic  for  Linn, 
Independence,  West  Union,  Clermont  and  Postville 
is  also  sent  over  the  Postville  branch  of  this  road. 

West  Rapids,  is  one  mile  west  of  Cedar  Rapid*. 
Passenger  trains  do  not  stop. 

Fairfax,  228  miles  from  Chicago.  The  corpo- 
rate name  of  the  village,  population  200,  is  Vander- 
bilt.  It  has  one  school  and  three  churches. 

Norway,  234  miles  west  of  Chicago.  Passing 
-out  of  Linn  we  enter  Benton  county,  and  reach 
this  station,  which  has  a  population  of  400,  and 
one  flour  mill,  one  school  and  three  churches.  The 
village  was  platted  and  named  (after  the  native 
country  of  the  founder, )  In  1863.  The  surrounding 
county  affords  fine  prairie  chicken  shooting. 

Watkins,  239  miles  west  of  Chicago,  was  named 
after  the  lamented  John  B.  Watkins,  who  was  killed 
while  in  the  line  of  his  duty  as  Superintendent  of 
this  "The  Iowa  Division"  of  the  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry. 
The  village  was  laid  out  in  1873,  has  100  population, 
two  grain  elevators,  and  a  large  trade  with  the  sur- 
rounding country.  Prairie  creek  runs  past  station. 

Blairstown,  244  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This 
town  of  1,500  people  is  in  Benton  county,  which 
was  organized  in  1840,  and  now  has  over  40,000  pop- 
ulation. The  county  is  nearly  evenly  divided 
between  prairie  and  timber,  is  well  watered,  and 
has  a  produc  ive  and  rich  soil.  It  is  a  fine  grain 
and  stock  county,  nnd  is  rapidly  growing  rich.  The 
station  was  named  after  John  I.  Blair,  of  New 
Jersey,  who  was  largely  interested  in  building  the 
railroad  through  this  county.  The  village  was 


incorporated  in  1869,  and  has  good  schools,  a  female 
seminary,  four  steam  grain  elevators,  one  flour 
mill,  four  churches,  and  The  State  Blind  Asylum. 
The  Pennsylvania  House,  by  H.  &  L.  Gunct,  is  the 
best  hotel.  Vinton,  the  county  seat,  is  20  miles  dis- 
tant. Small  game  is  plentiful  around  Bl  lirctown, 
and  in  Cedar  river  and  in  Prair  e  creek  pike  and 
bass  weighing  2  to  25  Ibs.  are  caught. 

Luzerne,  249  miles  from  Chicago. 

Belle  Plaine,  254  miles  west  of  Chicago,  is  25 
miles  by  daily  stage  from  Vinton,  and  l'/i  miles 
from  the  Iowa  river  and  from  Salt  creek,  both 
streams  being  "full  of  fish."  Dysart,  29  miles 
north,  is  reached  \\^Yaltham  semi-weekly  by  stage, 
fare  $1.50,  and  Victor,  12  miles  south,  is  reached 
tri-weekly  by  stage,  fare  50  cts.  The  town  has  a 
population  of  2,100,  and  three  schools,  three 
churches,  one  public  hall,  a  repair  and  other  shops 
belonging  to  this  railroad,  a  masonic  hall,  for  meet- 
ings of  lodge,  chapter  and  commandery,  an  odd 
fellows'  hall,  two  newspapers,  flour  mills,  grain 
elevators,  and  many  handsome  business  blocks. 
The  hotels  are  The  Sherman  Housi'.  by  J.  F.  Dunn, 

The  Tremont,  by White,  The  Union,  by  Mrs. 

Neagle,  and  The  German,  by  F.  Krabbeuholft,  with 
prices  ranging  from  $1.00  to  $2.00  per  day.  In  the 
forests  surrounding  the  village  deer  and  wild  tur- 
keys are  found,  and  on  the  prairie,  chickens,  quail, 
woodcock,  snipe,  and  other  game  birds  abound. 
Duck,  geese  and  brant  are  found  in  all  the  streams, 
sloughs  and  bayous— in  fact,  this  is  the  centre  of 
the  game  region  of  Iowa.  Vinton,  though  not  a 
station  on  our  line,  yet  is  so  plainly  tributary  to  it 
that  we  feel  that  we  should  say  that  it  is  the  county 
Heist  of  Benton  county,  has  3,500  population,  county 
conrt  house,  jail  and  otherpublic  buildings,  several 
fine  schools,  churches,  public  halls,  masonic  lodges, 
chapter,  commandery,  and  similar  bodies  of  odd  fel- 
lows, etc.  This  city  is  best  reached  via  Cedar  Rapids, 
from  which  point  a  line  of  railroad  runs  direct. 

Chelsea,  260  miles  from  Chicago.  We  now 
come  to  Tama  county,  (sco  Toledo.)  Chelsea  has 
300  population,  one  fair  hotel,  one  grain  elevator, 
P.  A.  Boomer  &  Co.'s  manufactory  of  wooden 
measures,  cheese  boxes,  etc.,  and  two  steam  saw- 
mills. It  is  1  mile  north  of  the  Iowa  river.  Otter 
creek  runs  through  the  north  part  of  the  village. 
Haven,  6  miles  southwest,  and  Helena,  5  miles 
south,  are  tributary  to  this  station. 

Tama,  270  miles  from  Chicago,  is  built  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Iowa  river.  "Fine  building  stone, 
plenty  of  timber,  and  good  brick  clay  are  found 
close  to  the  town,  thus  giving  facilities  for  building 
cheaply.  The  town  has  2,000  people,  one  school 
occupying  a  house  that  cost  $25,000,  two  churches, 
four  bank,s,  and  several  large  business  blocks. 
Three  and  a  half  miles  from  the  city  The  Tama 
Hydraulic  Co.  have  spent  $100,000  in  damming  and 
otherwise  utilizing  the  waters  of  Iowa  river,  and 
ha"e  developed  what  is  said  to  be  the  best  water 
power  in  the  State.  By  canal  and  an  expensive 
aqueduct  the  water  is  carried  into  the  suburbs  of 
Tama,  where  it  is  deposited  in  an  artificial  reservoir 
covering  over  50  acres.  A  fall  of  20  feet  is  thus 
secured,  and  produces  over  1,200  horse  power. 
Several  manufacturing  establishments,  such  as  plow 
works,  flour  mills,  furniture  factories,  pump  facto- 
ries,etc.,are  already  in  operation  rn  this  water  power. 


20 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


THE  TOLEDO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY 

Starts  from  Tama,  and  runs  three  miles  northwest  to  the  county  seat,  TOLEDO,  27$ 
miles  from  Chicago,  which  is  reached  only  by  this  route.  This  road  was  built  in 
1871,  by  local  aid  mostly.  W.  F.  Johnson,  is  Pres.,  L.  Clark,  Vice-Pres.,  C.  C.  Whit- 
ten,  Gen.  Agent,  and  D.  D.  Applegate,  Treas.  Tama  county  is  well  watered  by  Iowa 
river,  Wolf  creek,  and  other  streams  of  pure  spring  water.  It  was  organized  in  1852, 
and  now  has  18,000  population.  The  county  is  underlaid  with  magnesian  limestone 
»nd  Oolite  marble,  that  are  worked  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  marble  is  suscep- 
tible of  a  high  polish,  and  will  be  a  source  of  wealth  to  the  county  in  the  future. 
Much  of  the  laud  of  the  county  is  prairie,  and  has  a  deep,  rich  and  lasting  soil. 
In  the  northern  part  of  the  county  is  an  Indian  reservation,  on  which  is  a  family 
of  the  Sac  and  Fox  tribe  of  Indians  (here  called  Mas-qua-kees.)  '  They  number  about 
400  souls,  and  each  receives  annually  $35  in  money  from  the  United  States  ;  a' farmer 
is  also  employed  by  the  Government.  They  and  their  farm  and  farmer  are  uncer 
the  charge  of  T.  S.  Free.  Toledo  has  a  court  house  costing  $30,000,  jail,  $10,000, 
six  public  schools,  eight  churciies,  three  banks,  two  newspapers,  and  a  goodly  num- 
ber of  business  houses.  Traer  is  20  miles  distant,  and  can  be  reached  tri-weekly  by 
stage;  fare  $1.50.  Returning  again  to  the  main  line  and  passing  westward,  we  reach. 


Montour,  278  miles  from  Chicago. 

!Le  Grand,  280  miles  from  Chicago,  is  built  on 
elevated  prairie,  1>4  miles  west  of  the  itation,  the 
station  being  in  Tama  county,  and  the  village  in 
Marshall  courty.  The  village  has  a  population  of 
400  souls,  many  of  whom  are  Friends  (Quakers), 
and  here  they  have  a  meeting  house  and  a  "  Friends 
Academy."  The  Christian  Church  has  also  an 
educational  institution  at  this  point  Both  occupy 
fine  buildings,  which  are  located  on  elevated  and 
commanding  ground. 

Quarry,  283  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This  vil- 
lage, with  800  people,  is  in  Marshall  county,  and  is 
noted  for  its  fine  building  stone,  that  is  here  quar- 
ried constantly  by  over  100  men.  In  fact,  the  stone 
interest  is  about  all  there  is  here.  The  Quarry  City 
Hotel,  is  kept  by  J.  M.  Jones,  and  entertains  guests 
at  $2  per  day.  Spring  Creek,  13  miles  north,  finds 
its  markets  here. 


Marshalltown,  289  miles  from  Chicago.  This 
is  the  county  seat  of  Marshall  county,  which  was 
organized  in  1849,  and  has  21,000  population.  The 
county  is  well  watered  by  the  Iowa,  Linn,  Timber, 
Minerva  and  Wolf  rivers,  and  along  all  these  streams 
are  found  large  bodies  of  heavy  timber.  Coal  is 
found  in  Bangor  township,  but  as  yet  is  not  largely 
.  mined.  The  city  is  handsomely  built,  contains 
5.500  people,  is  incorporated,  has  gas  works,  three 
large  brick  school  houses,  seven  churches,  two  flour 
mills,  a  chair  factory,  a  linseed  oil  mill,  a  steam 
printing  office,  and  two  banks.  The  Boardman, 
Williard,  Bowler,  City,  Central,  and  American 
hotels  together  can  accommodate  500  gnests.  Their 
rates  varyfrom$lto$2.50perday.  Grundy  Centre, 
21  miles  north,  and  Newton,  30  miles  south,  can  be 
reached,  weekly,  by  stage;  fare  to  the  first,  $1.50, 
and  to  the  last,  $2.00. 


THE  CENTRAL  RAILROAD   OF  IOWA. 

At  this  point  we  cross  THE  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  OP  IOWA,  and  it  gives  us  direct 
connections  for  Liscomb,  Union,  Eldora,  Steamboat  Rock,  AcJdey,  Hampton,  Mason 
City  and  North  Wood,  north  of  Marshalltown,  and  Orinnell,  New  SJuiron,  Oskaloosa^ 
Eddyville,  Otturmca,  Albia,  etc.,  in  the  south.  Passengers  for  any  of  the  points  here 
named  should  procure  their  tickets  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  and  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  but  failing  to  be  able  to  procure  through  tickets,  they  should 
buy  to  Marshalltown,  via  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.,  and  here  they  can  buy  tickets  to  their 

destinations. 

< 

LA  Moille,  296  miles  from  Chicago. 

State  Centre,  303  miles  west  of  Chicago.  A 
pleasant  village  of  1,000  people,  built  on  the  prai- 
rie. It  has  good  schools,  a  growing  trade  with  the 
surrounding  county,  and  bids  fair  to  be  an  impor- 
tant inland  town.  Ellenmlle  is  7  miles  distant,  and 
reached  by  stage.  All  kinds  of  feathered  game 
abound  in  this  vicinity. 

Colo,  311  miles  from  Chicago. 


Nevada,  318  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This  is  the 
county  seat  of  Story  county,  and  has  a  population 
of  1,500  persons.  Story  county  is  in  the  geographi- 
cal centre  of  the  State;  it  was  organized  in  1853, 
and  Nevada  made  the  colinty  seat  in  the  same  year. 
The  first  white  settler  located  in  18JS.  The  surface 
of  county  is  undulating,  the  northern  and  central 
portions  being  prairie,  and  the  southern  heavily 
timbered.  Coal  is  found  in  considerable  beds. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


21 


but  is  not  much  mined.  Nevada  has  one  bank 
with  $75,000  capital,  one  flour  mill,  two  grain  eleva- 
tors, a  foundry,  cheese  factory,  three  churches,  a 
echool  house  that  cost  $17,000,  and  two  newspapers. 
Three  fair  hotels  accommodate  transient  gnests — 
The  Warring,  Welton  and  Central,  at  $2  per  day. 
Iowa,  Centre,  12  miles,  Cambridge,  15  miles,  Story 


City,  18  miles,  and  Holland,  18  miles  off,  are  reached 
by  stages  twice  weekly. 

Ames,  826  miles  from  Chicago,  pop.  1,500.  One 
mile  distant,  is  the  seat  of  the  Iowa  Agricultural 
College  and  Model  Farm,  situate  in  centre  of  648 
acres  of  land  that  were  purchased  for  this  purpose, 
It  has  a  full  corps  of  teachers,  and  Is  in  a  flourishing 
condition.  Running  south  from  Ames  97  miles,  is 


THE  DES  MOINES  <fe  MINNESOTA  RAILROAD. 

This  is  a  narrow  (8i  feet)  gauge  road,  well  built,  and  with  first-class  equipment. 
It  runs  through  Kelly,  pop.  250— SheldaM,  pop.  600— Polk  City,  pop.  800— Ankcny, 
pop.  200 — Saylor,  pop.  700,  and  other  towns,  to  Des  Moines,  the  capital  of  the  State. 
The  trains  of  this  road  make  close  connections  at  AMES  with  all  of  the  passenger  trams 
of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway,  giving  us  direct  connections  for  Des 
Monies  and  the  country  beyond. 


Ontario,  830  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This  village 
of  200  people  wcs  originally  owned  by  Col.  1.  B. 
Howe,  of  Clinton,  and  owing  to  various  reasons, 
such  as  two  fires,  one  in  1871  and  a  second  in  1873, 
etc.,  has  never  advanced  very  rapidly.  It  is 
pleasantly  located  on  elevated  ground,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  fine  fanning  country.  Coal  was  dis- 
covered here  In  1873,  and  there  is  now  mined  about 
850  tons  daily.  No  liquor  is  allowed  to  be  sold  in 
the  village.  It  has  two  schools  and  two  churches. 

Midway,  335  miles  west  of  Chicago.  A  station 
without  a  town. 

Boone,  340  miles  west  of  Chicago.  This  city, 
now  having  8,600  people  resident  therein,  is  of 
barely  ten  years  growth,  it  having  been  laid  out  by 
John  I.  Blair  in  1866.  It  now  has  a  high  school,  and 
two  fine,  brick,  public  echool  buildings,  five 
churches,  a  city  hall  that  coat  $12,000,  two  steam 
flour  mill*,  a  woolen  mill,  furniture  factory,  a  glove 
factory,  foundry  and  machine  shop,  three  banks, 
with  an  aggregate  of  capital  amounting  to  $350,000, 
one  (The  Metropolitan)  public  ball,  and  four  hotels, 
viz.,  The  Lincoln,  Eagle,  St.  James,  and  American 
Exchange,  which  entertain  gnests  at  from  $1.50  to 
$3  per  day.  This  railway  company  has  a  Bound 
House  holding  twenty-nine  engines,  and  a  machine 
and  repair  shops  here,  in  which  are  constantly  em* 
ployed  a  large  force  of  skilled  mechanics. 

Booneboro,  the  county  seat  of  Boone  connty,  is 
one  and  a  half  miles  west  of  Boone,  and  is  connected 
by  an  hourly  omnibus  line.  This  city  was  settled 
before  the  railroad  was  built  through  the  county, 
and  has  a  fine  court  house,  fonr  churches,  several 
gocd  schools,  two  banks,  three  hotels,  three  potter- 
ies, and  some  considerable  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments. Sioedf  Point,  pop.  800,  is  ISrr.iles  south, 
and  i  s  reached  by  daily  stage  line.  Ridgeport  is  9 
miles  north,  and  is  reached  by  tri-weekly  stage  line. 
Boone  County  is  a  good  farming  connty,  is  well 
watered,  and  so  liberally  supplied  with  timber  that 
firewood  is  "  a  drug  in  the  markets  "  of  Boone  at 
$3.50  to  $4  per  cord.  Immense  beds  of  coal  are 
found  in  many  partt,  and  potters'  clay,  adapted  for 
making  stoneware  and  drain  tile,  is  everywhere  to 
bo  found  oelow  the  deep  rich  black  soil  of  the  sur- 
face. Good  building  stone  "  crops  oat "  along  the 
watercourses,  and  is  largely  quarried.  The  connty 
wa<  organized  in  1851,  and  now  has  19,000  popula- 


tion. The  DesMolnes  river  traverses  the  county 
from  north  to  south,  and  secures  perfect  drainage 
for  its  entire  surface. 

Moingona,  346  miles  from  Chicago,  is  on  the  Dei 
Hoines  river,  and  is  the  centre  of  the  coal  mining 
region  of  Central  Iowa.  The  Moingona  Coal  Co., 
and  the  North- Western  Coal  Co.,  each  have  three 
shafts,  and  together  "  take  out "  over  six  hundred 
tons  of  coal  daily.  The  population,  of  whom  one- 
half  are  miner  ,  number  about  one  thousand  per- 
sons. The  village  has  one  school,  two  churches, 
and  two—  The  Moingoua  and  The  Yankee— hotels. 
Fare  is  fumishec  at  $1.50  per  day. 

Ogden,  i? '2  miles  from  Chicago,  has  population 
of  abont  400  persons. 

Beaver,  357  miles  from  Chicago.  An  unimpor- 
tant station. 

Grand  Junction,  363  miles  from  Chicago.  Still 
running  nearly  due  west,  we  pass  into  Green 
county.  The  village  has  450  people,  one  school,  two 
churches,  and  two — The  Ashley,  by  J.  P.  Gnilick, 
and  The  St.  Lewis,  by  Jno.  Allen— fair  hotels, 
charging  $2  per  day.  The  village  is  built  on  rolling 
prairie.  This  station  is  of  considerable  importance, 
by  reason  of  its  being  the  point  where  we  cross 
THE  DBS  MOINES  &  FOKT  DODGE  RAILROAD,  that 
gives  us  close  connections  for  Des  Moin.es,  south, 
and  Fort  Dodge,  in  the  north.  Passengers  from 
the  East  or  from  the  West  should  go  to  Grand  Junc- 
tion, if  destined  for  Fort  Dodge. 

New  Jefferson,  370  miles  from  Chicago.  We 
are  now  at  the  connty  seat  of  Green  county.  The 
Raccoon  river  runs  diagonally  across  the  county 
from  its  northwest  to  its  southeast  corners,  thus 
thoroughly  supplying  the  entire  county  with  unfail- 
ing water,  as  every  few  miles  on  either  side  of  the 
main  river  are  lateral  streams  that,  fan  shape,  cover 
nearly  every  section  of  laud  in  the  county.  Im- 
mediately adjoining  New  Jetlereon  are  rich  prairies. 
The  village  has  1,000  population,  one  public  school 
occupying  a  building  that  cost  $20,000,  one  select 
school  or  academy,  four  churches,  two  banks,  a 
county  court  house  that  cost  $40,000,  and  several 

coal  mines.  The  Revere  House,  by Shercllff, 

and  The  Mansion,  by  C.  T.  Blake,  furnish  transient 
gnests  with  good  accommodations  at  $2  per  day. 
I'anora,  25  miles  south,  is  reached  weekly  by  stage. 

Scrantoii,  379  miles  west  of  Chicago,  is  three 


22 


TMI:  XOKTII  AND  WKST  ILLUSTRATED. 


miles  south  of  Coon  river,  that  furnishes  most 
excellent  fishing  for  pike,  bass,  pickerel,  etc.  The 
village  has  about  400  population,  one  school,  in 
house  that  cost  ?  5,000,  and  one  hotel— The  Hunter 
House,  by  F.  Foster,  who  charges  $2  per  day. 
Prairie  chickens  abound  here. 

Glidden,  389  miles  west  of  Chicago,  has  a  popu- 
lat'on  of  400,  and  is  in  the  midst  of  one  of  the 
best  shooting  regions  of  Iowa.  Two  considerable 
rivers  run  within  five  miles,  along  the  banks  of 
which  are  large  tracts  of  timber,  that  are  "full" 
of  deer,  wild  turkeys,  ana  other  forest  game,  while 


\ 


(Engraved  by  J.  H.  Bond  <k  Co.,  Chic 

the  contiguous  prairies  abound  with  prairie  chick- 
ens, snipe,  woodcock,  quail,  and  small  game,  and 
the  rivers,  creeks,  nnd  bayous  are  full  of  ducks, 
geese  and  biant  It  has  been  called  the  "sports- 
man's paradise,"  and  if  numbers  of  birds,  and 
great  variety  constitute  such  a  place,  it  is  not 
badly  named.  The  village  has  a  good  school,  one 
church,  a  public  hall  that  will  seat  300  persons,  and 
two  hotels—  The  Glidden  House,  by  N.  D.  Thur- 
man,  and  The  Dedrick,  by  J.  C.  Dedrick—  both  fur- 
nish excellent  quarters,  and  abundant  accommoda- 
tions for  the  sportsmen  who  frequent  the  village. 
Carroll,  3%  miles  west  of  Chicago.  We  have 
reached  Carroll  county,  and  find  one  of  the  fairest 


prairie  counties  that  "the  fun  has  shone  on"  in 
any  State.  Valleys  and  hills,  covered  with  a  dark,, 
rich  alluvial  soil,  produce  grasses  in  nnequaled 
quantities,  and  of  unsurpassed  nutritiousnees.  It 
is  eminently  a  grazing  and  corn-growing  county, 
and  with  its  neighbor  (Crawford)  on  the  west,  oflers 
unusual  inducements  to  the  emigrant  from  Europe 
or  the  East.  Being  a  new  county,  much  of  the  land 
is  still  unreclaimed  prairie,  nnd  can  be  bought  at 
prices  ranging  from  $5  to  $10  per  acre.  The  climate 
is  salubrious  and  healthful.  Being  in  the  great 
middle  belt  of  Iowa,  it  does  not  mffer  from  the 
extremes  of  winter  or  of 
summer.  The  Iowa  Rail- 
road Land  Company,  of 
vhich  mention  has  been 
made  elsewhere,  owns  large 
bodies  of  thi-j  productive 
land,  in  all  parts  of  this 
and  several  counties  west 
thereof.  This  company 
offers  rare  inducements  to 
the  settler,  sells  the  land 
at  low  rates  and  on  long 
time,  and  aids  the  pur- 
chaser in  every  way  possi- 
ble. No  small  inducement 
ofl'ered  to  the  land  buyer  of 
thi-  part  of  the  State  is  the 
fact  that  he  has  a  railroad 
at  hjs  door,  double  daily 
lines  of  palace  cars  to  take 
him  to  Chicago,  a  daily 
mail,  telegraph  lines,  and 
prompt  and  cheap  carriage 
of  his  products  to  any  mar- 
ket he  may  select. 

East  Side.402  miles  west 
of  Chicago.  An  unimpor- 
tant station,  just  east  of 
the  "  Big  Divide,"  or  the 
I  elevsted  land  dividing  the 
I  wateiflow  between  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Missouri  rivers. 
[  Arcadia,  406  miles  from 
J  Chicago,  has  a  population 
of  350,  and  is  on  the  "  Big 
Divide,"  before  named.  The 
surrounding  country  is  a 
vast  tunberless  prairie.  Wall 
Lake,  a  curiously  walled 
body  of  water,  is  12  miles 
northeast.  The  lake  is  14 
miles  in  circumference,  and 
is  entirely  surrounded  with  a  w  all  of  rock  that  ap- 
pears as  if  placed  there  by  human  hands.  Whence, 
why,  when  or  how  these  rocks  came,  none  know. 

"West  Side,  409  miles  from  Chicago.  Here  we 
find  the  streams  run  west,  and  find  an  outlet  in  the 
Missouri  river.  The  county  is  well  watered  with 
many1  "spring"  creeks,  having  dry  banks  and 
gravelly  beds.  Sloughs  or  bayoua  are  not 
found  in  this  vicinity.  The  fanner  can  plow  close 
to  the  water's  edge.  West  Side  has  450  people,  is 
on  the  east  branch  of  the  Boyer  river,  and  has  one 
school,  two  grain  elevators,  one  flour  mill  and  one 
hotel,  with  36  rooms.  The  land  in  this  vicinity  is 
being  rapidly  purchased  by  actual  settlers. 


Iowa—  page  23 

.) 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


Vail,  415  miles  from  Chicago.  This  station  is  in 
Crawford  county,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boyer  river, 
and  has  a  population  of  350  persons.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  elevated,  rolling  prairie,  and, 
unlike  much  table  land,  is  productive  to  the  high- 
est points  of  Jts  hills.  The  celebrated  and  nutri- 
tions "blue  stem,  or  joint  grass,"  covers  hill  and 
valley  alike,  and  is  not  unfrequently  found  growing 
to  the  height  of  four  to  six  feet.  Deloit,  a.  village 
that  was  laid  out  25  years  ago,  is  7  miles  northwest, 
and  is  reached  by  stage. 

Dcnnlsoii,  424  miles  west  of  Chicago.  Rapidly 
descending  the  "Big Divide"  we  reach  the  beau- 
tiful valley  of  the  main  Boyer  river,  that  ha?  f  >r  50 
years  been  noted  all  over  the 
Missouri  Valley  as  being  one 

of  the  most  beautiful  and  pro- 
ductive valleys  to  be  found  in 

any  country.     Its  black,  rich 

soil  is  from  four  to  sixteen  feet 

deep,  and  is,  apparently,  inex- 
haustible in  all  the  elements 

needed  for  the  growth  of  all 

the  grains  and  grasses.    Den- 

mson  is  the  county  seat  of 

Crawford  county,  baa   about 

s{,000  people.is  growing  rapidly, 

and  is  destined  at  no  distant 

day  to  be  a  large  city.    It  draws 

its   trade    from  many   miles 

north  and  south,  for  in  neither 

direction  is  there  a  railroad  for 

fully  60  miles.     It   has  one 

good  hotel,  The  Commercial. 

Dowville,  433  miles  from 
Chicago.     At    Dennison    the 
road  curves  southward,    and 
from   there   to   the   Missouri 
river  opposite  Omaha,  follows 
nearly  .&    southwest    course. 
The  village  of  Dowville  is  new, 
and  has  about  200  inhabitants.' 
It  has  a  good  school,  with  four 
religious  sects  worshiping  in  it 
on  alternate  Sundays,  one  flour 
mill,  one  grain  elevator  and 
two     hotels— The     Dowville 
House,  by  John  Rounds,  and 
The  Wiggins  House,  by  M.  G. 
Wiggins;  they  charge  $1.2.5  per 
day  for  meals   and  lodging. 
The  village  is  on  the  main  Boyer  river,  and  above 
all  danger  from  overflow.    Here  the  soil  is  of  unu- 
sual fertility;  seventy  bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre 
being  a  not  uncommon  crop.    On  the  farm  of  S.  K. 
Dow,  which  adjoins  the  village,  in  the  fall  of  1875, 
30,000  bust  els  of  corn  were  harve<  ted  from  400  acres. 

Dunlap,  441  miles  from  Chicago.  This  town,  of 
800  people,  is  in  Harrison  county,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1854,  and  has  now  about  13,000  population. 


The  village  was  laid  out  in  1869,  and  named  after 
George  L.  Dunlap,  the  then  General  Superintendent 
of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  K'y.  The  Boyer 
river  is  half  a  mile  west  of  the  village.  A  most 
excellent  eating  bouse  is  kept  by  Mrs.  Pierce  at  the 
station.  This  house  has  become  celebrated  for 
its  excellent  meals  all  over  the  Great  West,  and 
not  a  few  through  passengers  are  attracted  to  this 
line- by  the  fame  of  this  dining  station.  Costana 
is  a  post  village,  18  miles  west,  reached  by  stage. 

Woodbine,  451  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village 
of  300  people  situate  on  the  edge  of  the  great 
"  Missouri  Bottoms,"  as  the  wide  valley  of  the 
Missouri  river  ia  familiarly  called. 


Sioux  Falls. 


near  Sioux  Falls  City,  Dakota— page  24. 

Logan,  459  miles  from  Chicngo,  is  a  flourishing 
village  of  400  people,  surrounded  by  rich  valley 
prairie  land. 

Missouri  Valley  Junction,  467  miles  from 
Chicago.  The  place  was  formerly  known  as  St. 
Johns,  and  was  for  a  season  the  terminus  of  the 
road.  It  is  of  considerable  importance  by  reason  of 
its  being  the  southeastern  terminus  of  the  Sioux 
City  &  Pacific  Railroad. 


THE   SIOUX  CITY  &  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

_  This  railway  starts  from  Missouri  Valley  Junction,  and  runs  north  to  Sioux  City, 

»  miles,  and  has  a  branch  from  California  Junction  to  Fremont,  on  the  Union  Pacific 

Railroad,  47  miles  west  of  Omaha,   and  another  branch  running  from  Fremont  north- 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


west  to  Wisner.  This  line  of  railway  forms  the  western  link  in  our  Sioux  CITY  & 
YANKTON  LINE.  Over  this  line  Mondamin,  River  Sioux,  Onawa,  Sloan,  Sargent's 
Bluffs,  and  Sioux  City,  in  Iowa;  Blair,  Fremont,  West  Point,  Wisner,  and  other  points 
in  Nebraska,  and,  by  its  connection  with  the  DAKOTA  SOUTHERN  RAILROAD,  Elk  Point, 
Vermillion  and  Yankton,  are  reached  direct. 


California  Junction,  6  miles  from  Missouri 
Valley.  A  village  of  200  people,  surrounded  by  a 
flue  farming  country. 

Modale,  11  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  pop.  100. 
Has  one  hotel,  one  school  house,  and  one  church. 

Mondamin,  17  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  has 
a  population  of  200,  one  school,  one  hotel,  one 
church,  and  several  good  business  houses. 

River  Sioux,  24  miles  from  Missouri  Valley. 
The  village  Little  Sioux  is  iy»  miles  from  the  sta- 
tion, and  has  a  population  of  300.  Tekamah  and 
Argona  are  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and 
distant  3  miles  by  ferry  and  stage.  Game  abounds 
in  this  vicinity,  deer  being  especially  plentiful. 
This  station  was  the  first  one  opened  (Oct.  1,  1867) 
on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  R.  R. 

Blencoe,  32  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  is  a 
non-important  station. 

Onawa,  39  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  is  the 
county  seat  of  Monona  county,  which  was  organized 
in  1854,  and  has  a  population  of  6,000.  A  large 
proportion  of  the  count}-  is  valley  land,  upwards 
of  165,000  acres  being  in  the  valley  of  the  Missouri 
river.  The  eastern  portion  of  the  county,  a  high 
rolling  prairie,  is  well  waterecl-  and  drained  by  the 
Maple  and  Soldier  rivers,  anu  'by  Willow  creek, 
which  are  bordered  jy  large  bodies  of  timber. 
Onawa  has  a  population  of  900,  and  has  one  good 
school  occupying  a  brick  building  which  cost  $25,000, 
three  churches,  two  newspapers,  and  two  hotels— 
The  Western,  by  T.  C.  Walton,  and  The  Onawa,  by 
D.  J.  Rockwell — charges  $2  per  day.  A  stage  leaves 
daily  for  Decatur,  Neb.,  distant  12  miles,  fare  $1.50; 
and  tri-weekly  for  Castana,  Mapleton,  Smithland, 
and  Ida  Grove,  Iowa. 

Whiting,  47  miles  from  Missouri  Valley.  This 
is  an  .unimportant  station,  and  was  named  after 
S.  C.  Whiting,  the  first  settler  in  this  county. 

Sloan,  55  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  is  in 
Woodbury  county,  one  mile  south  of  the  county 
fine;  population  100;  it  has  one  school  house  and 
one  hotel.  The  su  rronnding  country  is  valley  land, 
with  an  unusually  de.ep  and  productive  soil,  Game 
is  plentiful;  prairie  chickens,  ducks,  geese  and 
quail  are  found  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Deer 


are  also  found  in  considerable  numbers.  Smith- 
land  is  on  the  Little  Sioux  river,  16  miles  east. 
Oto  is  20  miles  east.  Farming  lands  in  this  vicinity 
can  be  purchased  from  $5  to  $12  per  acre.  The 
reservations  of  the  Omaha  and  Winnebago  Indians 
are  in  Nebraska,  opposite  Sloan.  The  Indians  at 
these  reservations  number  about  3,500. 

Salix,  61  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  is  an  unim- 
portant station,  established  in  1865. 

Sargent' s  Bl  ufl's,  68 miles  from  Missouri  Valley, 
is  1#  miles  from  Missouri  river  ;  population,  300; 
it  has  two  brick  school  houses,  two  churches  and 
one  hotel— The  City,  by  J.  A.  Risley.  The  village 
is  located  on  a  bluff,  and  overlooks  the  surrounding 
country  from  30  to  50  miles. 

Sioux  City,  75  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  ia 
the  county  seat  of  Woodbury  county,  which  was 
organized  in  1851  under  the  name  of  Wahkaw, 
which  was  changed  to  Woodbury  in  1853.  Popula- 
tion is  9,000.  This  county  is  well  watered  and 
drained  by  the  Missouri,  Big  Sioux,  Floyd.  Little 
Sioux  and  Maple  rivers.  The  streams  abound  with 
fish;  and  deer,  turkeys,  geese,  ducks,  quail  and 
prairie  chickens  are  abundant.  The  lona  volcano, 
in  Dixon  county.  Neb.,  is  25  miles  distant,  and  ia 
reached  by  stage.  Sioux  Falls,  on  the  Big  Sioux 
river,  80  miles  north  of  Sioux  City,  and  the  famous 
pipestone  quarries,  are  well  worthy  of  a  vint.  Sioux 
City,  with  a  population  of  6,500,  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  the  Missouri  river,  immediately  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Floyd,  and  two  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Big  Sioux.  There  are  ten  organized 
churches,  two  school  buildings,  costing  $60,000, 
and  three  less  expensive  buildings,  in  which  are 
employed  upwards  of  20  teachers.  Its  hotels  are 
The  Hubbard,  St.  Elmo  and  Depot,  which  can  ac- 
commodate 300  guests,  at  $2  per  day.  The  Academy 
of  Music,  a  fine  brick  building,  will  seat  1,000  per- 
sons, and  cost  $45,000 .  Three  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here,  and  from  this  point  stage  lines  are  run 
daily  through  Comngton,  Dakota  City,  the  Winne- 
bago and  Omaha  Indian  agencies,  Decatur,  Teka- 
••mah.  to  Herman.  Neb.,  and  semi-weekly  for  Cor- 
rectionville,  Portlandville,  and  Sioux  Falls  City. 


THE  DAKOTA  SOUTHERN  RAILROAD. 

The  Dakota  Southern  Railroad  starts  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  enters  the  Terri- 
tory of  Dakota  at  the  extreme  southeast  corner,  and  runs  through  the  flourishing 
counties  of  Union,  Clay  and  Yankton  to  the  city  of  Yankton,  the  capital  of  Dakota, 
where  it  connects  with  the  Missouri  River  Transportation  Co.'s  line  of  steamers  for 
the  Upper  Missouri.  The  Dakota  Southern,  in  connection  with  this  line  of  steamers, 
runs  nearly  diagonally  through  the  territory  to  Fort  Benton,  Montana,  and  has  opened 
to  settlement  a  large  part  of  the  best  country  both  in  Dakota  and  Northern  Nebraska. 
This  steamboat  line  furnishes  an  outlet  to  the  Yellowstone  and  Upper  Missouri.  One 
of  the  shortest  and  best  routes  to  the  New  Gold.  Fields  of  the  Black  Hills  is  by  the 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY.  25 

Dakota  Southern  Railroad  to  Yankton,  the  present  terminus;  thence  by  steamer  up 
the  Missouri  river.  Elk  Point  is  21  miles  from  Sioux  City,  is  the  county  seat  of  Union 
county,  and  has  1,500  population.  Vermillion  is  84  miles  from  Sioux  City,  is  the 
county  seat  of  Clay  county,  has  1,600  population,  and  is  an  important  stage  point. 

Yankton,  the  capital  of  this  Territory  and  its  largest  town,  is  commandingly 
situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Missouri  river  at  the  western  terminus  of  the  Dakota 
Southern  R.  R.,  and  the  starting  point  of  all  steamers  for  the  Upper  Missouri,  Yellowstone 
and  Black  Hills.  It  is  now  the  chief  commercial  center  for  Dakota,  and  is  destined  to 
be  the  chief  commercial  and  railroad  center  for  the  whole  vast  region  of  Northern 
Nebraska,  Dakota,  and  the  rich  mineral  district  of  the  Black  Hills.  It  already  ships 
1,500,000  bushels  of  wheat,  which  is  increasing  fifty  per  cent,  annually.  It  has  an 
immense  stretch  of  country  tributary  to  it  north,  south  and  west,  and  owing  to  its  rapid 
settlement,  nearly  all  the  immigration  first  coming  to  Yankton  thence  radiating  from 
it  in  all  directions,  it  offers  superior  inducements  to  all  kinds  of  business.  Popula- 
tion, 3,700. 

Passengers  destined  for  any  of  these  points  should  buy  their  tickets  to  Sioux 
City  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway.  At  Sioux  City  they  can  buy  tickets 
to  Sioux  Falls  City,  Elk  Point,  Vermillion,  Yankton,  or  the  country  tributary. 

THE  Sioux  CITY  &  PEMBINA  RAILROAD. 

From  Davis  Junction,  a  few  miles  west  of  Sioux  City,  and  on  the  Dakota  Southern 
Railway,  a  line  of  railroad  is  being  built  northward.  It  is  now  finished  to  Portland- 
mile,  30  miles  northwest  of  Sioux  City  and  on  the  west  side  of  the  Big  Sioux  river,  and 
is  being  pushed  towards  Pembina,  in  the  northeastern  corner  of  the  Territory.  It 
will  run  through  Sioux  Falls  City  and  the  Mennonite  settlements  up  the  river.  A  daily 
line  of  stages,  owned  by  C.  H.  Howard,  runs  from  Portlandville  to  Sioux  Falls  City. 
The  Chicago  and  North-Western  Railway,  in  its  Chicago  offices,  sells  through  tickets 
to  Portlandville  and  Sioux  Falls  City  by  this  route. 

The  Sioux  Falls  are  beautifully  situated  on  the  Big  Sioux  river,  dividing  Iowa  and 
Dakota  Territory,  and  are  celebrated  for  their  romantic  scenery,  peculiar  rocky 
formation,  and  furnishing  as  well  one  of  the  finest  water  powers  in  the  country,  hav- 
ing a  fall  of  100  feet. 

Sioux  Falls  City  is  located  at  the  Falls,  and  is  the  centre  of  one  of  the  finest  agri- 
cultural districts  in  the  West,  the  crop  of  1875  being  absolutely  unequaled  in  any 
part  of  the  United  States,  and  it  caused  the  projection  of  the  Sioux  City  &  Pembina 
Railroad  named  above,  (leased  by  the  Dakota  Southern  Railway,)  which  runs  into  the 
very  heart  of  this  vast  grain  producing  country,  and  is  found  to  be  a  very  valuable 
feeder.  It  is  the  favorite  summer  resort  in  this  part  of  the  country,  the  river  affording 
excellent  fishing  and  the  surrounding  country  fine  shooting,  besides  magnificent 
scenery.  Here  is  found  the  celebrated  red  pipestone  quarry,  held  in  almost  religious 
veneration  by  the  Indians.  Indians  of  all  tribes  and  from  all  quarters  of  the  conti- 
nent here  congregate  on  what  is  considered  neutral  ground,  and  procure  material  for 
carving  out  their  truly  artistic  pipes;  the  marble  is  bright  red,  and  is  capable  of  a 
high  degree  of  polish.  There  are  good  hotels  in  Sioux  Falls  City,  also  two  newspapers, 
churches,  public  schools,  and  all  the  advantages  that  can  be  desired  for  absolute 
settlers  or  visitors  on  business  or  pleasure. 


26 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


DAKOTA. 


The  Territory  of  Dakota  lies  between  the  42d  and 
49th  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  between  the 
19th  and  27th  degrees  west  from  Washington,  ex- 
tending 400  miles  in  length  from  Nebraska,  on  the 
south,  to  British  Columbia,  on  the  north;  and 
stretches  from  east  to  west  nearly  700  miles  from 
the  western  borders  of  Minnesota  and  Iowa  on  the 
east,  to  Wyoming  and  Montana  territories  on  the 
west.  It  embraces  an  area  of  150,000  square  miles 
or  90,000,000  acres.  It  is  as  large  as  the  empire  of 
France,  and  twice  as  large  as  England,  Ireland, 
Scotland  and  Wales  combined.  Of  this  vast  terri- 


Table  Rock,  Sioux  Falls,  Dakota— 

tory  only  the  southeastern  border  is  now  occupied. 
A  population  of  30,000  white  inhabitants  occupy 
scarcely  two  per  cent,  of  its  acres;  and  under  the 
wise  provision  of  the  Government,  which  secures 
for  the  head  of  every  household  a  free  farm  of  160 
acres,  there  are  yet  remaining  homes  for  nearly  a 
million  families.  Dakota  possesses  some  of  the 
grandest  natural  scenery  upon  the  American  Con- 
tinent. 

The  Missouri  river  crosses  the  territory  from  east 
to  west  diagonally;  the  Big  Sioux,  the  Vermillion, 


the  James,  the  Yellowstone  and  Red  River  of  the 
North  flow  within  its  borders,  while  along  their 
banks  grow  majestic  forests,  which  add  health, 
wealth  and  beauty  to  the  land.  The  Black  Hills 
loom  up  gigantically  to  the  westward  of  the  Mis- 
souri, bearing  on  their  slopes  and  summits  immense 
forests  of  pine  and  cedar,  and  in  their  bowels  inex- 
haustible quantities  of  the  useful  and  precious 
minerals;  while  the  Yellowstone  region  abounds 
in  natural  scenery  which  combines  the  grandeur  of 
the  Alps  with  the  quiet,  fairy-like  scenery  of 
Killarney. 

But  Dakota  possesses  some- 
thing more  of  which  her  people 
are  prouder  than  of  all  that  has 
been  enumerated;  she  has  bound- 
less prairies  awaiting  the  hand  of 
the  immigrant,  a  soil  rich  and 
productive,  and  a  climate  unri- 
valed by  that  of  any  Northern 
State.  To  these,  reader,  you  are 
invited  to  come. 

Dakota,  with  its  vast  and  vari- 
ous undeveloped  resources,  pre- 
sents as  promising  fields  for  the 
investment  of  capital  as  any 
country  in  the  world.  Its  clear 
and  rapid  streams  seem  expressly 
calculated  by  nature  for  the 
operations  of  milling,  mining 
and  manufacturing.  Its  bound- 
less prairies  promise  a  remarkable 
return  to  the  stock-raiser  and 
farmer.  Its  rich  soil  yields  an. 
abundant  harvest  to  the  husband- 
man, and  its  gay  and  growing 
towns  and  villages  afford  a  good 
trade  to  merchants,  and  profita- 
ble employment  to  mechanics. 

Here  w«  give  a  list  of  the  prin- 
cipal towns  in  Southern  Dakota : 
Sioux  Falls,  Minnehaha  county, 
pop.  1,000,  location  Big  Sioux 
Valley;  Yankton,  Yankton  coun- 
ty, pop.  3,700,  location  Terminus 
D.  S.  R.  R. ;  Vermillion,  Clay 
county,  pop.  2,000,  location  D.  S. 
R.  R.;  Elk  Point,  Union  county, 
pop.  1,600,  location  D.  S.  R.  R. ; 
page  25.  Meckling,  Union  county,  pop. 

300,  location  D.  S.  R.  R. ;  Gayville,  Yankton  county, 
pop.  500,  location  D.  S.  R.  R. ;  Springfield,  Bon- 
homme  county,  pop.  600,  location  Missouri  Valley; 
Canton,  Lincoln  county,  pop.  400,  location  Big  Sioux 
Valley. 

In  addition  to  these,  there  are  a  score  of  new 
villages,  whose  populations  range  from  50  to  300  in- 
habitants. Among  the  latter  is  Rockport,  on  the 
James  (or  Dakota)  river,  lately  established  by  the 
Army  and  Navy  Colony  of  Chicago,  which  is  pro- 
gressing finely. 


DAKOTA'S  AGRICULTURAL  WEALTH. 


Statistical  Information  is  yet  so  imperfect  con- 
cerning the  agricultural  productions  of  Dakota, 
that  we  are  forced  to  select  a  few  of  the  oldest 


settled  counties  for  example,  and  ns  a  basis  of  cal- 
culation, in  figuring  on  the  territory's  agricultural 
wealth.  We  take,  therefore,  for  example,  the 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


27 


counties  of  Union,  Clay  and  Yankton,  through 
which  the  Dakota  Southern  Railroad  runs.  Union 
county,  which  is  the  most  southerly  in  the  territory, 
contains  540  square  miles  of  land,  one-half  of  which 
is  bottom  land  lying  in  the  valleys  of  the  Missouri 
and  Sioux  rivers.  In  this  county  the  soil  is  a  dark 
loam,  and  varies  in  depth  from  two  to  seven  feet. 
It  is  pre-eminently  the  great  corn  raising  county  of 
the  territory,  contains  a  population  of  4,500  inhabit- 
ants, and  is  bountifully  supplied  with  water  and 
timber  It  is  not  uncommon  to  see  corn  grow  from 
ten  to  twelve  feet  high,  and  to  yield  as  much  as 
eighty  bushels  per  acre,  in  this  county.  Its  total  tax- 
ation for  1814,  according  to  authority  of  the  Register 
of  Deeds,  amounts  to  thirteen  mills  upon  the  dol- 
lar. Seven  years  ago  many  men  located  upon  free 
lands  in  this  county  without  a  hundred  dollars  cap- 
ital, whose  farms  with  improvements  to-day  are 
worth  $10,000.  To  every  poor  agriculturist  in  the 
East  we  ofl'er  the  friendly  advice,  "  Go  thou  and  do 
likewise."  The  actual  value  of  real  and  personal 
property  in  Union  county  is  estimated  at  $2,500,000. 

Clay  couuty,  which  adjoins  Union  on  the  west, 
contains,  according  to  official  returns,  a  population 
of  4,402.  It  is  the  model  wheat  raising  county  of 
the  tenitory,  and  at  an  average  yield  will  produce 
more  than  a  million  bushels  of  wheat  in  1876.  Land 
which  the  Government  gave  to  settlers  free  five 
years  ago  is  now  worth  $20  an  acre.  It  contains  396 
square  miles  of  land,  and  is  bountifully  watered  and 
timbered.  Taxation  here  amounts  to  one  per  cent. 

Yanktou  couuty,  which  contains  Yunkton  city, 


the  capital  of  Dakota,  the  most  important  town  of 
the  territory,  and  the  seat  of  government,  is  in 
the  third  tier  of  counties  west  from  Iowa.  Its  soil, 
surface  and  agricultural  productions  are  like  those 
of  Union  and  Clay  counties.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Missouri  and  James  rivers,  and  rnuny  minor 
streams,  along  whose  banks  grow  beautiful  groves 
of  cottonwood  and  hardwood  timber.  Within  the 
last  year  its  population  and  wealth  have  so  increased 
that  it  now  ranks  as  the  foremost  county  of  the 
territory  in  these  particu'ars.  Comparatively 
little  of  its  land  Is  cultivated,  scarcely  ten  per 
cent.,  yet  the  Yankton  Press  estimates  that  it  will 
produce  a  million  bushels  of  wheat  in  1876.  Taxa- 
tion in  this  county  ranges  from  eleven  to  thirteen 
and  a  half  mills  upon  the  dollar. 

These  counties,  as  we  have  said,  are  cited  as  ex- 
amples. Their  soil,  climate  and  natural  advan- 
tages generally  are  no  better  than  those  of  other 
counties,  and  the  Government  offers,  free,  to  those 
who  desire  to  take  it,  farming  land,  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  line  of  this  road,  as  productive, 
and  in  every  way  as  good  as  any  lands  in  the  West. 

It  is  asserted  without  fear  of  successful  contra- 
diction that  the  best  Government  lands  remaining 
unclaimed,  land  equal  for  soil,  and  in  producing 
capacity  to  the  richest  valleys  of  New  York  or  the 
choicest  prairies  of  Illinois,  lie  in  Dakota  Territory, 
within  easy  distance  of  the  Dakota  Southern  Rail- 
road. Every  variety  of  crop  grown  in  any  Northern 
State  will  yield  abundantly  here,  and  160  acres  of 
this  land  may  be  had  for  the  taking  of  it. 


How  TO  OBTAIN  A  FJIEE  FARM  IN  DAKOTA. 


Many  good  men,  deeply  anxious  to  better  their 
condition  by  emigrating  to  a  new  country,  and 
taking  free  farms  on  Government  lands,  are  de- 
terred from  so  doing  through  ignorance  of  the  way 
in  which  a  farm  is  secured.  The  occupation  of 
Government  land  is  simple  and  easy.  For  exam- 
ple, a  resident  of  Illinois  desires  to  obtain  a  farm 
of  160  acres  in  Dakota.  Let  him  come  to  Sioux 
City,  Iowa,  vii  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
Railway,  and  then  take  the  cars  of  the  Dakota 
Southern  Ruilroad  for  Yankton,  the  seat  of  the 
land  office  for  the  most  southerly  land  district  in 
the  territory,  and  there  he  will  be  supplied  with 
maps  or  plats,  which  will  guide  him  to  the  unoccu- 


pied claims.  After  selecting  the  160  acres  most 
suitable  to  him,  he  returns  to  the  land  office,  pays  a 
fee  of  $14,  and  then  returns  for  his  family  to  the 
East,  if,  indeed  his  family  is  not  along  with  him. 
The  officers  of  the  Government  will  cheerfully  sup- 
ply all  desired  information  )  elative  to  the  taking  of 
free  land.  U.  S.  Land  Offices  are  situated  at  three 
convenient  points  in  the  territory,  and  to  gain  any 
desired  information  it  is  only  necessary  to  address 
these  offices  respectively  as  follows  :— Hon.  G.  H. 
Hand,  Register,  U.  S.  Land  Office,  Yankton,  D.  T. ; 
L.  D.  F.  Poore,  Register,  U.  S.  Land  Office,  Spring- 
field, D.  T.;  Col.  B.  F.  Campbell,  Register,  U.  S. 
Land  Office,  Sioux  Falls,  D.  T. 


THE  MENNONITES. 


In  1873,  a  class  of  immigrants  hitherto  unheard 
of  in  the  United  States,  settled  in  Dakota  in  large 
numbers,  and  continue  to  come,  from  week  to 
week,  and  from  day  to  day.  By  the  accident  of 
birth  they  are  nominally  Russians,  but  in  blood, 
spirit  and  religion  they  are  Germans.  These  immi- 
grants are  composed  of  two  classes,  Russian  pro- 
testantsand  Mennonites,  the  latter  class  forming 
a  majority  of  the  new  comers.  The  Mennonites 
(so  called  from  Simon  Menno,  a  German,  who 
founded  their  sect,)  settled  in  Russia  in  the  reign 
of  Catherine  II.  To  them  was  made  a  solemn 
and  binding  promise  and  agreement,  that  on  con- 
dition of  their  settling  upon  Russian  territory,  they 
and  their  heirs  should  for  all  time  enjoy  absolute 
freedom  in  the  exercise  of  their  religious  faith,  and 


in  accordance  with  the  teachings  of  their  religion 
and  the  dictates  of  their  consciences,  they  were 
absolved  from  the  duty  of  bearing  arms  for  the 
state,  and  were  granted  certain  municipal  privileges 
not  enjoyed  by  Russian  citizens.  During  the  reign 
of  the  Czar  Nicholas,  the  Government  kept  the 
contract  in  good  faith,  and  the  Mennonites  pros- 
pered and  multiplied.  But  the  son  and  successor 
of  Nicholas.  Alexander,  the  present  monarch  of 
Russia,  violated  the  pledges  made  by  his  prede- 
cessors, and  insisted  that  if  these  people  were  to 
live  in  Russia  they  would  be  bound  to  become 
Russians  in  law,  and  military  service,  and  he  forth- 
with submitted  to  them  the  alternative  of  naturali- 
zation or  emigration.  In  the  conflict  of  affections, 
conscience  triumphed  over  interest,  and  they  de- 


28 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


tennined,  as  did  the  Puritan  fathers,  to  abandon  the 
homes  of  themselves  and  their  fathers,  that  they 
might  live  in  a  land  where  every  man  is  a  king,  and 
where  religion  is  not  prescribed  by  statutory  en- 
actments. 

They  determined  to  leave  the  old  homes  in  Rus- 
sia and  seek  new  homes  in  Dakota.  Thus  has 
Russia's  tyranny  proved  Dakota's  gain;  and  as 
religious  intolerance  in  France  gave  the  Huguenots 
to  Carolina,  as  British  persecution  swelled  the  ranks 
of  the  American  Revolutionary  army  with  Irish 
Catholics;  and  as  religious  bigotry  sowed  the  seed 
from  which  sprung  this  mighty  Republic,  so  Rus- 
sian despotism  bids  fair  to  furnish  hone  and  mus- 
cle for  an  American  State  of  Dakota.  Already 
have  1000  families  of  these  industrious  immigrants 
made  their  homes  on  the  rolling  prairies  of  Dakota, 
north  of  Yankton  City  and  westward  from  the 
valley  of  the  James  river.  Though  their  earliest 
settlement  is  little  over  a  year  old,  they  will  add 
liberally  to  the  grain  product  of  Dakota  in  1876, 
some  of  them  having  already  planted  not  less  than 
100  acres  of  wheat.  They  come  not  as  a  majority 
of  foreign  immigrants  come,  with  mind  and  muscle 
alone  as  their  capital.  They  bring  with  them,  in 


gold  and  greenbacks,  the  accumulated  savings  of 
generations,  and  a  knowledge  of  agriculture  and 
arts,  acquired  by  themselves,  or  transmitted  to 
them  by  preceding  generations. 

Their  knowledge  they  are  applying  to  the  develop- 
ment of  Dakota's  natural  resources,  and  their 
capital  is  being  liberally  invested  in  building  up  the 
city  of  Yankton,  or  in  promoting  its  trade  and  in- 
dustry. 

Their  poorest  family  owns  $500  at  least,  while 
many  of  them  own  amounts  of  money  ranging 
from  $1,000  to  $50,000.  Sheep  raising  with  them 
is  a  favorite  and  lucrative  industry,  and  as  the 
grassy  prairies  of  Dakota  are  admirably  suited  to 
this  purpose,  they  propose  to  enter  largely  into 
sheep  raising  here. 

One  of  their  wealthiest  men,  whose  capital  is 
estimated  at  the  enormous  sum  of  $200,000,  pro- 
poses to  ship  400  Russian  sheep,  of  an  extra  fine 
breed,  all  the  way  from  Russia  to  Dakota,  during 
the  coming  year. 

Almost  all  of  these  people  reached  the  territory  by 
passing  over  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway, 
and  all  of  them  advise  their  friends  to  seek  this 
line. 


DAKOTA'S  INVOCATION. 


Reader,  if  you  are  in  quest  of  pleasure— that 
pure  and  unalloyed  pleasure  found  in  observing  and 
contemplating  the  beautiful  and  wonderful  works 
of  God— let  us  call  your  attention  to  Dakota. 

Have  you  ever  seen  that  curious,  beautiful  and 
magnificent  freak  of  nature,  Big  Sioux  Falls  ? 

Have  you  ever  stood  upon  the  prairies  of  Dakota, 
and  breathed  the  air  which  cures  consumption  ? 

Did  you  ever  travel  over  the  Dakota  Southern 
Railroad,  which  passes  along  the  wooded  margin  of 
the  "mighty  Missouri,"  and  across  the  Missouri 
Valley,  the  largest  and  most  fertile  valley  of  North 
America  ? 

Did  you  ever  stand  upon  the  deck  of  an  Upper 
Missouri  river  steamboat  and  gaze  upon  the  en- 
chanting scenery  along  the  serpentine  windings 
of  the  mighty  stream  ? 

Have  you  seen  the  Yellowstone  Park,  with  its 
natural  fountains,  geysers  and  lakes,  and  its  endless 
miles  of  walks  and  drives,  macadamized  by  the 
hand  of  nature  ? 

If  you  have  never  beheld  any  of  these  scenes, 
visit  Dakota  before  visiting  Switzerland,  and  be 
convinced  that  in  America  there  is  scenery,  which 
in  point  of  curiosity  and  grandeur,  is  unrivaled  by 
anything  in  the  world.  To  anglers,  hunters,  or 
fowlers,  Dakota  offers  great  inducements,  being 
perfectly  alive  with  game  of  all  kinds,  from  the 
mighty  elk  and  buffalo  to  the  lively  little  squirrel 
of  the  woods;  from  the  king  of  birds,  the  soaring 
eagle,  to  the  smallest  quail  or  snipe;  or  from  a 
hundred-pound  catfish  to  that  delicious  morsel,  a 
speckled  trout  of  the  stream;  in  short,  sportsmen 
have  universally  proclaimed  Dakota  the  happy 
hunting  grounds  of  the  West.  Botanists,  geologists, 

ON  THE  WESTERN  LINES  OF  THE  SIOUX  CITT  &  PACIFIC  R.  R. 

After  our  hasty  view  of   Dakota  and  its  railways,  we  will  return  to  Missouri 
Valley  Junction,  and  take  a  hasty  glance  at  the  western  branches  of  the  Sioux  City 


and  scientists  find  here  a  new  field  for  their  re- 
searches, and  are  daily  adding  specimens  of  some- 
thing new  from  the  wonderful  works  of  the  great' 
Creator  of  the  Universe.  We  may  mention  here, 
for  the  benefit  of  botanists,  that  cacti  of  many  kinds 
abound,  and  that  curious  shrub,  the  sensitive  plant, 
here  flourishes  in  a  wild  state. 

Antiquarians  in  search  of  fossil  remains  of  extinct 
animals  and  petrifactions,  moss-agates,  and  other 
curiosities  and  trophies,  both  ancient  and  modern, 
will  have  every  reason  to  be  pleased  should  they 
visit  this  part  of  the  world,  for  Dakota  is  particu- 
larly rich  in  the  above  specimens.  One  petrifaction 
was  lately  sold  for  $2,000,  and  went  East,  being 
quite  a  success  as  an  exhibition. 

Last,  but  by  no  means  least,  the  Indian  may  be 
seen  in  all  his  native  simplicity,  and  this  without 
any  danger  whatever,  the  country  having  military 
forts  surrounding  them  on  all  sides,  and  the  sports- 
man can  join  with  the  genuine  Indians  in  their  wild 
and  exciting  sports.  The  Crown  Prince  of  Russia 
and  suite,  on  their  late  visit  to  this  country,  enjoyed 
the  buft'alo  hunt  more  than  anything  else.  In  fact, 
we  can  guarantee  more  variety  of  amusement  to 
the  Tourist  than  any  other  part  of  the  United 
States. 

We  will  only  add  that  the  hotels  through  the 
country  are  good,  well  kept,  and  charges  reasonable. 

We  have  given  this  much  of  our  space  to  this  new 
territory,  not  alone  on  account  of  our  controlling 
the  line  of  railway  into  its  southern  border,  but 
because,  as  will  be  seen  elsewhere  in  this  book, 
one  of  our  own  lines  penetrates  and  runs  some 
miles  into  the  State  from  its  eastern  border. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


29 


&  Pacific  Railroad.  We  leave  Missouri  Valley  Junction,  and  follow  the  main  (or 
Sioux  City)  line  to  California  Junction,  cross  the  Missouri  river  by  a  steam  ferry,  and 
reach 


Blair,  13  miles  from  Missouri  Valley.  This  is 
the  county  seat  of  Washington  county,  Neb.,  which 
was  organized  in  1855,  and  has  a  population  of 
8,000.  The  surface  of  the  country  is  rolling  prairie, 
is  well  watered,  and  has  abundance  of  timber. 
Blair  has  a  population  of  2,000,  one  bank,  two 
schools,  one  occupying  a  building  costing  $15,000; 
three  churches,  one  flouring  mill,  two  grain  eleva- 
tors, with  £  capacity  each  of  30,000  bushels,  and 
three  hotels— The  Blair  House,  by  E.  E.  Keily;  The 
Germaine,  by  H.  Teirs;  and  The  Farmers',  by  Robt. 
Schetchley.  A  stage  line  runs  to  Hermanjfnre  50c. ; 
Tekamah,  $1.25;  Decatur,  $2.50;  and  Dakota  City, 
$5.50. 

Kannard,  25  miles  from  Mis- 
souri Valley. 

Bell  Creek,  29  miles  from 
Missouri  Valley,  was  laid  out  in 
1869;  has  a  population  of  200,  is 
located  on  an  elevated  plateau 
between  Bell  creek  and  the  Elk- 
horn  river;  has  one  hotel,  The 
Eagle  House,  by  S.  Masters;  one 
grain  elevator  and  one  flour  mill. 

Fremont,  37  miles  from  Mis- 
souri Valley,  is  the  county  seat  of 
Dodge  county,  and  is,  via  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles 
west  of  Omaha,  and  is  at  the  junc- 
tion of  th  it  line  and  the  Sioux 
City  &  Pacific  Railroad.  The 
country  surrounding  Fremont  is 
not  surpassed  by  any  in  the  West 
for  productiveness  of  soil.  Fre- 
mont has  a  population  of  3,000,  a 
fine  opera  house,  two  news- 
papers, seven  grain  elevators,  and 
several  hotels,  of  which  The 
Occidental,  by  C.  Q.  Pascall,  Is 
the  best.  From  this  station  in 
1875  one  million  bushels  of  grain 
were  shipped. 

Nickerson,  45  miles  from  Mis. 
souri  Valley.  This  town  is  situa- 
ted on  the  Elkhorn  river,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Maple,  and  is 
surrounded  by  some  of  the  best 
lands  that  are  to  be  found  in 
Nebraska.  Population  of  the  vil- 
lage is  200.  It  has  one  hotel, 
The  Bassler  House,  $1.50  per  day.  Fontenelle  is 
one  mile  east,  and  has  a  population  of  200.  It  has 
one  school,  three  churches,  and  several  business 
houses.  Calhoun  and  Jamestown  are  tributary  to 
Nickerson. 

Hooper,  53  miles  from  Missouri  Valley.  This 
village  is  less  than  two  years  old,  and  has  a  popula- 
tion of  300.  It  has  two  grain  elevators,  with  a  ca- 
pacity of  20,000  bushels;  three  hotels,  a  spacious 
town  hall,  and  two  flour  mills.  Stages  run  tri- 
weekly to  Logan,  2  miles ;  Oakland,  17  miles ;  Lyons, 
22  miles,  and  Decatur,  45  miles;  and  semi-weekly 
for  Maple,  7  miles,  and  Everett,  14  miles  distant. 
To  the  fanner  seeking  a  home  in  the  West, 


this  portion  of  Nebraska  offers  unusual  advan- 
tages. 

Scribner,  60  miles  from  Missouri  Valley.  This 
village,  only  two  years  old,  and  having  a  population 
of  300,  is  situated  in  the  valley  of  the  Elkhorn 
river.  It  has  two  flour  mills,  one  grain  elevator, 
and  two  hotels— The  Culver  House,  at  $2  per  day, 
and  The  Farmers',  at  $1.50. 

Crowell,  65  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  Is  a 
small  village,  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  agricultural 
country. 

West  Point,  73  miles  from  Missouri  Valley,  Is 
the  county  seat  of  Cuuiming  county,  Neb.,  which 
was  organized  m!857.  and  h:is  a  population  of  7,000. 


Agnes  Park,  near  HIM  City,  In  the  Black  Hills,  Dakota. 


West  Point  has  a  population  of  1,200,  and  has  one 
flour  mill,  two  banks,  one  grain  elevator,  one  news- 
paper, county  court  house,  which  cost  $40,000;  one 
brick  hotel  -  The  Neligh  House— that  cost  $15,000 ; 
one  public  hall,  and  about  twenty  stores.  Popula- 
tion consists  largely  of  Germans,  Bohemians  and 
Swedes.  It  has  a  good  public  school,  with  three 
departments ;  three  churches,  a  masonic  and  an  odd 
fellows'  hall,  and  two  fire  companies. 

Wlsner,  88  miles  from  Missouri  Valley.  This 
village  was  laid  out  in  1871,  and  has  a  population  of 
about  600;  it  controls  a  large  trade  with  the  sur- 
rounding country,  and  from  100  to  150  miles  up  the 
Elkhorn  valley.  The  valley  of  the  Elkhorn  Is  one 


30 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


of  the  most  beautiful  and  productive  in  the  world; 
about  5  mill's  in  width  and  about  150  miles  in  length. 
Much  of  its  laud  is  still  sparsely  settled,  and  can 
be  purchased  from  $4  to  $10  per  acre.  Horse-shoe, 
Deer,  Swan,  Goose,  Pickerel,  Beaver  and  Bull-head 
lakes  are  from  one  to  four  miles  from  Wisner,  and 
are  full  of  fish.  Wild  game  is  also  very  plentiful, 
amongst  which  are  the  antelope,  deer,  geese,  ducks, 
prairie  chicken  and  quail.  The  hotels  are— The 
Elkhorn  Valley  and  The  Wisner.  La  Porte,  popu- 
lation, 200, 15  miles:  Stanton,  population,  200,  dis- 
tant 18  miles  northwest;  Norfolk,  population,  500, 


33  miles  west ;  Madison,  30  miles  west ;  Battle 
Creek,  Oakdale,  Xel'.g.'  City  and  O'Neill  City,  are 
all  tributary  to  and  are  reached  from  Wisner  by 
stage  lines.  Wisner  is  an  important  outfitting 
post  for  persons  destined  for  the  Elack  Hills  of 
Dakota,  and  offers  many  facilities  in  this  respect 
that  cannot  be  presented  by  any  other  point.  A 
.popular  route  to  Ouster  City,  iu  Ouster's  Park,  375 
miles  distant,  is  that  along  the  Elkhorn  valley  to  a 
point  40  miles  beyond  O'Neill  City,  and  thence  via 
the  Niobrara  into  the  Hills. 


ON  THE  CALIFORNIA  LINE  AGAIN. 

We  now  return  to  the  California  line  again,  and  will  proceed  on  our  trans-conti- 
nental trip.  .  . 

rounding  county  for  many  miles. 
.  Corn,  hogs,  cattle  and  wheat  form 


the  principal  freight  shipments 
from  this  station.  The  surround- 
ingcountyisfullofgame.  Geese, 
ducks,  bnmt,  ruffled  grouse, 
prairie  chickens,  quail,  snipe, 
plover  and  woodcock  are  espe- 
cially plentiful. 

Honey  Creek  and  Crescent 
'are  two  small  stations  west  of 
Missouri  Valley  Junction.  Pass- 
ing these  we  reach  the  city  of 

Council  Bluffs,  488  miles 
from  Chicago.  Here  we  have  a 
city  of  10.000  people,  and  the 
western  terminns  of  the  Omaha 
&  California  line  of  our  road, 
and  of  three  other  important 
railway  lines.  Council  Bluffs  is 
the  connty  seat  of  Pottawatomie 
county  which  was  organized  in 
1848,  and  which  contains  ab^ut 
25,000  inhabitants.  The  site  of 
the  city  was  selected  by  the  west- 
ward bound  hosts  of  "The  Church 
of  the  Latter-Day  Saints,"  (Mor- 
mons), when  making  their  exo- 
dus. They  here  erected  their 
tabernacle  and  built  their  city, 
and  named  it  Kanesville.  Prom 
this  point  they  set  out  on  their 
tiresome  overland  journey  to  the 
then  sterile,  sage  brush-clad 

Custer'8  Park,  near  CusterClty,  In  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota.  Plains  of  the  apparently  inhos- 
,  pitable  valley  of   the  Great  Salt 

Lake.  With  the  exodus  of  the  Mormons  a  new 
people  came  in,  and  a  new  town  was  built,  and 
from  the  fact  that  Its  site  had  been  the  scene  of 
many  Indian  councils  the  city  was  named  Council 
Bluffs.  The  ancient  banks  of  the  Missouri  river 
are  about  three  miles  from  its  present  shores,  the 
intervening  distance  being  what  Is  known  as  "  bot- 
tom land."  The  city  is  built  partly  on  this  bottom 


Missouri  Valley  Junction  has  a  resident  pop- 
ulation of  about  1,600.  Its  site  was  purchased  from 
the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  in 
October,  1866,  and  it  was  incorporated  in  1867.  The 
machine  shops  of  the  S.  C.  &  P.  Ey.  are  located 
here,  and  give  constant  employment  to  about  250 
mechanics.  The  village  has  excellent  schools,  (one 
of  Its  public  school  buildings  cost  over  $12,000, 
which  speaks  volumes  for  the  enterprise  of  this 
"frontier"  town.)  It  has  a  town  hall  that  cost 
$4,000.  a  large  hall  fitted  up  with  stage  and  scenery, 
one  newspaper,  two  churches,  and  three  hotels. 
It  Is  built  on  elevated  ground,  from  which  can  be 
seen  the  "Highlands  of  Nebraska,1'  and  the  sur- 


land  and  partly  in  the  bluffs,  the  principal  portion 
being  fully  three  miles  from  the  river.  Situate  as 
it  is  in  the  gorges  In  the  bluffs,  the  city  does  not 
make  a  fair  showing  to  the  passer-by,  but  if  he  will 
leave  his  train  and  visit  the  city,  he  will  be  pleased 
and  surprised  to  find  as  finely  built  and  as  active  a 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


city  as  he  has  parsed 
through  since  he  left  the 
Atlantic  coast.  It  contains 
seven  public  schools,  eight 
churches,  two  flour  mills, 
and  several  large  manu- 
facturing establishments, 
amongst  which  may  be 
named  the  works  of  the 
Council  Bluffs  Agricultural 
Implement  Company,  using 
a  capital  of  $150,000,  and 
jearly  selling  over  $100,000 
worth  of  its  product;  and 
the  Council  Bluffs  Iron 
Works,  a  chartered  com- 
pany employing  20  men, 
and  producing  $80,000  worth 
a  year  of  the  various  forms 
of  machines,  etc.,  for  which 
the  company  is  noted.  The 
county  court  house,  a  fine 
building,  together  with 
the  jail  and  county  offices, 
are  surrounded  by  a  high 
wall.  Dohany's  hall  will 
seat  600  persons,  and  is 
arranged  for  concerts,  the- 
atre, shows,  etc.  The  hotels 
are:  The  Ogden,  (recently 
rebuilt),  having  125  rooms; 
Pacific,  75  rooms ;  Metropol- 
itan, 25  rooms;  Bryant,  20 
rooms;  Clifton,  25  rooms; 
and  Farmers,  20  rooms; 
charges  range  from  $1.60  to 
$3  per  day.  Since  the  bridge 
across  the  river  here  was 
built,  an  effort  has  been 
made  by  the  people  of 
Council  Bluffs  to  have  the 
trains  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Road  cross  the  bridge,  and 
make  Council  Bluffs  the 
eastern  terminus  of  that 
line,  but  owing  to  various 
complications  their  termi- 
nus was  held  at  Omaha,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  and  the  trains  of  the 
lowu  lines  made  Council 
Bluffs  their  western  termi- 
nus. The  result  was  a 
double  transfer,  the  passen- 
gers from  the  trains  from 
the  East  debarking  here, 
getting  into  a  "transfer 
train"  that  crossed,  the 
bridge,  and  again  debarking 
on  the  Omaha  side,  and 
there  taking  the  west 
bound  trains  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Road.  Coming  from 
the  West  similar  transfers 
were  made.  A  recent  decis- 
ion of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States  seems 
to  have  settled  the  ques- 
tion, and  very  soon  a  joint 


32 


THE  I^ORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


depot  is  promised  for  the  east  bank  of  the  river, 
and  the  usual  double  transfer  will  be  avoided.  At 
Council  Bluffs  we  make  close  connections  with 
the  trains  of  THE  KANSAS  CITY,  ST.  JOSEPH  & 


COUNCIL  BLUFFS  RAILROAD,  which  are  taken  by 
our  passengers  for  St.  Joseph,  Atchison,  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas  City,  and  other  Western  Missouri 
and  Kansas  towns. 


OMAHA. 

Hurriedly  we  have  spanned  the  492  miles  that  separate  Chicago  from  Omaha,  and 
crossing  the  beautiful  railroad  bridge  (a  view  of  which  we  give,)  you  are  landed  in 
that  live,  wide-awake  city,  whose  name  is  Omaha.  There  you  will  find  the  Grand 
Central  Hotel,  with  our  ticket  offices  therein,  many  fine  business  houses,  built  along 
finely  graded  and  paved  streets,  that  are  constantly  crowded  with  the  evidences  of  a 
large  and  rapidly  growing  trade.  Besides  the  Grand  Central,  the  city  contains  several 
other  good  hotels,  an  opera  house,  fine  school  houses,  churches,  public  halls,  large 
manufacturing  establishments,  the  machine  and  car  shops  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  all  other  of  the  usual  accompaniments  of  a  great  city.  At  the  depot  of  the 
Union  Pacific  road  you  will  find  an  excellent  eating  house,  kept  by  that  prince  of 

caterers,  Markel,  and 
where,  besides  getting 
first-class  meals,  you  can 
get  your  lunch  baskets 
and  well  cooked  lunches 
to  take  with  you  if  going 
overland.  If  not  going 
out  on  the  Union  Pacific, 
you  can  take  the  trains, 
of  the  BURLINGTON  & 
MISSOURI  RIVER  RAIL- 
ROAD IN  NEBRASKA,  and 
by  them  reach  Ashtonr 
Newton,  Lincoln,  (the- 
capital  of  Nebraska), 
Crete,  Beatrice,  or  Kear- 
ney Junction  ;  or  you  can 
take  the  trains  of  the 
OMAHA  &  NORTH- WEST- 
ERN RAILROAD  for  Flor- 
ence, Calhoun,  De  Soto,  Blair,  or  Wisner,  and  the  country  tributary.  Supposing  you 
are  going  to  Colorado,  Wyoming,  Utah,  Montana,  Idaho,  Nevada,  the  Pacific  Coast, 
or,  perhaps,  to  China,  Japan,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  or  the  Sandwich  Islands,  you 
will  take  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  for  Omaha,  and  there  take  the  trains 
of  the  UNION  PACIFIC  RAILROAD,  and  pass  through  Fremont,  Columbus,  Lone  Tree, 
Grand  Island,  Kearney  Junction,  North  Platte,  Sidney,  and  reach  Cheyenne,  516  miles 
from  Omaha,  and  1,008  miles  from  Chicago.  Here  you  leave  the  train  if  you  are  going 
to  any  point  in  Colorado.  Passing  south,  by  the  DENVER  PACIFIC  RAILWAY,  you 
cross  apparently  sterile  plains,  and  run  through  Greeley  and  Evans,  where  you  can 
study  the  vast  system  of  irrigation  that  has  made  these  plains  bloom  like  a  garden. 
You  run  along,  with  the  snow-clad  peaks  of  the  main  Rocky  Mountain  range  in  full 
view,  and  in  six  hours  after  leaving  Cheyenne  you  reach  DENVER. 

COLORADO — THE  FAR  WESTERN  SUMMER  RESORT. 


Grand  Central   Hotel,  Omaha,  Neb. 


The  Attractions  for  Invalids,  Tourists  and  Idlers. 

To  the  tourist  and  the  invalid,  Colorado   has 

unexcelled  and  increasing  attractions,  and  each 


recurring  season  offers  new  facilities  for  health  and 
recreation.  The  preparations  for  this  summer  at 
all  the  watering  places  and  towns  whose  vicinity 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


affords  scenic  or  sanitary  advantages,  are  of  a  high 
order;  and  it  is  the  object  of  this  article,  after 
pointing  out  the  route  of  travel  to  Colorado,  to  give 
the  tourist  or  traveler  some  idea,  after  he  gets 
there,  of  what  to  see,  and  how  to  see  it. 

There  is  no  end  to  the  attractions  of  Colorado, 
and  we  advise  those  who  can  to  make  at  least  one 
trip  out  thtTf,  ere  the  countrj  becomes  more  settled, 
as  then  the  scenery  will  not  appear  half  so  attract- 
ive as  at  present,  in  its  wild,  romantic  state.  To 
those  who  intend  going  during  the  ensuing  hot 
mouths,  we  offer  the  following  suggestions:  Leave 
Chicago  via  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway, 
for  Omaha,  thence  via  the  Union  Pacific  to  Chey- 
enne, and  thence  via  the  Denver  Pacific  Railway, 
to  Denver. 

At  Denver,  the  principal  hotels  are  the  Grand 
Central,  American,  Inter-Ocean,  (opened  since  last 
season.)  Ford's,  Sargent's  and  Charpiot's.  The 
three  first  named  are  four-story  buildings,  and  will 
accommodate  from  100  to  150  guests  each.  The  new 
Broadwell  House  is  the  largest  in  Colorado.  The 
rate  at  all  of  them  is  $4  per  day,  and  from  $21  to 
$25  per  week. 

The  principal  watering  places  in  Colorado  are 
Manitou  and  Idaho  Springs.  Manitou  is  five  miles 
from  Colorado  Springs  station,  on  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railway,  and  seventy-two  miles  south 
of  Denver.  The  narrow-gauge  cars,  neat  and  com- 
fortable, take  the  traveler  along  at  the  rate  of  15 
miles  an  hour,  through  Littleton,  up  over  the  Divide 
with  its  pineries,  passing  the  lake  at  the  summit 
surrounded  with  myriads  of  beautiful  flowers,  down 
the  southern  slope  along  the  Monument,  reaching 
Colorado  Springs  at  noon.  Taking  time  to  see  the 
notable  improvements  of  the  past  few  months  in 
this  stirring  little  city  of  3,000  people,  with  its 
many  handsome  buildings,  a  carriage  is  taken  to 
the  Springs.  Here  the  Manitou  House,  and  the  new 
Cliff  House,  and,  two  miles  further  on,  the  Tonic 
Springs  Hotel— all  having  spacious  walks,  croquet 
grounds,  drive  ways,  billiard  halls,  barber  shops, 
and  mineral  baths— offer  abundant  comforts  for 
guests.  Saddle-horses  and  carriages  can  be  ob- 
tained to  visit  all  the  point*  of  interest;  also  guides 
and  pack  animals  to  the  summit  of  Pike's  Peak, 
where  the  new  Government  signal  office  is  located, 
and  whence  weather  reports  are  telegraphed  over 
the  country  three  times  a  day.  Days  and  weeks 
can  be  profitably  spent  at  Maniton  and  vicinity. 

Idaho  Springs  lies  in  the  valley  of  South  Clear 
creek.  35  miles  west  of  Denver.  The  tourist  takes 
the  Colorado  Central,  broad  gauge,  to  Arapahoe 
Junction,  below  Golden,  where  he  changes  to  the 
narrow  gauge  train,  which  whirls  him  through  Clear 
Creek  Canon  to  Floyd  Hill,  thence  5#  miles  by 
Concord  coach.  The  Beebe  and  Alvord  houses 
furnish  good  hotel  accommodations.  The  chief 
attractions  of  the  place  are  the  hot  and  soda  springs, 
and  the  swimming  baths.  There  is  gorgeous 
scenery  on  every  hand.  Trips  to  Fall  river,  Chi- 
cago Lakes,  and  the  mines  can  be  made.  The  place 
has  good  liveries,  boarding  houses,  daily  mails, 
telegraph,  and  other  accommodations. 

Canon  City,  near  which  are  some  of  the  most 
notable  springs,  is  surrounded  by  various  attrac- 
tions. At  Georgetown,  where  the  silver  mines  are 
to  be  seen,  and  from  whence  the  brisk  camps  at 


Silver  Flume,  Empire,  Bakerville,  Argentine,  the 
mills  and  furnaces  of  Stewart,  Spanish  Bar,  Mason- 
ville,  and  the  scenic  attractions  of  Gray's  Peak, 
Twin  Lakes,  Griffith  Mountain,  Chicago  I>akes,  and 
Middle  Park,  are  to  be  reached,  those  spacious 
hotels,  the  Barton  and  American,  have  been  re- 
newed, and  additions  to  liveries,  boarding  houses, 
and  other  improvements  made.  At  Boulder,  the 
Boulder  and  Colorado  hotels  have  been  repaired, 
daily  stage  lines  to  Gold  Hill,  Nederland  and 
Caribou  put  on,  liveries  increased,  and  every  ad- 
vantage offered  for  trips  up  Boulder  Canon  and  the 
falls,  to  Peabody  Springs,  Belmont  Iron  Works, 
Erie  Coal  Mines  and  Cjold  Hill;  the  place  also 
has  now  the  advantage  of  two  railroads  to  Denver. 
At  Longmont,  a  tri-weekly  stage  line  has  been 
arranged,  from  the  St.  Vrain  Hotel  to  Estes  Park, 
40  miles,  where  the  Evans  Hotel,  excellent  fishing 
and  hunting,  saddle  ponies  and  guides,  and  the 
climbing  of  Long's  Peak,  are  the  chief  attractions. 
At  Central  City,  the  Teller  House,  and  numerous 
smaller  hotels  and  boarding-houses,  and  the  fine 
liveries,  are  prepared  to  furnish  every  facility  for 
visiting  the  gold  mines,  the  great  Sierra  Madre 
tunnel,  the  stamp  mills  and  reduction  works, 
Black  Hawk,  Nevadaville,  James'  Peak,  and 
Rollinsville. 

The  inducements  offered  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  route,  via  Omaha,  to  Colorado  are,  the 
fine  country  it  passes  through  between  Chicago 
and  Omaha,  its  splendid  track  and  equipment,  the 
comfort  enjoyed  while  passing  over  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Road,  the  chances  of  seeing  the  plains,  moun- 
tains, and  other  attractions  not  found  on  any  other 
route ;  and  the  chance  to  visit  Cheyenne,  Greeley, 
Evans,  etc.,  before  you  reach  Denver.  .  If  yon  can- 
not at  your  homes  buy  tickets  via  this  route  through, 
you  can  buy  to  Chicago,  and  at  our  offices  there  get 
your  through  tickets.  Better  do  that  than  miss  the 
opportunity  to  go  by  this  route. 

Returning  to  Cheyenne  from  Denver,  or  if  you 
have  not  broken  your  westward  journey,  yoipass 
on  to  Sherman,  at  the  summit  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  8,242  feet  above  the  sea;  Laramle,  with 
its  Fort  Sanders,  and  the  rolling  mills  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railway ;  Fort  Fred  Steel,  Ratvlings,  Green 
River,  Bryan,  JSvanston,  with  its  eating  houses 
with  Chinese  waiters,  near  which  are  very  exten- 
sive and  valuable  coal  mines,  and  soon  run  down, 
through  those  marvels  of  Utah— Echo  and  Weber 
canons— and  at  1,032  miles  from  Omaha,  reach 
OODEN,  an  important  Mormon  city,  and  the  junc- 
tion of  four  railroads,  viz  :  the  UNION  PACIFIC, 
over  which  you  have  come  from  the  East;  the- 
CENTRAL  PACIFIC,  over  which  you  will  pass  when 
going  West;  the  UTAH  NORTHERN,  which  you  will 
take  for  Logan  and  points  beyond  (by  stage)  in 
Idaho  or  Montana;  and  the  UTAH  CENTRAL,  over 
which  you  will  pass  with  me  in  the  contemplated 
trip  to  Salt  Lake  City,  before  we  proceed  further 
towards  "sundown." 

To  THE  CITY  OF  THE  SAINTS. 

Then,  bidding  good-bye  to  our  friends  who  have 
accompanied  us  from  Chicago,  and  who  fail  to- 
"  take  in  "  this  pleasurable  "  side-show,"  we  step- 
into  the  cars  of  "Bishop  Sharp's  road,"  and  start 
southward,  with  the  Great  Salt  Lake  on  our  right 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Stopping  for  a  few  moments  at  Kaysiille,  Far- 
ininglon,  Centreville,  and  one  or  two  unimportant 
stations,  wo,  in  two  hours'  run  from  Ogden,  are 
at  SALT  L  •  KE  CITY,  that  marvel  to  the  Mormons 
themselves,  who  have  reared  it  or  seen  it  grow, 
and  that  more  than  marvel  to  the  gentile,  who 
has  had  no  part  in  its  past  and  bat  little  vital 
Interest  in  its  present ;  for  in  the  past  he  was  a 
rarely-seen  strangA,  and  in  its  present  is  hardly 
at  home,  or  willing  *o  /.acknowledge  that  he  has 
"come  to  stay."  WitWitrt  attempting  to  describe 
this  wonderful  city,  or  the  blooming  country  around 
it,  we  yet  must  call  your  attention  to  the  situation 


ON  THE  CENTRAL  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

We  pass  Corinne,  a  noted  mountain  stage  depot, 
and  at  Kelton  find  a  good  point  to  take  stages  for 
all  points  in  Idaho. 

ID  ADO. 

In  Idaho  we  reach  by  our  cor.uections  Boise  City, 
Idaho  City,  Malade,  and  Silver  City,  and  the  won- 
derful falls  of  the  Snake  river;  these  are,  the  Ameri- 
can, 70  feet;  the  Salmon,  60  feet;  and  the  Shoshone, 
over  200  feet  perpendicular.  These  last  vie  with 
Niagara  in  beauty  and  grandeur.  In  Idaho  the  days 
are  never  sultry  and  the  nights  are  always  cool; 
on  the  plains  and  in  the  valleys  snow  does  not  lie 


Walker  House,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


•of  the  city  itself,  and  ask  you  to  note  the  glorious 
Wahsatch  mountains  to  the  left,  and  the  Oquirrh 
range  to  the  right,  the  lake  at  their  feet,  the  silent 
Jordan  at  its  foot,  and  not  to  overlook  the  ever- 
present  evidences  of  the  great  work  that  has  been 
wrought  by  these  "peculiar  people."  Gentile,  as 
•we  are,  we  freely  and  willingly  join  in  repeating, 
as  many  have  before,  "No  other  people  have  be- 
fore accomplished  as  much."  For  those  who  can- 
not see  for  themselves,  we  picture  a  feature  or  two 
of  this  visit  that  may  be  new  and  not  uninteresting. 
From  here  yon  can  reach  by  rail  Lehi  and  Proco, 
«nd  many  other  interesting  points  in  the  Territory. 
If  you  have  time,  fail  not  to  take  a  trip  over  the 
AMERICAN  FORK  RAILROAD,  and  see  the  glories 
and  beauties  of  the  wonder  canons  it  runs  through. 
After  dining  at  TheTownsend  cr  at  The  Walker, 
the  leading  "  Mormon  "  and  "  Genti'c"  hotels,  we 
hurry  back  to  Ogden,  ard  pursue  o;ir  western 
.jonrney. 


on  the  ground;  cattle  feed  out-doors  the  year 
round.  The  climate  is  much  the  same  as  that  of 
Central  Illinois  and  Southern  Pennsylvania.  Good 
hotels  are  found  in  all  the  towns;  and  daily  news- 
papers, the  telegraph,  and  other  evidences  of  ad- 
vanced civilization,  are  found  on  every  hand. 
Stages  run  daily  from  various  points  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Road  to  all  the  towns  in  Idaho,  and  no 
more  attractive  region  can  be  found  for  a  summer 
tour  than  is  offered  by  the  hill  country  of  Idaho. 

If  wo  do  not  end  our  stage  tr;p  in  Idaho,  but 
continue  it  northward,  we  pass  on  to  Helena,  (pop. 
4,000,  a::d  the  capital,)  Vtrrjin'ia  City,  Deer  Lodge, 
Argenta,  Bannock,  and  Bozeman,  in  Montana. 

MONTANA. 

Montana,  with  its  mountains,  lakes  and  rivers, 
will  amply  p-y  for  a  summer's  sojourn  there. 
The  National  Pa.  k  on  the  Yellowstone,  the  gey- 
sers, and  the  mountains  cf  the  Bitter  Root,  Snow 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


35 


and  other  chains,«are  all  accessible  from  Helena. 
The  geysers  of  the  Yellowstone  and  the  Upper 
Missouri  are  the  most  wonderful  in  the  world, 
those  of  Iceland  and  Ne\v  Zealand  not  excepted. 
Here  we  have  the  Thnd,  Born,  Bath,  Cavern,  Bee- 
hive, Giant,  Giantess,  Old  Faithful,  Saw-mill, 
Grotto,  Punch-bowl,  Riverside,  Soda,  Fan,  .and 
other  geysers  within  the  Territory,  bounded  by 
latitude  43  and  47  north,  and  longitude  110  and  114 
west.  These  geysers  vary  from  the  mere  mud  vol- 
cano to  those  throwing  boiling  water  in  columns 
six  feet  in  diameter  and  200  feet  in  height.  The 
water  in  the  various  geysers  varies  from  icy  cold 
to  boiling,  and  in  color  from  the  transparent  to  the 
inky  black,  through  all  the  shades  of  blue,  brown, 
red,  yellow,  green,  etc.  Some  of 
the  ejections  occur  at  regular  pe- 
riods, varying  from  one  hour  to  32 
hours  apart,  while  others  are  always 
active.  Not  tarrying  in  Montana, 
we  return  to  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad,  at  Corinne  or  Kelton. 

WESTWARD  AGAIN. 

Toano,  Elko,  Palisade,  Battle 
Mountain,  Winnemucca,  Humboldt, 
(note  its  oasis)  and  Wadsworth  are 
reached,  and  a  stop  is  made  at  Eeno. 
Here,  after  a  good  rest  with  friend 
Chamberlain  in  his  pleasant  hotel, 
we  will  take  a  fresh  start,  and  run 
down  the  VIRGINIA  &  TRCCKEE 
RAILROAD  to  Carson,  the  capital  of 
Nevada,  and  to  Virginia  City,  Gold 
Hill  and  Silver  City,  in  which  are 
found  the  "Big  Bonanza"  and  other 
mines,  and  especially  notable  those 
of  the  Comstock  lode.  Spending  a 
day,  week  or  months  here  with 
pleasure  and  profit,  you  return  to 
Reno,  and  again  taking  the  palace 
cars  of  the  CENTRAL  PACIFIC  RAIL- 
ROAD, arc  in  the  Sierra  Nevadas; 
pass  (if  you  do  not  go  to  Lake 
Tahoe)  Truckee,  Colfax,  Dutch 
Flat,  Avburn,  Sacramento,  Stock- 
ton, Lathrop,  NUes,  and,  at  5.00 
r.  ».,  reach  the  "Golden  Gate," 
with  San  Francisco  to  the  south 
of  it.  From  this  wonderful  city 
yon  can  roach  any  part  of  the 
Pacific  Coast,  or  the  great  East 
beyond.  Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Bar- 
bara, Los  Angel fs  and  San  Diego,  southward,  are 
accessible  by  two  daily  lines  of  steamers ;  while  Port- 
land, Tacoma,  Victoria,  Puget  Sound  and  Van- 
couver's Island,  and  all  points  in  Oregon,  Washing- 
ton, and  British  Columbia,  are  accessible  by  steam- 
ers running  up  the  coast.  Inland,  by  rail,  Napa, 


St.  Helena,  Calistoga,  Oroville,  Marysville,  Peta- 
luma,  Santa  Rosa,  Cloverdale,  Santa  Clara,  San 
Jose,  Hollister,  Gilroy,  Soledad,  Salinas,  Montenj, 
Calienta,  and  a  hundred  other  towns  are  readily 
reached.  To  Hong  Kong,  in  China,  and  Yokohama, 
in  Japan,  two  lines  of  steamers  furnish  weekly 
departures;  and  to  Honolulu,  in  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  Melbourne  and  Sydney,  Australia,  and 
Auckland,  in  New  Zealand,  one  line  of  steamers 
are  run  regularly.  In  all  thi^vast  field,  the  Chicago 
&  North- Western  Railway  is  known  and  patron-* 
ized.  Even  farther  India  lends  her  patronage  and 
aids  to  swell  the  throng  that  constantly  crowds  its 
numerous  passenger  trains,  and  assists  in  loading 
its  miles  of  freight  cars.  This,  then,  is  one  thin;: 


City 


Aqueduct,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Reached  by  Omaha  A  California  Line. 

this  great  corporation  can  do  for  yon.  It  opens 
wide  the  door  to  the  great  Weft  and  to  the  still 
greater  East,  and  is  the  gateway  for  the  millions  who 
seek  new  homes,  or  desire  to  visit  friends  anywhere 
via  THE  GREAT  TRANS-CONTINENTAL  ROUTE. 


IN   CALIFORNIA    AND    THEREABOUTS. 

The  popular  resorts  of  California  reached  by  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway 
and  its  connections  are,  "The  Tosemite"  "The  Geysers"  "Mount  Diablo,"  "TlieBi<] 
Trees,"  " Donner Lake,"  "Lake  Tahoe,"  "  Summit  Soda  Springs,"  "Calistoga  8ub>iiur 
Springs,"  Santa  Barbara,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Ln»  Angeles. 


36 


THE  NOKTH  AND  WKST  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  fame  of  the  Valley  of  Yoseinite  has  now  become  world-wide.  Its  tower- 
ing cliffs,  waterfalls  like  cataracts  from  the  clouds,  and  the  gigantic  vegetation 
surrounding  it,  have  no  comparison  in  the  world.  In  sublimity  of  grandeur  and 
enchanting  beauty  it  surpasses  expression,  and  must  be  viewed  to  be  appreciated. 
Several  eminent  writers  have  attempted  descriptions,  but  all  have  despaired  in  giving 
expression  to  the  awe-inspiring  feelings  which  fill  the  beholder  of  the  mighty  chasm. 
Bierstadt  has  painted  it,  and  Watkins  has  photographed  it,  and  these,  as  all  writers 
say,  give  the  nearest  idea  of  the  majesty  of  the  scene  to  that  of  being  present  at  the 

reality.  As  to  the  faith- 
ful, the  admonition  to 
"see  Mecca  and  die," 
so  to  the  traveler,  "  see 
Yosemite,  the  last  of 
earth." 

To  reach  the  Yosem- 
ite Valley,  the  traveler 
goes  to  Lathrop,  82 
miles  east  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  then,  via  the 
Visalia  Division  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, from  Lathrop  to 
Merced;  thence  the  tour- 
ist has  choice  of  two 
routes  —  via  Mariposa, 
Clarks  (Mariposa  Big 
Tree  Grove), The  Hermi- 
tage, and  Inspiration  or 
Glacier  Points,  or  via 
the  Coulterville  Short 
Line,  passing  Snellings, 
Coulterville,  Dudley's, 
Bower  Cave,  Pilot  Peak. 

Merced  Big  Tree  Grove,  and  the  canons  and  cataracts  of  Merced  river,  (both   "all. 

wagon  "  roads). 

TABLE  OP  ALTITUDES  AT  YOSEMITE  VALLEY. 


The  Tabernacle,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Reached  by  Omaha  &  California  Line. 


WATERFALLS. 

INDIAN  NAME.  SIGNIFICATION.  AMEBICAN  NAMB. 

Po-ho-no Spirit  of  the  Evil  Wind BridalVeil 

Yosemite   Large  Grizzly  Bear 

First  fall,  1,600  feet;  Second  fall,  434  feet;  Third  fall,  600  feet 

Pi-wy-ack Wide  Water Vernal 

To-wi-ye Nevada 

To-lool-we-ack South  Fork 

To-coy-ne Shade  to  Indian  Baby  Basket Royal  Arch  Falls 

Loya    


HT.  ABOVE, 

VALLEY. 

.    940  feet. 
2,634    " 

.    350  " 

.    700  " 

.    600  " 

.1,800  " 


.  Sentinel  Fall 3,200 


MOUNTAINS. 

Tis-sa-ack Goddess  of  the  Valley South  Dome 6,000 

Cloud's  Rest 6,450 

To-coy-;e Shade  to  Indian  Baby  Basket North  Dome 3,725 

Hunto The  Watching  Eye    Round  Tower 2,400 

Mab-tu  .  Martyr  Mountain Cap  of  Liberty 4,600 

Mount  Starr  King 5,600 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY.  37 

HT.  ABOVE 
INDIAN  NAME.  SIGNIFICATION.  AMERICAN   NAME.  FALLEY. 

Tu-tuck-a-nu-la Great  Chief  of  the  Valley The  Captain 3,100  feet 

Wah-wah-k-na Three  Graces 3,750 

Pom-pom-pa-stts : Falling  Rocks  Three  Brothers    4,300 

Poo-see-nah  Chack-ka Large  Acorn  Cache Cathedral  Hock 2,400 

Sentinel  Dome .4,500 

Loya Sentinel  Rock 3,270 

The  Yosemite  Valley  is  4,060  feet  above  the  sea.    Its  general  course  is  northeasterly  and  southwesterly. 

The  "  New  Wagon  Road  "  was  completed  early  in  April,  1875,  between  Clarks  and 
The  Hermitage,  thence  into  the  Valley.  Visitors  can  leave  Merced  in  the  morning, 
stop  over  night  at  Clarks,  the  next  forenoon  visit  the  Big  Tree  Grove,  six  miles  from 
Clarks,  via  Saddle  Trail,  and  during  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  travel  by  Wash- 
burn,  Chapman  &  Co.'s  Passenger  Wagons  from  Clarks  to  the  Valley — making  the 
trip,  including  the  Big  Trees,  in  two  days  from  Merced;  or,  via  the  Coulterville  all 
Wagon  Route,  passing  Snellings  and  Coulterville;  stopping  over  night  at  Dudley's 
Mills  (45  miles  from  Merced);  the  next  day  passing  Bower  Cave,  Pilot  Peak,  the 
"Merced  Grove  of  Big  Trees,"  the  Cliffs  and  Canons  of  the  Merced  River,  Bridal 
"Veil  and  Yosemite  Falls,  arriving  at  the  Hotels  at  4.00  p.  M.,  making  but  two  days 
«asy  traveling,  without  change  of  vehicle,  between  Merced  and  Yosemite. 

A  third  route  for  visitors  to  the  Yo  Semite  and  Calaveras  Big  Trees  is  to  Stockton, 
via  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Milton,  arriving  at  this  railroad 
terminus  at  1.45  p.  M.,  where  they  will  take  dinner,  and  then  proceed  in  easy  riding 
carriages  to  Murphy's,  where  they  will  find  splendid  hotel  accommodations  and  stop 
over  night.  The  following  morning  they  will  drive  to  the  Calaveras  Big  Tree  Grove, 
where  they  will  find  equally  good  hotel  accommodations  and  will  spend  most  of  the 
day  there,  returning  in  the  evening  to  Murphy's.  From  Murphy's  to  the  Valley  the  route 
is  through  an  interesting  Hydraulic  and  Placer  Mining  country,  and  over  a  good  gravel 
road.  Before  reaching  the  brink  of  the  Valley — at  Crane's  Flat— the  traveler  will  find 
a  small  grove  of  the  mammoth  trees  of  California.  Two  of  these,  named  the  "Siam- 
ese Twins,"  growing  from  the  same  root,  measure  114  feet  in  circumference,  and 
with  corresponding  height.  But  he  will  hasten  on  to  the  rim  of  the  mighty  basin,  and 
become  transfixed  in  awe  as  he  first  beholds  it  from  "  The  Stand-Point  of  Silence." 
Here  he  takes  in  the  view  in  its  awful  majesty.  None  are  so  cold  as  to  contemplate  it 
without  having  awakened  within  them  feelings  beyond  their  power  to  express.  From 
such  feelings  arose  the  name'the  point  bears.  From  this  summit  to  the  valley  below  is 
a  distance  of  three  miles,  by  a  horseback  trail,  descending  four  thousand  feet,  where 
Hutchings'  stage  will  meet  passengers  and  take  them  to  Hutchings'  Hotel,  which  is 
surrounded  by  the  grandest  scenery  the  eye  ever  rested  on. 

THE  BIG  TREE  GROVE  OP  CALAVERAS  COUNTY,  CAL. 

The  Calaveras  Group  is  the  one  known  to  the  world  as  "  The  Big  Trees  of  Cali- 
fornia," and  the  one  chiefly  visited  by  tourists.  It  comprises  the  Mammoth  and  South 
Park  Groves.  The  Mammoth  Grove  contains  ninety-three  of  these  Giants  of  the 
Forest,  among  which  are  the  Mother  of  the  Forest,  the  bark  from  which  was  exhibited 
in  the  Crystal  Palace,  London  ;  the  Father  of  the  Forest,  through  whose  prostrate 
trunk  thousands  have  ridden  on  horseback;  and  the  Original  Big  Tree,  the  stump  of 
which  forms  the  floor  of  the  famous  Pavilion,  32  feet  in  diameter.  The  South  Park 
Grove,  distant  six  miles,  is  superior  to  the  more  famous  Mammoth  Grove,  both 
in  number  and  size  of  its  Big  Trees,  of  which  1,380  have  been  counted.  It 
has  only  been  recently  opened  up  to  tourists,  and  is  readily  reached  with  horses 


38 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


from  the  Mammoth  Grove  Hotel  by  a  good  bridge  and  trail.     These  two  Groves  com- 
prise the  Calaveras  Group  of  Big  Trees,  surpassing  all  others  in  grandeur  and  beauty. 

THE  GEYSERS. 

The  geysers  of  California  are  in  Sonoma  county  in  a  lateral  gorge  of  the  valley  of 
Napa,  called  the  Devil's  Canon,  near  Pluton  river.  The  canon  is  narrow  and  shut  in 
by  steep  hills.  Vapor  fills  the  gorge,  while  springs  hot,  cold  and  great,  gush  out  on 
all  sides  and  lie  within  a  few  feet  of  each  other.  They  differ  in  color,  taste  and  smell. 
These  waters  are  clear,  white,  black,  red,  blue,  yellow  and  green,  and  are  either  pure 
to  the  taste,  sulphurous,  fetid,  acid  or  alkaline.  The  most  celebrated  is  "  The  Steam- 
pipe  "  which  is  an  orifice  in  the  hill  side,  eight  inches  in  diameter,  out  of  which  is 
ejected  continuously  and  with  almost  deafening  roar,  a  volume  of  hot  steam  that  is 
projected  from  50  to  200  feet  in  height.  "The  Witches'  Caldron"  is  amass  of  black 

fetid  mud  that  is  ever 
bubbling  and  boiling  with, 
internal  heat.  These  gey- 
sers are  1,700  feet  above 
the  sea  level,  and  are 
reached  from  San  Fran- 
cisco by  two  routes  : 

First,  via  the  Vallejo 
Steamers  and  California 
Pacific  Railroad  through 
Napa  Valley,  connecting 
with  Foss  &  Connelly's 
Line  from  Calistoga 
Springs  ;  thence  via  Van 
Arnam  &  Kennedy's  Line 
to  Cloverdale,  connecting 
with  daily  train  of  the 
San  Francisco  and  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  running 
through  Sonoma  Valley. 

Or  Second,  via  Clover- 
dale  and  the  San  Francisco 
&  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road. Sailing  up  through 
one  of  the  most  spacious 
and  beautiful  bays  in  the  world,  surrounded  with  charming  panoramic  views  ;  enjoy- 
ing a  ride  of  56  miles  in  comfortable  cars,  through  a  level  country,  affording  a  wide 
view  on  each  side  of  the  fertile  county  of  Sonoma,  passing  several  thriving  towns  in 
the  meantime.  Arriving  at  Cloverdale,  there  connecting  Avith  Van  Arnam  &  Kennedy's 
new  stages,  over  a  new  road  of  easy  grade,  running  through  a  section  of  country  unsur- 
passed for  grandeur  of  scenery  and  surroundings  ;  only  two  hours  staging. 

No  trip  to  California  is  complete  unless  including  a  visit  to  the  great  natural  phe- 
nomena of  the  Pacific  Coast. 

LAKE  TAHOE,  VIA  SUMMIT  STATION  AND  DONNER  LAKE. 

The  tourists'  route  between  Summit  Station,  Donner  Lake,  Truckee,  and  Lake 
Tahoe,  is  via  stage.  Stages  will  leave  Summit,  daily,  pass  Truckee,  arriving  at  Tahoe 


Devil's  Gate,  Weber  Canon,   Utah. 


On  Omaha  &  Califo 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


City  and  return  in  the  evening.  Overland  passengers  going  East,  leave  San  Francisco 
in  the  morning,  Sacramento  about  noon,  arriving  at  Summit  for  supper.  Remain  over 
night  at  Cardwell's  Hotel,  and  leave  by  next  morning's  stage,  via  the  Donner  Lake 
Route,*for  Lake  Tahoe,  and  return  during  the  evening  of  the  same  day  to  Truckee  in 
time  to  connect  with  the  eastward  bound  train.  This  route  gives  passengers  an 
outside  view  of  the  wonderful  snow  sheds  and  galleries  of  the  Central  Pacific  Rail 
road,  not  obtainable  in  any  other  way.  Overland  passengers  going  West,  wishing  to 
visit  Donner  Lake  and  Lake  Tahoe,  should  leave  the  train  at  Truckee  or  Summit; 
returning  from  Tahoe  City  to  Truckee  or  Summit  to  resume  the  journey  westward  on. 
any  subsequent  day.  The  new  passenger  excursion  (side-wheel)  steamer  Stanford, 
Captain  Lapham,  commanding,  leaves  Tahoe  City  after  arrival  of  morning  stage  from 
Summit,  and  makes  the  complete  circuit  of  the  lake,  touching  at  all  points  of  interest 
en  route,  returning  to  Tahoe  City  same  evening. 

Better  neglect  visiting  all  the  other  "lions  of  California"  than  fail  to  visit  thi» 
wonderful  and  beautiful  lake.  Many  days  c  m  be  spent  with  pleasure  and  with  profit 
in  this  vicinity.  Good  hotels  are  found  at  convenient  distances,  and  guides  are  always 
ready.  Finer  brook  trout  fishing  cannot  be  found  on  this  continent  than  may  be  en- 
joyed in  this  locality.  The  writer  of  this  has  seen  trout  taken  that  weighed,  when 
dressed  for  the  table,  full  ten  pounds,  real  speckled  beauties  ! 

Santa  Cruz  is  the  California  Cape  May,  and  with  Santa  Barbara  and  Los  Angeles 
can  best  be  reached  via  San  Francisco.  The  Summit  Soda  Springs  are  240  miles  east 
of  San  Francisco,  and  are  reached  by  stage  daily  from  Soda  Springs  Station  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad.  The  White  Sulphur  Springs  of  Calistoga  should  be  "taken 
in"  on  the  trip  to  or  from  "The  Geysers." 

MOUNT  DIABLO, 

The  "Mount  Washington"  of  California,  the  summit  of  which  is  nearly  4,000 
feet  above  sea  level,  gives  an  unbounded  view  of  the  Alameda,  San  Joaquin,  Sacra- 
mento and  connecting  valleys.  The  new  wagon  roads  from  Martinez  and  Haywards 
enable  the  tourist  to  reach  the  summit  with  only  twenty  miles  travel  in  one  of 
KimbalPs  passenger  wagons,  making  close  connections  with  trains  and  ferries. 
Leaving  San  Francisco  any  day  (via  Oakland),  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad 
Overland  Train,  arrive  at  Haywards  and  connecting  with  Bennett's  Line,  you  arrive 
at  Mount  Diablo  at  noon.  Or  leave  San  Francisco  (from  Broadway  wharf)  by  the 
Sacramento  river  steamers  "Amador"  or  "Julia;"  arrive  at  Benicia  at  6  P.  M.  ; 
change  to  ferry  boat  for  Martinez  ;  remain  there  over  night  ;  and  thence  the  next 
morning  to  Mount  Diablo. 

Returning  —  Stages  le/ave  Mount  Diablo  in  the  afternoon,  in  time  to  connect  with 
train  passing  Haywards,  for  San  Francisco.  Or  leave  Mount  Diablo  in  the  afternoon 
to  connect  with  ferry  boat  leaving  Martinez  at  5.00  P.  M.  ,  connecting  with  steamers 
"Amador"  or  "Julia,"  passing  Benicia  daily  (except  Sundays),  at  5.30  p.  M.,  and 
arriving  at  San  Francisco  about  8.00  r.  M. 

OREGON,   WASHINGTON  AND  BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 

Tourists  and  other  travelers  or  emigrants  from  the  East  destined  for  the  above 
named  States  have  choice  of  two  routes  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Of  course 
to  reach  that  line  you  will  buy  your  tickets  via  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Rail- 
way, to  Sacramento  or  San  Francisco.  The  first  route  is  via  rail  from  Sacra- 
mento, up  the  Sacramento  Valley  to  Redding,  180  miles  ;  thence  by  stage,  280  miles, 


40 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


to  Roseburg ;  thence  by  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  200  miles,  to  Port- 
land ;  while  the  other  is  to  San  Francisco,  and  thence  by  steamer  up  the  coast  to 
Portland.  Oregon  City,  Salem  (the  capital),  Albany,  Eugene  City,  Astoria,  Jack- 
sonville, Empire  City,  Dallas,  Walla  Walla  and  Umatilla,  in  Oregon,  may  all  be 
reached  by  these  routes,  while  Olympia,  Steilacoom,  Cascade  City,  Wallula,  Port 
Townsend,  Seattle,  points  on  Puget  Sound  and  other  points  in  Washington  Territory, 
and  Victoria  and  other  points  in  British  Columbia,  are  reached  from  San  Francisco, 
or  from  Portland.  Our  agent  in  San  Francisco  will  at  all  times  be  pleased  to  give 
prospective  visitors  to  Oregon  or  beyond,  all  information  about  the  country,  routes, 
«tc.,  that  they  may  desire. 

THE  POPULAR  ROUTE   TO    THE   GREAT   WEST. 

That  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  Railway 
Hi  is  the  route  of  the  masses 
is  well  known  and  ac- 
knowledged by  all  intelli- 
gent observers  of  railway 
travel.  It  is  to-day,  and 
always  has  been,  the 
route  selected  by  those 
eminent  in  this  and  other 
lands  when  making  theii 
trans -continental  or 
round  -  the  -  world  trips. 
As  long  ago  as  when  the 
much-lamented  Seward 
started  on  his  over-land 
and  over-seas  trip,  to  the 
present  day,  when  the 
thoroughly  posted  Dom 
Pedro,  Emperor  of  Bra- 
zil, selected  it  as  the 
route  not  only  for  his 
trip  one  way,  but  for  the 
return  trip  as  well,  it  has 
been  recognized  as  the 

shortest,  quickest,  best.     Reader,  you  cannot  be  wrong  if  you  follow  in  the  steps  of 

your  illustrious  predecessors. 

THE  IOWA   MIDLAND   LINE. 

Leaving  California  and  its  marvelous  climate,  we  will  take  up  another  line  of  our 
road,  and  starting  from  the  Mississippi  river,  take  up  a  stitch  we  dropped,  and  try 
to  unravel  a  little  more  of  what  we  fear  is,  to  many,  a  much-tangled  skein. 

At  CLINTON  we  are  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  river.  Here  we  will  strike 
northward  for  a  short  trip,  and  leaving  the  main  line  of  the  Iowa  Division  we  will  run 
over  the  IOWA  MIDLAND  RAILWAY,  which  is  a  branch  line  owned  by  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  Railway.  '  Three  miles  above  Clinton  we  reach 


Amphitheatre,  Echo  Canon,  Utah. 


On  Omaha  &  California  Lii 


' 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


41 


Lyons,  141  miles  from  Chicago.  This-city,  with 
4.500  population,  is  situate  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  river,  and  was  first  settled  in  1835.  It 
has  several  important  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, amongst  which  we  would  mention  a  paper 
mill,  employing  50  to  70  men;  a  sish,  door  and 
blind  factory,  with  30  hands;  machine  shops,  agri- 
cultural implement  manufactory,  etc.  Its  educa- 
tional facilities  are  good,  having  five  large  school 
buildings  that  cost  from  $20,000  to  $30,000  each, 
and  accommodating  1,200  pupils.  "  The  Lyons 
Female  College,"  and  "The  River  Side,"  two 
"  higher  "  schools,  are  also  well  patronized.  Lyons 
has  seven  churches,  two  hotels— The  Vandoran 
and  The  Sherman.  Odeon  Hall,  seating  300,  is  a 
popular  concert  hall.  The  city  has  water  works,  and 
gas  works  will  be  erected  dming  the  present  year. 

Almoiit ,  149  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village  of 
800  people. 

Bryant,  155  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village  of 
200  people,  and  has  a  good  public  school,  a  public 
hall,  two  hotels— The  Hass  and  The  Western  - 
charges  $1.25  per  day.  El- 
vira, 8  miles  southwest,  __  .-"-:-•'--"•-  i 
and  Centre  Grove,  6  miles 
southeast,  are  tributary. 

Goose  I.a K o,  158  miles 
from  Chicago,  is  surround- 
ed by  a  fine  farming 
country. 

Charlotte,  163  miles 
from  Chicago.  The  village 
has  300  Inhabitants,  and 
was  named  after  Mrs.  Char 
lotte  Gilmore,  the  first 
white  woman  settling  here. 
It  is  built  on  both  sides 
of  Deep  river,  the  stores  t 
and  business  houses  being 
in  the  valley  along  the  riv- 
er, while  the  residences, 
churches,  school  houses, 
etc..  are  on  the  higher 
bluffs.  The  poor  farm 
and  almshonse  of  Clin- 
ton county  adjoin  the  vil- 
lage. The  village  has  one 
school,  three  churches, 
two  flour  mills,  and  one 
hotel,  The  Sherman  House, 
that  can  accommodate  fifty 
guests.  GOOSB  LAKE,  3 
miles  southeast,  is  a  great  resort  for  sportsmen; 
geese,  ducks  and  brant  being  very  abundant.  Deep 
river  (well  named,  as  it  is  over  15  feet  deep)  has 
recently  been,  by  the  State  Fish  Commissioner, 
stocked  with  young  California  salmon.  Along  the 
river,  Indian  mounds  and  the  remains  of  ancient 
mining  operations  are  found. 

Delmar,  171  miles  from  Chicago,  is  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  R.  R,  and  has 
about  600  inhabitants,  one  school,  one  church, 
(Methodist),  a  public  hall  and  library,  one  news- 
paper, and  two  hotels— The  Junction,  and  The 
Riggs.  Maquoketa  river  is  4  miles,  and  large  and 
valuable  stone  quarries  2V4  miles  distant. 

Maquoketa,  176  miles  from  Chicago-,  is  the 
county  seat  of  Jackson  county,which  was  oreanized 


Stephenson   County 
port,  III,— 


in  1847,  and  now  has  24,000  population.  The  city 
has  3,000  inhabitants,  is  built  on  both  sides  of  the 
Maquoketa  river,  and  on  the  edge  ~f  the  largest 
body  of  timber  there  is  in  the  State  of  *owa  (hence 
they  call  this  the  "  timber  city.")  Before  the  rail 
road  was  built  here,  steamers  ran  from  the  Missis- 
sippi river  to  this  point.  The  city  is  picturesquely 
located  on  high  bluffs,  and  has  fine,  wide,  well 
paved  streets.  Considerable  manufacturing  is  car- 
ried on  in  the  lines  of  furniture,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, and  other  articles,  in  which  wood  is  largely 
used.  The  city  has  one  school  house  that  cost 
$25,000,  and  several  cheaper  ones,  six!  hotels,  a  fin*1 
county  court  house,  four  flour  mills,  two  woole^ 
mills,  a  tannery,  three  banks,  four  churches,  and  :. 
large  number  of  fine  business  houses.  Two  medici- 
nal springs  within  the  city  limits  have  large  local 
repute.  Two  miles  off  is  an  Indian  burial  ground. 
The  business  of  this  city  for  1875  show.ed  over 
thirty-three  per  cent,  increase  over '1874. 

Nashville,  182  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village 
lias  200  in!  nbitants,  and  is  1J4  miles  eoutb.  of  Ma- 
il idketa river.  Surfs  Cave, 
(>  miles  north,  is  a  pleasure 
resort. 

Baldwin,  185  miles 
from  Chicago,  is  three 
ini:es  from  Maquoketa  riv- 
rr;  has  300  inhabitants, 
one  school,  and  one  hotel. 
Wild  game  of  all  kinds 
abound  in  the  vicinity. 
MM  Rock,  1  mile,  Four 
Corners,  4  miles,  Smith- 
land,  4  miles,  Canton,  9 
mileia.  Crabbtown,  8  miles, 
Garriowen,  18  miles,  and 
Zivingle,  18  miles  distant, 
.•in1  all  tributary  to  this 
flat  ion. 

.Moiimouth,  188  miles 
from  Chicago,  is  a  village 
of  500  inhabitants,  with 
tri-weekly  stages  to  Can- 
ton, 6  miles,  and  Ozark,  9 
miles  distant.  The  town 
is  built  on  rolling  prairie, 
at  the  head  of  the  Maqno- 
keta  valley,  and  has  one 

Court  House,  Free-     school,  two  churches,  and 
.  two  hotels. 

Onslow,  195  miles  from 

Chicago,  has  100  inhabitants,  a  graded  school,  two 
churches,  and  is  connected  with  Wyoming,  pop. 
1,500,  4  miles  distant,  by  daily  stage. 

Centre  Junction,  and  Blue  Cut,  respect- 
ively 199  and  202  miles  from  Chicago,  are  unimpor- 
tant villages. 

Anamosa,  210  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the  county* 
seat  of  Jones  county,  which  was  organized  in  1839. 
Present  population,  20,000.  Much  of  the  land  is 
rolling  prairie,  but  a  portion  is  hilly  and  somewhat 
broken,  especially  along  the  course  of  the  Wapsi- 
pinicon  river,  that  runs  through  the  county.  The 
Iowa  State  Piscicultural  establishment  is  located  In 
this  county,  and  from  it  many  thousands  of  young 
fish  are  being  sent  out  to  stock  the  streams  and 
Ink:1*  of  the  State  Much  easily  worked  fl:io  build- 


42 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


ing  and  flagging  stone  is  quarried  in  the  county. 
Anamosa  contains  five  churches,  two  good  schools, 
extensive  manufactures,  a  court  house  that  cost 
$80,000,  two  public  halls,  one  bank,  two  hotels— The 
Gillen  House,  by  E.  Gillen,  accommodating  50 
guests,  and  The  Fisher,  by  K.  Parker,  for  100 
guests ;  they  charge  $2  per  diem.  The  Iowa  Midland 
Railway  reached  the  city  in  1871.  The  streets  of 
the  city  are  shaded  with  handsome  native  trees,  and 


in  the  summer  season  seem  embowered  in  foliage. 
The  city  has  water  works,  which  supply  from  the 
Wapsipinicon  river  ample  water  for  protection 
from  fire,  and  for  manufacturing  and  domestic  uses. 
This  ends  our  trip  over  this  little  line,  and  we  can 
say  that  we  have  passed  through  as  beautiful  and 
as  productive  a  portion  of  country  as  can  be  found 
within  the  borders  of  the  State. 


THE  FREEPORT  AND   DUBUQUE  LINE. 

Leaving  Chicago  from  the  Wells  Street  Depot,  and  following  the  course  of  the 
Chicago  and  Omaha  Liue  to  Junction,  30  miles  west  of  Chicago,  we  reach  the  "Free- 
port  Branch,"  and  will  follow  it  to  its  junction  with  the  Illinois  Central  Railway, 
which  forms  the  northwestern  portion  of  the  "Dubuque  Line."  At  85  miles  from 
Chicago  we  reach 


Wayne,  in  Du  Page  county,  and  in  the  great 
dairy  region  of  Northern  Illinois.  It  was  settled 
first  in  1834.  and  now  has 
1.500  inhabitants.  The  land 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  village 
sells  for  from  $60  to  $100 
per  acre.  A  weekly  stage 
runs  to  Wayne  Centre. 

Clititonville,  39  miles 
from  Chicago.  This  village 
of  800  inhabitants,  is  built 
on  both  sides  of  Fox  river, 
and  at  one  time  was  a  place 
of  considerable  manufac- 
turing importance,  but  fires 
swept  away  the  largest,  and 
they  have  not  been  rebuilt. 
It  now  has  two  flour  mills. 
one  paper  and  felt  mill,  one 
tannery,  a  foundry  and 
machine  shop  manufactur- 
ing iron  fixtures  for  school 
furniture  and  sewing  ma- 
chines, a  fork  factory  pro- 
ducing 100  dozen  forks 
daily,  a  large  malt  house, 
and  one  cheese  and  butter  PA, 

factory. 

Elgin,  43  miles  from  Chicago,  divided  by  Fox 
river  into  West  and  East  Elgin.  We  here  have  a 
beautiful  city  of  some  9,000  persons.  It  is  the  head- 
quarters of  the  dairy  interest  of  the  Fox  River  val- 
ley, and  is  the  market  for  most  of  its  dairy  products. 
Elgin  butter  and  cheese  are  noted  the  country  over 
for  their  excellence.  Within  five  miles  of  the  city 
are  cheese  and  butter  factories  that  in  1875  produced 
over  2,000,000  Jbs.  of  cheese,  and  600,000  Ibs.  of 
butter.  Besides  manufacturing  butter  and  cheese, 
the  dairies  ship  large  quantities  of  milk  and  cream 
to  Chicago.  The  Illinois  Milk  Condensing  Co., 
using  the  Gail  Borden  process,  buys  about  $8,000 
worth  of  milk  monthly,  and  daily  ships  one  car 
load  of  its  product.  The  Fox  River  Woolen  Manu- 
factory employs  50  hands,  and  uses  daily  500  Ibs. 
of  wool.  The  Elgin  Packing  Co.  employs  100  men, 
and  cans  and  packs  corn  and  vegetables  that  cost  at 
the  factory,  $40,000  yearly.  One  carriage  factory 
employs  35  men ;  one  foundry  makes  castings  for 


Whiting  House— Lake  Geneva,  Wis 


sewing  machines,  and  for  machinery  for  dairies,  its 
exclusive  business.  In  the  city  are  twelve  churches, 
seven  public  schools,  one 
academy,  one  catholic 
school  with  200  students,  a 
tine  free  public  library  hav- 
ing 5,000  volumes,  three 
public  halls,  (Dubois  seat- 
ing 1,200),  tw<f  national 
banks,  four  flour  mills,  two 
daily,  three  weekly  and 
two  monthly  newspapers, 
and  several  hotels,  best  of 
which  are  The  Waverly,  by 
Lasher  &  Sons,  with  60 
rooms  at  $2  per  day;  The 
Western,  at  $1  per  day; 
The  City,  by  W.  Shaw,  at 
$2  per  day,  and  The  Chica- 
go, at  $1.50  per  day.  The 
court  house  is  of  brick,  and 
connected  with  it  is  the 
jail  and  city  offices.  The 
city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and 
has  a  paid  fire  department 
with  steam  fire  engines. 
46  Wherever  known  Elgin  is 

noted  for  its  beauty,  thrift 

and  enterprise.  The  Northern  Asylum  for  Insane 
is  located  in  the  centre  of  a  tract  of  480  acres  of  land, 
of  which  160  acres  were  donated  to  the  State  by  the 
city  of  Elgin.  The  buildings  of  the  asylum  are  one 
mile  southwest  of  the  city,  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
river,  and  are  in  plain  view  from  the  cars  as  you 
pass  along.  The  buildings  and  purchased  grounds 
have  cost  the  State  some  $900,000,  and  are  said  to 
be  the  most  complete  and  best  conducted  of  any  in 
the  West.  The  National  Watch  Company  have 
their  works  here,  and  employ  constantly  from  600  ^ 
to  1,000  operatives,  of  whom  one-half  are  females. 
Since  the  works  were  started,  they  have  made  over 
20.000  watches.  The  buildings  and  machinery  cost 
about  $600,000. 

Gilberts,  50  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village  of 

100  people.     Udina,  4  miles,  and  New  Hampshire, 

8  miles  distant,  are  tributary,  and  are  reached  from 

this  station. 

Huntley,  55  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in  McHenry 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTEK.V  RAILWAY. 


county,  and  is  a  village  of  600  persons.  It  has 
large  dairy  interests,  two  flour  mills,  one  flax  mill, 
three  churches,  one  graded  public  school,  and  two 
hotels. 

Union,  63  miles  from  Chicago,  pop.  360.  Has 
one  grain  elevator,  one  cheese  factory,  one  good 
school,  three  churches,  and  one  hotel.  Coral,  2y3 
miles  south,  and  FranZlinville,  4ft  miles  north,  are 
tributary. 

Marcn<*o,  (Mi  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  an 
incorporated  village  \\  ith  2,000  inhabitants,  built  on 
the  prairie,  1  mile  south  of  the  Kishwaukee  river. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  stock  growing  and  dairy  coun- 
try. The  cheese  and  butter  establishment  of 
J.  Boies  &  Son,  use  constantly  the  milk  of  3"0  cows. 
In  the  village  are  one  public,  school  building  of  six 
rooms,  six  churches,  '•  Lansign  "  and  "  Deitz  "  halls 
for  public  entertainments,  and  The  Vermont  House 
and  The  Marengo  Hotel,  to  provide  accommodations 
for  transient  go 


county  seat  of  Winnebago  county,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1836,  has  55,000  inhabitants,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  densely  settled  counties  of  the  State.  At 
Rockford  was  held  in  1845  the  first  meeting  in  the 
interest  of  railroad  building  west  of  Lake  Michigan, 
and  from  the  results  of  that  meeting,  and  the  aid 
then  pledged,  the  great  railroad  we  are  EOW  illus- 
trating can  be  clearly  traced.  Rockford  is  essen- 
tially a  manufacturing  city.  It  is  built  on  both 
sides  of  Rock  river,  which  is  here  dammed,  and 
supplies  power  for  135  manufacturing  establish- 
ments which  use  its  waters.  Over  4,600  nun  nre 
constantly  employed  in  these  establishments,  and 
as  can  readily  be  imagined,  they  tend  largely  to 
make  the  city  what  it  is.  In  the  city  are  four  flour 
mills,  the  manufacturing  firms  of  Emerson  &  Co., 
Norman  C.  Thompson,  F.  H.  Manny,  J.  P.  Manny, 
W.  A.  Knowlton,  Bertram  &  Sames,  A.  Huines  & 
Co.,  Briggs  &  Enoch,  Derwent  &  Sons,  Gault,  Hill 
&  Co.,  and  Jones  &  Yard,  all  making  agricultural 


Arlington  Heights  (late  Dunton),  III.— page   SO. 


B*»lvidere,  78  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  the 
county  seat  of  Boone  county,  which  was  organized 
in  1837,  and  has  15,000  inhabitants.  Kishwaukee 
river  runs  through  the  city,  and  divides  it  into  North 
and  South  Belvidere.  South  Belvidere  is  built  on 
elevated  prairie,  and  contains  more  than  half  of  the 
4,000  persons  who  comprise  the  population  of  this 
joint  city.  In  thy  court  house  square  is  the  grave 
of  "Big  Thunder,''  a  noted  Indian  warrior,  who 
was  killed  there  during  the  "Blackhawk  War." 
The  city  has  two  fine  school  houses.eleven  churches, 
two  public  halls  with  seats  for  2,000  persons,  and 
two  banks  with  capital  of  $150,000.  Broom  corn  is 
largely  grown  in  this  vicinity,  one  person  in  1875 
having  over  4;JO  acres  on  his  farm. 

Cherry  Valley,  84  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in 
Winnebago  county,  and  has  a  population  of  1,200. 
The  camp  meeting  ground  of  the  Northern  Metho- 
dist Conference  is  located  one-half  mile  west  of 
this  village.  The  village  has  one  school  house  that 
cost  $16,000,  three  churches  and  two  hotels— The 
Valley  House,  by  L.  N.  Doty,  and  The  Union,  by 
C.  A.  Dunwell.  Around  Cherry  Valley  are  many 
"maple  orchards."  in  which  large  quantities  of 
maple  sugar  are  made  annually. 

Rockford,  93  miles  from  Chicago.    This  is  the 


implements;  several  large  iron  works,  glove  facto- 
ries, boot  and  shoe,  pump  and  furniture  factories, 
paper  mills,  oat  meal  mills,  etc.  A  recent  acquisi- 
tion is  the  establishment  of  a  watch  company  hav- 
ing a  capital  of  $150,000,  and  al t hough  but  one-fourth 
of  the  buildings  arc  erected,  they  employ  2GO  opera- 
tors. The  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  has  water  works, 
a  fine  public  library  with  6,000  volumes  of  bound 
books,  an  efficient  fire  department,  several  news- 
papers, and  several  iron  and  stone  bridges  crossing 
the  river.  The  schools,  of  which  there  are  eight, 
and  the  churches,  of  which  there  are  sixteen, 
should  not  be  forgotten.  The  population  of  Rock- 
ford  is  over  15,000,  and  is  steadily  increasing. 

Winnebago,  100  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village 
of  600  strictly  temperance  people,  for  they  allow  no 
liquor  to  be  sold  in  the  village,  or  within  one  mile 
of  it.  It  has  one  school,  four  churches,  one  hotel, 
and  one  grain  elevator.  Fauntaindale  is  tributary, 
and  is  reached  twice  weekly  by  stage. 

Pecatoiiica,  107  miles  from  Chicago.  Here  we 
have  another  town  of  2,000  people  who  do  not 
allow  liquors  to  be  sold  within  its  corporate  limits. 
The  town  was  chartered  in  1855,  and  having  fine 
wtiter  power  utilizes  it  to  run  the  machinery  of  a 
flour  mill,  a  wagon  factory,  butter  tub  factory,  saw 


44 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


mill,  machine  shop,  and  other  minor  shops.  The 
town  has  one  good  school  house,  five  churches,  one 
newspaper,  a  masonic  and  an  odd  fellows'  hall, 
three  public  halls,  and  one  hotel,  The  Pecatouica 
House,  by  Ja?.  O'Brien,  with  20  rooms  for  gue.-ts  at 
$2  per  day.  The  town  is  built  on  Pecatonica  river, 
which  is  here  crossed  by  a  substantial  iron  bridge. 

Ridott,  114  miles  from  Chicago.  In  Stephenson 
county  is  this  village  of  300  souls.  It  has  one  grain 
elevator,  a  cheese  factory,  a  public  hall  that  cost 
$7,000,  three  schools,  one  church,  and  one  hotel. 
Orangeville,  Oneco,  and  Cedarville  are  tributary, 
and  are  reached  by  stag*. 

Freeport,  121  miles  from  Chicago.  This  city, 
with  its  11,000  inhabitants,  is  the  county  seat  of 
Stephenson  county.  The  county  was  organized  in 
1836-7,  and  was  named  for  the  Winnebago  tribe  of 
Indians,  who  had  their  homes  in  the  vicinity  until 
!<"<.  when  they  were  moved  beyond  the  borders  of 


Public  School,  Arlington  Heights,  III.— page  SO. 


Illinois.  Winnesheick,  the  head  chief  of  the  tribe, 
had  in  1827  his  village  of  200  lodges  on  the  ground 
where  Freeport  is  now  located,  and  the  burial 
ground  of  his  fathers  is  now  covered  by  the  freight 
houses  of  the  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry  !  In  early  days  con- 
siderable lead  was  mined  in  Stephenson  county, 
and  in  1827  a  war  broke  out  between  the  miners  (of 
the  Galena  district)  and  the  Indians,  and  had  it 
not  been  for  Winnesheick*s  friendly  warning,  every 
white  person  in  Northern  Illinois  would  have  been 
treacherously  murdered.  He  was  always  friendly 
to  the  whites,  and  his  memory  is  honored  by  the 
descendants  of  the  early  settlers  of  Stephenson 
county.  T'he  county  contains  fifteen  townships, 
through  each  of  which  at  least  one  stream  runs, 
thus  having  ample  water  and  drainage.  The  first 
white  permanent  settler  was  Oliver  W.  Kellogg,  of 
New  York  State,  who  came  in  1826;  the  first  mill 
in,  and  the  jail  for  the  county  were  built  in  1837,  by 


T.  J.  Turner,  once  President  of  The  Galena  & 
Chicago  Union  Railway,  as  noted  in  the  history  of 
that  line;  the  first  school  was  opened  in  1839,  and 
at  the  first  county  election  held  in  1838,  eighty-four 
votes  vvere  cast. 

t  reeport  is  on  Pecatonica  river,  30  miles  from  its 
mouth;  its  first  house  was  built  in  1835,  its  first 
store  in  1836,  first  tavern  in  1837,  first  school  in  1839, 
and  was  made  the  county  seat  in  1837.  In  1845  it 
had  a  population  of  500,  in  1850,  of  1,100,  and  has 
11,000  now.  The  river  is  dammed  here,  and  a  water 
power,  with  a  fall  of  seven  feet  secured  thereby, 
which  is  utilized  by  many  manufacturing  establish- 
ments built  along  it.  In  the  annals  of  this  city  we 
find,  that  on  July  12, 1849,  the  mercury  stood  at  114 
degrees  in  the  shade,  and  on  January  12, 1864,  at  35 
degrees  below.  In  1852  from  twenty  to  thirty  stages 
arrived  and  departed  from  this  city  daily,  it  being 
then  the  farthest  limit  that  could  be  reached  by  any 
other  public  conveyance. 
The  first  locomotive 
reached  Freeport  on  Au- 
gust 25,  1853;  the  city 
was  incorporated  in  1855, 
and  in  1856  it  was  lighted 
with  gas.  The  telegraph 


reached  it  in  1861.  It 
contains  the  following 
manufactories,  viz  : 
Champion  corn  cultiva- 
tors, fanning  mills,  Sto- 
ver wind  mills,  iron 
pumps,  Pattison's  reap- 
ers, Morgan  &  L'o.'s 
plows,  Emmert's  churns, 
two  flour  mills,  one  wool- 
en mill,  four  machine 
shops,  a  large  beet-root 
sugar  factory,  and  many 
minor  establishments ;  a 
fine  court  house,  that 
cost,  in  1872,  $140,000;  a 
soldiers'  monument,  that 
cost  $12,000;  five  banks, 
?  with  capital  of  $480,000; 
™^2B  two  public  halls,  that 
will  seat  1,300  persons; 
four  school  houses,  that 
cost  $46,000,  and  will  seat 
1,950  children;  eleven  churches;  six  masonic  lodges, 
chapters,  etc.,  occupying  a  fine  masonic  hall:  four 
newspapers,  and  six  hotels,  viz.,  The  Brewster,  by 
J.  S.  Gates;  The  Pennsylvania,  by  J.  S.  Zartman; 
The  Tremont,  by  Robey  &  Myer ;  The  New  York,  by 
John  Kerch;  The  French,  by  J.  French,  and  The 
European,  by  H.  JE.  Brown.  Orangeville,  Oneco, 
Shucey  Mills,  Monroe,  Wis.,  McConnelVs  Grove, 
Elizabeth,  Waterman's  Mills,  Yellow  Creek,  Kent, 
Lofan,  Winters,  Hum  River,  Willow,  and  Yankee 
Hollow,  are  reached  from  Freeport  by  stages.  At 
this  point  we  reach  the  NORTHERN  DIVISION  OF  THE 
ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  RAILROAD,  and  with  it  form  the 
CHICAGO,  FREEPORT  &  DUBUQUE  LINE,  over  which 
the  through  distributing  postal  cars  carrying  the 
United  States  mails  are  run  between  Chicago  and 
Lena,  Nora,  WARREN,  App'e  River,  Scales  Mound, 
Council  Hill,  GALENA,  Dunleith.  DUBUQCE.  and  all 
points  west  of  that  city.  This  forms  the  direct 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH.WKSTERX  RAILWAY. 


northern  route  to  those  points,  and  all  passengers 
passing  through  Northern  Illinois  destined  for  any   j 
of  them,  should  be  certain  to  buy  tickets  to  or  via   I 
Freeport  over  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Rail- 
way, and  should  not  be  induced  to  take  less  favor- 
able routes. 
At   Freeport   we   form    connections    with    the 


WESTERN  UNIOY  RAILROAD  for  Shannon,  Lanark, 
Mount  Carroll,  Savanna,  and  points  west.  The 
position  occupied  by  Freeport,  and  its  railway  facili- 
ties, give  to  it  a  commanding  influence  over  the 
trade  of  a  large  dis-ti  ict  on  all  sides,  and  how  well 
this  is  taken  advantage  of,  its  prosperous  merchants 
and  manufacturers  plainly  show. 


THE  CHICAGO  AND   LAKE  GENEVA   LINE. 

Two  routes  owned  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  Co.  are  open  to  the 
traveler  from  Chicago  destined  for  Lake  Geneva  and  the  surrounding  country.  The 
one  route  takes  him  via  the  Wisconsin  Division  and  Crystal  Lake,  and  will  be  described 
elsewhere.  The  other  route  is  the  one  we  would  now  call  your  attention  to.  By  it  you 
leave  Chicago  from  the  Wells  Street  depot,  follow  the  Galena  double  track,  steel  rail 
line  to  Junction,  thence  northwesterly  to  "Fox  RIVER  SWITCH,"  (44  miles  from 
Chicago),  over  the  FREEPORT  BRANCH,  and  thence  Via  the  "Fox  RIVER  BRANCH,"  to 

Dundee,  48  miles  from  Chicago.  This  pleasant 
city  of  2,500  people  is  on  Fox  river,  which  divides 
it  into  East  and  West  Dundee,  which  have  separate 
municipal  governments,  and  are  really  two  corpo- 
rations, but  here  mu^t  be  treated  as  if  one.  The 
cities  have  one  high  school  in  a  building  that  cost 
$30,000,  several  other  pub-  •  -"-= 

lie  schools,  a  public  hull 
that  cost  $5,000,  six  church- 
es, a  cheese  factory  using 
2,500  gallons  of  milk  daily, 
two  hotels — The  Bowman 
and  The  Dundee,  and  many 
large  buMne.«s  establish- 
ments. The  Dundee  Brick 
Co.employs  $25.000  capital, 
and  makes  4,000,000  bricks 
yearly.  From  this  station 
large  quantities  of  milk  are 
daily  shipped  to  Chicago. 
It  is  claimed,  and  probably 
correctly,  that  from  this 
station  is  daily  shipped 
more  milk  than  from  any 
other  station  in  the  United 
States.  Thi  cheese  and 


lage,  than  of  a  typical  Western  prairie  village : 
nestled  down  here  quietly,  and  necessarily  from 
its  situation  quite  compactly  built,  with  the  Fox 
river  and  clear  waters  of  the  lake  outlet  flowing 
through  it,  one  hardly  realizes  that  he  is  in  a  prairie 
country.  The  bluffs  above  and  below  the  village 
are  well  wooded,  and  when 

•  clothed  with  their  spring 
iand  summer  foliage,  give 
i  the  place  an  attractive  and 
j  captivating       appearance. 
^  Taken   altogether,  Aliron- 

-  qnin    possesses   a    pictur- 
egqueuess  and  beauty  rare- 
ly found  in  the  West,  and 
should    be  belter  known, 
that   it  may  be  appreciat- 
ed as    it  deter-es.     The 
village    has    had   several 
names    since    its    earlier 

3  days.     For  a  time  it  was 


butter  of  this  valley  command  a  high  price  in  the 
ma.ketiOf  Europe,  and  owing  to  the  grasses  and 
wat  -r  consumed  by  the  cows,  is  said  1o  be  of  pecul- 
iarly good  quality.  Carpenterville  is  one  mile  from 
Dundee,  and  is  an  active  manufacturing  village  with 
500  people.  It  is  connected  with  Dundee  by  a  side 
track,  and  has  one  flour  mill,  one  woolen  factory 
wi;h  two  sels  machinery,  and  employing 25  to  50 
men;  an  iron  and  bolt  company,  employing  100 
men,  and  paying  in  wages  $4,000  monthly;  an  agri- 
cultural implement  factory,  employing  30  men,  and 
several  smaller  factories  and  mill*.  Fox  river  is 
here  spanned  by  an  iron  bridge  built  by  the  Ameri- 
can Bridge  Co. 

Algonquin,  53  miles  from  Chicago.  The  quiet 
village  of  Algonquin  is  delightfully  situ  ited  in  a 
little  triangular  valley  at  the  junction  of  Crystal 
Lake  outlet  with  Fox  river.  The  bluffs,  which  at 
Elgin,  ten  miles  below,  are  gradual  slopes,  here 
assume  the  character  of  steep  hills  of  very  consid- 
erable elevation,  and  in  consequence  the  place 
has  more  the  appearance  of  a  New  England  vil- 


Ayer's  Hotel,  Harvard,  III.— page  52 

river  at  this  point. 


^>ir^»^^,^.  ^^  ^J  known  as  Cornish's  Ferry , 
.  _..'  t  hen  as  Osceola,  and  fl::ally 
in  1856  it  had  permanently 
attached  its  present  name. 
The  railroad  crosses  Fox 
Large  quantities  of  milk  are 
shipped  from  here  to  Chicago,  and  more  is  consumed 
in  its  cheese  and  butter  factories,  which  together 
absorb  daily  the  milk  of  1,500  cows,  which  are 
owned  on  fifty-four  farms  near  this  station.  Grazing 
land  sells  for  from  $30  to  $100  per  acre.  Algonquin 
contains  three  flour  mills,  one  milk  can  factory, 
two  line  school  houses,  and  several  churches. 

Crystal  Lake  is  58  miles  from  Chicago  by  this 
route,  and  will  be  described  when  we  reach  the 
Wisconsin  Division  of  the  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry. 

McHenry,  66  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  a 
village  of  2,000  people,  built  on  high  ground  on  the 
banks  of  Fox  river,  in  McHenry  county,  111.  It  has 
three  hotels,  one  school,  several  churches,  and  one 
newspaper.  Five  miles  d  slant  we  come  to  a  chain 
of  small  lakes  that  extend  eastward  some  thirty 
miles.  These  lakes  are  full  of  fish,  and  along  their 
shores  game  is  found  in  abundance. 

Ringivoml,  70  miles  from  C..icago,  is  a  village 
of  400  people,  surrounded  by  a  fine  grazing  and 
farm  country,  well  settled  and  finely  improved.  In 


46 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


the  village  are  two  hotel*,  one  school,  two  churches, 
and  the  usual  supply  of  stores,  shop?,  etc. 

Richmond,  75  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village 
has  750  inhabitants,  and  is  built  on  the  banks  of 
Neipersink  river.  It  has  one  flour  mill,  one  school, 
four  churches,  an  agricultural  implement  manufac- 
tory, and  one  hotel.  Twin  Lakes  are  three  miles 
from  the  station.  Game  abounds  in  the  vicinity. 

Genoa    Junction,    77    miles   from   Chicago. 


Passing  out  of  McHenry  county,  and  out  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  we  here  reach  Walworth  county, 
in  Wisconsin,  and  here  cross  the  KENOSHA  &  ROCK- 
FORD  RAILROAD,  one  of  the  lines  owned  by  the 
C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.  Co.  The  village  contains  300  people, 
and  has  one  flour  mill,  one  hotel,  a  planing  mill, 
one  school,  and  one  church.  Wooded  hills  sur- 
round the  town,  and  add  no  small  charm  to  the 
scenery  of  the  vicinity. 


LAKE  GENEVA,  Wis. 


Lake  Geneva,  via  Elgin,  is  86  miles,  and  via 
Crystal  Lake,  70  miles  from  Chicago.  During  the 
summer  season  through  trains  are  run  by  both 
routes,  but  during  the  winter  through  trains  are  run 
only  via  Elgin,  yet  in  the  winter  close  connections 
are  made  by  the  Wisconsin  Division  trains  at  Crystal 


the  richest  enjoyment  to  the  seeker  of  pleasure. 
The  waters  are  remarkably  clear  and  cold,  being 
supplied  by  springs,  and  in  many  places  are 
known  to  be  very  deep.  The  lake  was  called  by 
the  Indians  " Kish-wa-ke-ta,"  signifying  "crystal 
water."  In  later  times  it  was  known  as  Big  Foot 


The  Lake  and  the  Oakwood  Hotel,  Green  Lake,  Wis. -page  58. 


Lake,  with  the  through  trains  that  run  by  the  Elgin 
route. 

This  delightful  and  thriving  village  is  situated 
upon  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Geneva.  No  more 
lovely  sheet  of  water  can  be  found  in  the  North- 
west, and  no  town  could  be  blessed  with  more 
charming  scenery.  It  is  fast  becoming  noted  for 
its  beauty,  and  many  hundreds  arc  making  it  their 
summer  resort.  Its  growth  and  improvement  for 
the  past  few  years  have  been  marked,  and  the  ex- 
tensive hotels  now  building  upon  its  banks  only 
await  completion  to  be  thronged  with  the  tourist 
and  traveler  from  every  part.  Two  fine  side-wheel 
steamers  make  regular  trips  from  Geneva  to  Fon- 
tana  and  intermediate  points  of  interest,  affording 


Lake,  from  its  slight  resemblance  to  the  human 
leg  and  a  monstrous  foot.  The  lake  as  it  is  now 
known  was  named  for  Geneva  Lake  in  New  York, 
which  in  turn  was  named  for  Geneva  Lake  in  Swit- 
zerland. Its  shores  are  in  places  bold,  at  others 
undulating;  here  topped  with  grand  old  forests  of 
oak,  there  opening  out  into  a  wide  rolling  stretch  of 
country,  dotted  with  fields  of  waving  grass  and 
grain,  and  beautiful  farm  houses.  Mansions  of 
great  size  and  immense  cost,  displaying  exquisite 
architecture,  and  surrounded  by  grassy  terraces  and 
|  rarest  flower  gardens,  adorn  the  shores  near  the  vil- 
lage, while  the  lands  for  some  miles  out  have  been 
purchased  by  capitalists,  and  at  no  distant  day  will 
be  adorned  with  all  that  money  and  skill  can  do  to 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


47 


make  a  rural  home  inviting  and  lovely.  Springs  of 
mineral  properties,  and  it  is  hoped  value,  have  been 
discovered  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  where  a  largo 
summer  boarding  hoMse  la  to  be  erected.  The 
fish  of  the  lake  are  pickerel,  rock  and  black 
bass,  and  perch;  but 
most  important  of  all 
is  the  celebrated  "  cis- 
co,"  which  comes  to 
tih. in-  and  is  usually 
seen  but  once  during 
the  year,  which  is 
from  June  10  to  June 
15,  when  a  certain  fly 
becomes  unpleasantly 
abundant  about  the 
shore,  and  which  be- 
comes food  for  the 
cisco  during  this  their 
spawning  time.  Cisco 
fishing  is  a  sport  rel- 
ished by  many,  who 
travel  ofttimes  long 
distances  to  share  it 
with  the  villagers  and 
visitors,  who  gener- 
ally turn  out  and  make 
it  a  gala  week.  The 
village  is  well  laid 
out,  the  site  being  a 
little  elevated  and 
quite  level,  with  high 
rolling  hills  to  the 
east,  west  and  north. 
The  outlet  ef  tho  hike 
furnishes  a  valuable 
water  power,  which 
operates  a  large  grist 
mill,  woolen  mill  and 
saw  mill.  Geneva  at 
present  has  about 
2,500  inhabitants,  the 
census  of  1870  show- 
tag  2,042.  The  town 
has  six  churches, 
three  hotels,  one  of 
•which  is  valued  at 
450.000,  a  large"  and 
flourishing  ladies1 
seminary,  a  flne  pub- 
lic school  building, 
the  most  valuable  in 
the  county,  one  bank, 
one  newspaper,  and 
the  usual  amount  of 
store  and  other  village 
property.  Geneva  was 
for  many  years  the 
direct  point  from 
which  most  supplies 
of  lumber,  flour,  feed, 
and  other  pioneer 
necessities  were  ob- 
tained. The  prospects 


of  this  town  we  think  unusually  flattering;  with  a 
proportionate  growth  in  manufacturing,  with  its 
watering  attractions  it  must  at  no  distant  day 
rank  among  the  best  towns  of  the  State. 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


TO    THE    NORTH    &    NORTHWEST. 

The  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  Company  owns  two  lines  that  run  from 
Chicago  northwardly,  and  one  of  these  lines,  62  miles  beyond  Chicago,  divides,  and 
thereafter  two  lines  are  formed  that  continually  diverge  until  their  northern  and  north- 
western termini  are  many  hundred  miles  apart.  Examine  our  map.  Note  Harvard 
Junction  as  the  point  of  bifurcation — Ishperning  in  the  north,  close  to  Lake  Superior, 
as  the  northern  terminus  of  one  line,  and  Lake  Kampeska  as  the  northwestern  terminus 
of  the  other.  Yet  another  peculiarity  should  be  noted— after  the  North- Western  line  has 
reached  Elroy,  150  miles  from  Harvard  Junction,  and  212  miles  from  Chicago,  another 
line  starts  off  towards  the  north,  and  ends  at  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis.  This  will  be 
treated  of  11  its  proper  place  a«  a  portion  of  our  CHICAGO,  MADISON  &  ST.  PAUL  LINE. 

We  trust  you  will  fix  in 
your  minds  the  locale  of 
these  three  lines,  and  be 
enabled  to  follow  us  when 
we  come  to  describe  the 
various  points  along  them. 
They  will  be  mostly  treated 
as  independent  lines,  as 
they  are  to  a  large  extent. 
The  other  line  running 
northwardly  from  Chicago, 
referred  to  above,  is  the  old 
Lake  Shore,  Chicago  & 
Milwaukee  Line,  and  is 
here  mentioned  for  the 
reason  that  it,  too,  reaches 
at  Fond  du  Lac,  the  Wis- 
consin Division,  which 
forms  a  portion  of  the 
Green  Bay  &  Lake  Supenor 
Line,  which  we  propose  to 
take  up  first.  The  Milwau- 
kee Line,  and  its  connection 
at  Fond  du  Lac  with  the 
Wisconsin  Division,  will  be 
discussed  in  its  proper 
place.  With  this  preface, 
we  will  attempt  to  produce 


Magone  Falls,  near  Green  Bay,  WIs.— page  65. 

for  your  use  a  faint  picture  of  the  noted 


CHICAGO,  GREEN  BAY  &  LAKE  SUPERIOR  LINE. 

This  line  is  formed  of  the  Wisconsin  and  Peninsula  Divisions  of  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  Railway.  The  first  runs  from  Chicago,  via  Harvard,  Janesville,  Water- 
town,  Fond  du  Lac  and  Oshkosh,  to  Fort  Howard  (Green  Bay);  and  the  last  from 
Green  Bay,  via  Oconto,  Menomonee,  Escanaba  and  Negaunee,  to  Ishpeming.  in  the 
heart  of  the  iron  region  of  Lake  Superior,  and  within  12  miles  of  the  city  of  Marquette. 
Leaving  Chicago  from  the  Depot  on  the  corner  of  West  Kinzie  and  Canal  streets,  it 
runs  through  the  northwest  suburbs  of  the  city,  out  of  Cook  and  into  and  through  Lake 
and  McHenry  counties,  in  Illinois;  Walworth,  Rock,  Jefferson,  Dodge,  Fond  du  Lac, 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTII-WKSTERN  RAILWAY. 


49 


Winnebago,  Outagamie,  Brown  and  Oconto  counties,  in  Wisconsin;  and  Bleeker, 
Delta  and  Marquette  counties  in  the  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan.  This  line  is 
421  miles  long,  without  counting  the  many  short  branches  that  radiate  from  the  main 

line  near  its  northern  ter- 
minus, and,  with  its  con- 
nection to  Marquette, 
gives  us  an  all  rail  line, 
and  the  only  one  from 
Chicago  to  the  shores  of 
Lake  Superior.  It  passes 
through  as  great  a  variety 
of  scenery  as  can  be  found 
on  any  line.  First,  the 
old  settled  eastern  part 
of  Northern  Illinois,  with 
its  suburban  villages  and 
cosy  little  towns;  then 
through  the  grass  and 
dairy  region  of  Southeast- 
ern Wisconsin;  'then 


First  National  Hotel,  Creen  Bay    WIs.— page  66. 


through  as  fine  a  farming  and  fruit  region  as  the  West  or  any  other  country  produces, 
followed  by  the  pine  lands  of  the  northeastern  part  of  that  State,  and  of  the  southern 
portion  of  the  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan;  then  the  sand  hill  and  cedar  country, 
along  upper  Green  Bay  and  the  Esca- 
naba  river,  and,  finally^ in  the  ribbed  and 
rock}'  iron  country.  All  this  can  be 
passed  through  in  a  summer  day's  jour- 
ney, and  can  be  viewed  and  enjoyed 
from  the  luxurious  seats  of  the  Pullman 
Palace  Coach,  as  it  passes  daily  in  its 
journey  from  Chicago  to  Marquette,  or 
vice  versa.  Besides  opening  up  the 
charming  country  along  its  own  line,  this 
road  crosses  and  forms  connections  with 
a  series  of  east  and  west  roads,  which 
together  give  entrance  to  all  parts  of  the 
State  of  Wisconsin,  and  offer  gateways  to 
the  summer  resorts  and  fishing  and  shoot- 
ing grounds  that  are  becoming  so  well 
and  favorably  known,  not  only  over  our 
own  land,  but  in  "  the  lands  beyond  the 
sea." 

We  will  now  commence  our  trip  up 

Cook's  Hotel,  Creen  Bay,  Wis.— page  66. 

this  hue,  and  having  seated  ourselves  in 

the  elegant  coaches  of  the  line  as  they  stand  in  the  West  Kinzie  and  Canal  streets- 
depot,  we  will  first  see  what  is  offered  for  suburban  patrons,  and  to  do  that,  we  show 
the  commutation  rates  as  follows  : 


50 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


COMMUTATION  RATES  —  WISCONSIN  DIVISION. 


1 

u 

c 

BBTWKBN 

OHio^a-o 

ADD 

•£/ 

\ 

cr. 

| 

3 
M 

3 

H 

5| 

o  "~ 

ifja 
E-  a 

*S 

JJ 

tv 

~  o 

£  a, 
g 

1 

3 

» 

L 

—  —  - 

i^ 

•3 

3 

1| 

—    U 

H 
£* 
& 

7. 

j 

M 
P 

~z 

•5 

First  Hair-Yearly 

Ticket. 

Second  Half.  Yearly 
Ticket. 

4  1 

Maple  wood  

.15 

1  10 

2.50 

6  50 

3 

3801) 

23  00 

18  00 

6  7 

Irving  Park  

25 

1  80 

4.00 

7  20 

3 

4800 

22  00 

7  6 

Mont  rose  

.27 

2.00 

4.60 

9  10 

3 

54  00 

33  00 

25  00 

8  8 

Plank  Road  

.80 

2.35 

5.30 

11  00 

3 

6000 

36  00 

27  00 

10  4 

35 

2  75 

6.30 

13  00 

4 

68  (10 

81  00 

12  1 

Canfleld    

40 

820 

7  30 

15  00 

7200 

S3  00 

13  1 

Park  Kidge  

45 

350 

7.90 

15  75 

72  50 

48  50 

8350 

16  6 

Des  Platnes  

60 

4.40 

10.00 

18.50 

7700 

47  CO 

35  00 

19  9 

Mount  Prospect  

.'0 

5.30 

12.00 

21  50 

8000 

48  00 

3600 

22  4 

Arlington  Heights.  . 

.80 

5.95 

13.50 

23  50 

8500 

51  00 

3300 

M  1 

Palatine  

.90 

6.90 

15.70 

26.10 

/t 

95.00 

57  00 

4300 

81  6 
88.8 

Harrington  
Gary  

1.10 
1.35 

8.40 

.  10.15 

19.00 
23.00 

81.60 
88.80 

5 

110.00 
115.00 

66.00 
6800 

50.00 
f300 

42.9 

Crystal  Lake  } 

1.50 

H.35 

25.80 

42.90 

6 

120.00 

7200 

S}  00 

50.2 

McHenry  J 

1.75 

13.30 

30.15 

50.20 

6 

64.2 

Ringwood  ] 

1.90 

14.35 

32.55 

54.20 

6 

59.7 

Richmond  j 

2.10 

15.85 

35.85 

59.70 

6 

61.5 

Genoa  Junction  ) 

2.15 

16.80 

36.90 

61.50 

6 

70.2 

Lake  Geneva  ] 

2.50 

18.60 

42.00 

70.00 

6 

45.7 

Ridgefleld  

1.60 

12.10 

27.50 

45.70 

6 

125.00 

73.00 

56.00 

51  3 

Woodstock  

1.80 

13.60 

30.80 

51.00 

6 

150.00 

90.00 

67  IX) 

iilv  Tickets  limited  to  Six  Months. 


All  these  points  are  amply  provided  with  many  fast  trains  daily  to  and  from  Chicago. 
Passing  out  of  the  depot,  and  through  the  northern  limits  of  the  city  of  Chicago, 
we  run  past  MAPLEWOOD,  a  bright  little  village,  and  IRVING  PARK,  of  similar  char- 
acter, and  eight  miles  out  reach  MONTROSE,  a  new  station  on.a  level  prairie,  where  we 
cross  a  railway  line,  and  make  a  halt  of  a  few  seconds  only,  as,  beyond  the  artesian 
wells,  there  is  nothing  to  detain  us  for  description.  One  mile  further  on  we  reach 
PLANK  ROAD,  with  a  population  of  800  and  two  hotels;  then  one  mile  beyond  we  have 
NORWOOD,  and  two  miles  further,  CAXFIELD;  and  13  miles  from  Chicago,  PARK  RIDGE, 
with  its  700  people,  two  churches,  one  school,  one  hotel,  and  an  artesian  well  1,600  feet 
deep,  that  cost  $5,500,  and  flows  water  strongly  medicinal,  and  having  a  local  repu- 
tation as  a  powerful  remedial  agent.  Pushing  on,  we  get  beyond  the  line  of  residence 
villages,  and 


Des  Plaines,  17  miles  from  Chicago,  is  reached, 
and  is  found  to  be  a  thrifty  growing  village  of  1,500 
people,  located  on  the  banks  of  the  Des  Plaines 
river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge.  Along 
the  river  are  many  pleasant  groves,  through  which 
roads  have  been  opened,  giving  facilities  for  pleas- 
ant drives.  The  Methodist  camp  meeting  grounds 
are  contiguous  to  the  village;  on  these  grounds  are 
now  over  100  houses.  In  the  village  is  a  large  brick 
school  house,  four  churches,  and  one  hotel— The 
American,  by  H.  &  A.  Ward,  at  $2  per  day.  West 
and  East  Northfleld,  Wheeling,  Half  Day  and  Elk 
Grove,  are  tributary  villages,  six  to  ten  miles  dis- 
tant, and  reached  by  stage  lines. 

Mount  Prospect,  17  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a 
new  station. 

Arlington  Heights,  22  miles  from  Chicago. 
This  is  the  village  that  has  for  many  years  been 


known  as  Dunton.  It  is  built  on  ground  elevated 
200  feet  above  Lake  Michigan,  and  75  feet  above  the 
railroad  track,  yet  water  is  obtained  in  abundance 
in  digging  wells  not  more  than  25  feet  deep.  The 
town  was  laid  out  in  1853,  and  now  has  1,500  inhabit- 
ants. Considerable  manufacturing  is  carried  on — 
one  concern  employing  150  men,  and  another  (a 
brass  foundry)  employs  100  men.  In  the  town  are 
five  public  parks,  adorned  with  flowers  and  shrubs, 
one  school,  in  a  house  that  cost  $10,000;  three 
churches,  a  steam  flour  mill,  two  grain  elevators 
and  three  hotels.  Marl  and  peat  beds  are  found  in 
the  vicinity,  and  are  worked  to  some  extent.  Lake 
Zurich,  a  pleasant  summer  resort,  seven  miles  north- 
west, Elk  Grove,  two  miles  south,  and  Long  Grove, 
two  miles  north,  are  tributary.  - 

Palatine,  26  miles  from  Chicago,    This  village, 
with  its  1,500  inhabitants,  is  on  the  borders  of  tho 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN'  RAILWAY. 


51 


<l  Lake  Country  "  of  Northern  Illinois.  Lakes  Zu- 
rich, Diamond,  Grass,  Honey  and  Bangs  are  near 
the  station,  and  furnish  excellent  fishing,  boating 
and  bathing  facilities.  Of  these,  Lake  Zurich  may 
be  especially  mentioned,  as  it  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  bodies  of  fresh  water  to  be  found  any- 
where. The  village  of  the  same  name  is  on  its 
shores,  and  has  in  it  two  good  hotels,  for  70  summer 
guests.  Palatine  contains  two  grain  elevators,  one 
public  hall,  two  newspaper  offices,  one  school  and 
three  churches. 


Harrington,  32  miles  from  Chicago,  pop.  1,200, 
is  in  the  northern  part  of  rook  county,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  fine  agricultural  country.  It  is  a  large 
milk  shipping  point,  and  has  several  butter  and 
cheese  factories  within  its  limits.  In  the  village  are 
four  churches,  one  school,  two  hotels,  and  many 
fine  business  houses.  Wauconda  is  9  miles  north, 
and  to  it  stages  run  daily,  stopping  at  Lake  Zurich 
en  route.  Fare  to  Lake  Zurich  25  cents,  and  to 
Wauconda  50  cents. 


LAKE  ZURICH. 


Unlike  many  less  favored  places,  little  has  been 
said  of  the  one  named  above.  Last  year  a  few  of 
the  lovers  of  quiet  and  the  beautiful  sought  this 
place  out — one  of  them,  writ- 
ing to  the  Chicago  Tribune, 
says: 

"It  may  be,  and  probably 
is,  the  fact,  that  many  of  your 
readers  are  not  aware  what  a 
beautiful  summer  resort  lies 
within  an  hour  and  a  half's 
ride  of  Chicago.  Many  peo- 
ple who  swelter  through  the 
hot  season,  and  who  cannot 
afford  to  take  a  vacation,  or 
expend  much  money  in  pleas- 
ure-seeki:.g,  will  undoubtedly 
be  glad  to  know  that  within 
so  short  a  distance,  and 
which  may  be  reached  in  so 
abort  a  time,  and  at  a  compar- 
atively nominal  cost,  there 
lies  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
spots  that  can  be  found  any- 
where in  the  Western  country. 
Lake  Zurich  is  named  after 
one  of  the  most  splendid  lakes 
in  Switzerland,  and  when  once 
seen,  and  its  scenery  and  love- 
liness enjoyed,  no  one  would 
for  a  moment  think  that  he 
who  named  it  was  guilty  of 
any  presumption  in  top  christ- 
•ening.  This  place  is  situated 
on  the  edge  of  Lake  county, 
four  miles  north  by  east  from 
Barrington  Station,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Division  of  the 


to  let  the  people  of  our  great  city,  who  may  long 
for  the  inexpensive  luxury  of  a  brief  respite  from 
the  dust,  and  din,  and  heat  of  the  restless,  surging 


Mineral  Dock,  Escanaba,  Mich.— page  69. 


Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway.  An  omnibus 
la  in  waiting  on  the  arrival  of  trains,  to  convey  pas- 
sengers to  the  Lake  Zurich  House.  The  short  ride 
by  stage  is  even  more  delightful  than  by  rail.  The 
road  runs  through  a  splendid  farming  country, 
teeming  with  all  the  exuberant  richness  of  a  boun- 
teous soil,  alternating  with  woodland  and  prairie, 
hills  and  valleys,  fields  of  waving  grain,  and  farm 
houses  embowered  in  shrubbery— making  one  of 
the  finest  landscapes  I  have  ever  seen  anywhere. 

"  This  letter  is  written  at  the  close  of  the  celebra- 
tion of  our  National  Anniversary,  which  has  been 
a  glorious  day  here.  Though  writing  from  Lake 
Zurich,  yet  I  do  not  live  here,  and  have  never  been 
here  before.  I  have,  therefore,  no  ax  to  grind  and 
nobody's  horn  to  blow,  but  am  actuated  by  a  desire 


multitude,  know  what  a  delightful  rural  retreat  lies 
upon  our  very  outskirts,  where  pleasure  and  rest 
are  within  the  reach  of  all.  I  never  till  to-day  so 
fully  realized  the  force  of  the  expression, '  Man  made 
the  city,  but  God  made  the  country;1  it  was.  perhaps, 
because  the  contrast  was  so  great  and  so  immediate — 
as  the  saying  is,  '  Out  of  Purgatory  into  Paradise.' 

"  Lake  Zurich  is  belted  all  around  with  beautiful 
groves  of  timber,  among  the  opcnir  gs  of  which, 
grass-plats  slope  dowu  to  the  pebbled  beach,  where 
the  pure  crystal  waters  lave  the  shore.  The  lake, 
as  I  am  informed,  abou-  ds  with  fish  of  various 
kinds,  the  principal  of  which  are  pickerel  and  black 
bass,  which  may  be  taken  with  the  spear  by  torch- 
light in  the  shallower  parts  of  the  lake,  or  with 
hook  and  line,  and  by  trolling. 


fi2 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


"I  shall  not  soon  forget  my  first  visit  to  Lake 
Zurich;  and,  in  conclusion,  can  only  express  the 
hope  that  hundreds  of  others,  .from  our  crowded 
and  dusty  city,  may  enjoy,  in  this  quiet  and  secluded 
retreat,  the  delight  which  will  not  be  excelled 
though  they  travel  hundreds  of  miles  to  find  it.'1 

The  above  was  written  by  a  gentleman  who  has 
visited  every  celebrated  watering  place  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe,  and  speaks  from  personal 
experience. 

Gary,  38  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village  of 
100  people  is  one  mile  from  Fox  river,  in  which  is 
most  excellent  fishing.  The  village  has  one  good 
hotel,  in  which  sportsmen  always  find  a  hearty 
welcome. 

Crystal    L::kt>,  by  this    route   43   miles    from 


the  county  is  very  evenly  divided  between  prairie 
and  timber.  In  the  county  are  thirteen  flour  mills 
run  by  water,  twenty-seven  cheese  factories,  and 
twenty-three  butter  factories.  What  is  now  Wood- 
stock was  until  1844  known  as  Centreville,  and  as- 
such  had  been  the  county  seat  for  7  years.  The 
name  was  changed  at  request  of  the  then  County 
Clerk,  and  was  named  after  Woodstock,  Vermont. 
The  city  is  built  on  a  ridge  running  between  Fox 
and  Rock  rivers,  and  has  2,500  inhabitants,  a  county 
court  house,  a  theatre,  four  public  halls,  one  hotel. 
—The  Waverly  hou.sc,  having  60  rooms,  and  several 
manufactories.  The  Woodstock  Pickle  Factory- 
employs  50  men,  and  uses  of  cucumbers  34,000  bush- 
els, cabbage  10,000  tons,  cauliflower  1,000  tons,  and 
equally  large  lots  of  other  vegetables  yearly;  in 
1875  it  produced  over  f  350,000  worth  of  pickles. 


Teal  Lake,  Negaunee,  Mich.—  page  70. 

From  a  painting  by  E.  Schrottky,  of  Ni-raunee. 


Chicago.  At  this  point  we  cross  the  Fox  RIVEB 
BRANCH  of  the  C.  &  N.-W.  fiy,  and  can,  via  this 
route,  reach  Lake  Geneva,  as  stated  elsewhere. 
Crystal  Lake  has  a  population  of  1,000,  and  is  built 
1  y2  miles  from  the  lake  of  the  same  name,  which  was 
named  from  its  purely  clear  waters.  From  this 
lake  thousands  of  tons  of  ice  are  cut  and  yearly 
shipped  to  Chicago  and  more  southern  points.  The 
village  was  laid  out  in  1855,  and  has  good  schools, 
four  churches,  and  several  manufactories,  amongst 
which  are  pickling  and  canning  establishments  that 
alone  occupy  $400,000  of  capital,  and  200  to  300 
men.  Its  hotels  are  The  Hyett  House,  and  Ashton's. 

Kidgefielcl,  46  miles  from  Chicago.  This  station 
is  built  on  the  edge  of  a  large  tract  of  timber,  has 
500  inhabitants,  a  good  school,  one  church,  fine 
fishing  and  shooting  in  its  vicinity,  and  is  surrounded 
by  as  fine  farming  land  as  is  to  be  found  in  the 
State. 

Woodstock,  51  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  the 
county  seat  of  McHenry  county,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1836,  named  after  Col.  Wm.  McHenry,  of 
Filackhawk  War  fame,  has  26,000  inhabitants,  and  is 
one  of  the  richest,  most  productive,  and  most 
thickly  settled  counties  in  the  State.  The  land  of 


The  northern  portion  of  the  C.  &  N.-WT.  Ry.  wa8 
first  projected  by  citizens  of  Woodstock,  who  lent 
their  aid  in  its  building,  and  all  through  its  earlier 
trials. 

Kishwaukee,  56  miles  from  Chicago,  a  station 
without  an  agent. 

Harvard,  62  miles  from  Chicago.  This  city  is  • 
built  on  the  brow  of  a  hill,  which  descends  to- 
wards the  south,  and  is  crowned  (in  the  back 
ground)  by  a  forest  of  hard  woods.  Its  situation  is 
picturesque,  and  from  its  streets  many  charming 
views  of  the  highly  cultivated  and  beautiful  sur- 
rounding country  may  be  enjoyed.  The  KENOSHA 
&  ROCKFORD  DIVISION  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railway  here  crosses  the  line  we  are  de- 
scribing, and. here  also  the  CHICAGO,  MADISON  & 
ST.  PAUL  LINE  diverges  toward  the  northwest. 
When  reading  about  this  last-named  line,  please 
remember  that  it  follows  the  Wisconsin  Division,  or 
the  Green  Bay  &  Lake  Superior  Line,  to  this  point, 
but  is  an  independent  and  distinctly  different  line 
beyond  this  station.  •  Harvard  is  growing  rapidly; 
60  residences  were  erected  in  the  town  in  1874,  and 
over  100  in  1875.  It  contains  over  3,000  people, 
three  grain  elevators,  flour  mills,  wagon  and  sash, 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


53 


door  and  blind  factories,  good  schools,  a  fine  public 
hall  ("Ayer's"),  that  cost  $15,000,  and  will  seat  600 
persons;  four  churches,  two  hotels— The  Walker, 
with  20  rooms,  and  last,  but  not  least,  the  veil- 
known  and  admirably  kept  Ayer's  Hotel,  of  which 
the  proprietor.  Judge  Ayer,  is  known  far  and  wide 
as  eminently  the  hotel  keeper  of  Northern  Illinois. 
This  house  is  a  regular  dining  hall  for  this  road,  and 
on  its  tables,  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  are  found 
not  only  the  substantiate,  but  all  the  delicacies  of 
the  table;  game  and  iMi  are  always  to  be  had,  and 
it  ifl  no  stretch  of  truth  to  say,  that  its  tables-always 
"groan  "  with  the  good  things  of  this  life.  At  this 
point  the  railroad  company  has  a  repair  and  ma- 
chine shop,  with  a  brick  round  house  for  18  engines. 


Two  malthouses  are  in  content  operation,  and  pro- 
duce over  100,100  bushels  of  malt  yearly.  Ayer^t 
Corners,  five  miles  north,  is  reached  by  stage  daily 
for  50  cts.  Twin  Lakes,  a  popular  fishing  resort,  i» 
20  miles  distant.  A  line  of  stages  runs  to  the  shores 
of  Lake  Geneva,  from  whence  passengers  are  taken 
by  steamer  to  the  village  of  Geneva,  at  the  .foot  of 
the  lake. 

Ijiwrence,  65  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village  of 
200  souls,  built  on  J'iskasaw  Creek- the  Big  Foot 
Prairie  —which  was  the  home  of  a  celebrated  Indian 
chief,  called  "  Big  Foot."  Passing  out  of  the  State 
of  Illinois,  we  find  the  southern  line  of  Wisconsin 
close  to  the  next  station. 


WISCONSIN. 


The  '•  Badger  State  "  is  yearly  becoming  more 
widely  and  more  favorably  known  to  the  summer 
tourist,  and  to  the  seeker  after  rural  pleasures. 
While  comparatively  a 
new  State,  it  is  yet  old  in 
many  respects.  As  long 
ago  as  the  middle  of  the 
17th  century,  it  was  visited 
by  French  missionaries 
and  traders,  who  took 
home  with  them  glowing 
accounts  of  the  fertility  of 
its  soil;  of  the  splendor  of 
its  scenery;  of  the  fresh- 
ness of  its  odorous  pine- 
clad  hills;  of  its  flashing, 
dazzling,  rapid  running 
streams,  full  of  many 
kinds  of  fish;  of  its  clear, 
deep,  cold,  pure  and  beau- 
tiful lakes,  of  which  the 
State  has  many  hundreds ; 
and  of  its  delightful, 
balmy  and  invigorating 
summer  climate.  The 
stories  of  these  advan- 
tages were  not  lost  on  the 
beauty-loving  French,  and 
soou  colonies  were  formed 
for  the  settlement  of  this 
beautiful  "Xeekoospara," 
as  they  had  learned  to  call 
from  the  Indians  the  coun- 
try we  now  name  Wiscon- 
sin. It  may  rightly  then 
be  inferred  that  the  French 
were  the  first  whites  to 
make  homes  along  the 
bays,  lakes  and  rivers  of 


and  animals,  that  are  evidently  the  work  of  a  race 
different  from  those  who  possessed  the  country  at 
the  period  of  the  arrival  of  the  French.  At  Aztalan, 


Iron  Mine  and  Ore  Train,  near  Negaunee,  Mich.— page  7O. 


this  well  favored  land.  Prairie  dn  Chien,  La  Crosse, 
Fond  du  Lac,  Green  Bay,  Menomonee,  anrt  many 
other  now  flourishing  towns  or  cities,  were  founded 
by  the  French,  and  in  in:  ny  of  them  can  yet  be 
found  the  descendants  of  the  early  pioneers. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. 

Scattered,  if  we  may  so  speak,  all  over  the  State, 
can  be  found  objects  of  interest  to  the  lover  of  the 
picturesque,  and  not  a  few  of  interest  to  the  anti- 
quary- Scattered  over  her  undulating  plains  are 
(ound  earthworks,  modeled  after  the  forms  of  men 


in  Jefferson  county,  is  an  ancient  fortification, 
1,700  feet  long  and  900  feet  wide,  with  walls  five  to 
six  feet  high  and  more  than  20  feet  thick;  this,  with 
another  near  the  Blue  Mounds,  near  Madison,  re- 
sembles a  man  in  a  recumbent  position.  Another, 
near  Madison,  in  Bane  county,  resembles  a  turtle; 
one  at  the  south  end  of  "The  Devil's  Lake,"  in 
Sauk  county,  closely  resembles  an  eagle;  and  one 
near  Cassville,  in  Grant  county,  on  the  Mississippi 
river,  resembles  the  extinct  mastodon.  The  Blue 
Mounds,  in  Dane  county,  rise  to  2,000  feet  above  the 
surrounding  country,  and  are  prominent  landmarks 


54 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


in  that  prairie  country.  This  State  shares  with  Min- 
nesota the  beautiful  Lake  Pepin,  an  expansion  of 
the  Mississippi  river,  mostly  walled  in  by  precipi- 
tous shores  which  rise  in  places  to  500  feet.  Con- 
nected with  almost  every  cliff  or  promontory  along 
the  shores  of  this  beautiful  lake,  are  legends  of  the 
Indians  who  formerly  had  homes  here.  Along  the 
rivers  of  this  State  are  found  many  beautiful  falls, 
rivaling  those  of  older  States:  In  the  St.  Louis  river 
are  "  The  Dalles,''  which  have  a  descent  of  320  feet. 
The  Dalles  of  the  St.  Croix  are  also  well  known. 
Quinncssec  Falls,  in  Menomonee  river,  have  a  per- 
pendicular pitch  of  over  50  feet,  and  a  general  de- 
Bcent  of  150  feet  in  a  mile  and  a  half,  besides  many 
other  rapids,  where  the  river  tosses  and  dashes 
through  narrow  and  tortuous  denies.  Chippewa 
Falls  and  Big  Bull  Falls  might  also  be  noted. 
Along  the  Wisconsin  river  are  many  grand  and  pic- 
turesque views;  in  Eichland  county  the  banks  of 
«.he  river  rise  to  a  height  of  200  to  250  feet,  and  in 
auk  county  it  passes  through  narrow  gorges  where 
,he  banks  rise  to  500  to  600  feet  elevation.  Grand- 
father Bull  Falls,  the  greatest  rapids  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin river,  are  in  north  latitude  45,  and  are  a  series  of 


cascades  breaking  through  a  ridge  150  feet  perpen- 
dicular height,  for  a  distance  of  nearly  two  milesi 
on  (he  same  river,  near  latitude  44,  is  Petenwell 
Peak,  an  oval  mass  of  rock,  900  feet  long  by  300 
wide  and  200  high,  and  from  which  commanding 
views  can  be  obtained.  About  70  feet  of  the  upper 
portion  of  this  rock  is  cut  and  split  iuto  fantastic 
shapes,  many  of  the  fragments  resembling  castles, 
towers  and  turrets.  A  few  miles  from  this  rock  is 
Fortification  Rock,  which  rises  perpendicularly 
several  hundred  feet.  At  The  Dalles  this  river  is 
compressed  for  five  or  six  miles  between  red  sand- 
stone bluffs,  averaging  over  100  feet  in  height. 

The  principal  lakes  are  Lake  Winnebago,  in  the 
southeastern  portion  of  the  State— this  lake  is  about 
30  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide,  and  communicates 
with  Green  Bay  (an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan)  through. 
Fox  or  Neenah  river— Horicon  Lake,  Devil's  Lake, 
Lake  Koshkonong,  Lake  Geneva,  Lake  Zurich,  and 
the  four  lakes  around  Madison;  these  are  the  larger 
Jakes  of  this  lake-studded  State.  Along  all  the 
rivers  of  the  State,  and  at  their  "heads,"  hundreds 
of  little  lakes  are  found,  like  gems  glittering  in  the 
sunshine. 


Ishpeming,  Mich.— Its  Hotel— page  71. 


Sharon,  71  miles  from  Chicago.  The  first  station 
we  reach  after  crossing  the  State  line  is  Sharon,  a 
village  of  2,000  people,  in  Walworth  county.  A 
Jocal  history  says:  "  Sharon  village  and  township 
are  situated- in  the  extreme  southeast  portion  of  the 
county,  on  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway. 
The  township  contains  two  villages,  Sharon  and 
Allen's  Grove,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad.  The 
land  is  all  valuable,  there  being  no  lakes  or  swamps. 
The  business  of  Sharon  village  is  in  a  thriving  and 
healthful  condition.  The  village  has  several 
churches  and  hotels,  one  newspaper,  one  academy, 
and  one  public  school  building.  Its  population  in 
1870  was  1,865.  The  first  settler  in  this  town  was 
John  Reeder,  who  came  the  latter  part  of  1836  or 
first  of  '37.  He  made  a  claim  and  broke  the  first 
ground.  Soon  after  came  Josiah  Topping,  and 


settled  at  Topping's  Corners.  Here  he  built  the 
first  frame  house,  and  here  was  erected  the  first 
school  house  in  the  township.  The  village  was 
named  for  Sharon,  Schoharie  county,  N.  Y.  Al- 
len's Grove  has  an  academy  building."  Our  notes 
show  that  Sharon  now  has  two  good  graded  public 
schools,  a  flour  mill,  a  public  hall,  three  churches, 
two  hotels— The  Corliss  and  The  Wolcott,  and  the 
largest  cheese  factory  in  the  State. 

Walworth  county  is  said  to  have  been  the  first 
organized,  in  1838,  when  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin 
embraced  the  country  now  known  as  the  States  of 
Iowa.  Minnesota, Wisconsin,  and  parts  of  Nebraska, 
and  of  the  Territory  of  Dakota.  In  the  county  are 
21  lakes,  amongst  which  are  Lakes  Geneva,  Crooked, 
Army,  Potter's,  Booth,  Lulu,  Como,  Turtle,  White- 
water, Bass,  Holden's,  Grove,  Middle,  Mill,  dtter 


THE  CHICAGO  <fc  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


and  Pleasant,  ranging  from  one-half  mile  wide  and 
one  mile  long,  to  3  or  4  miles  wide  to  10  or  12  miles 
long.  All  are  stocked  with  fish,  and  on  several  of 
them  are  various  pleasure  boats,  including  yachts 
and  steamers,  and  on  the  shores  of  several  are  club 
houses  and  summer  hotels.  At  Dtlavan,  in  this 
county,  is  located  the  State  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asy- 
lum, which  is  built  on  lands  donated  in  1857  by 
that  well  known  philanthropist,  P.  K.  Phoenix,  of 
Bloomington,  111.  This  asylum  has  a  school  con- 
nected with  it,  in  which  347  children  have  been 
taught. 

Clinton  Junction,  78  miles  from  Chicago.  We 
here  cross  the  WESTERN  UNION  RAILROAD,  which 
it  will  be  remembered  other  branches  of  the  C.  & 
N.-W.  Ry.  have  been  shown  to  cross  at  Freeport 
and  at  Fulton.  At  this  point  we  get  connections 
for  Darien,  Detavan,  Elkhorn,  Springfield,  and 
Burlington  eastwardly,  and  for  Rockton,  Durand, 
Davis,  etc.,  westwardly.  The  village  is  in  Rock 
county,  has  1,500  inhabitants,  good  schools,  flour 
mills,  three  churches,  the  largest  carriage  factory 
in  the  Stale,  (owned  by  F.  P.  Wallis  &  Co.),  and 
several  manufactories.  Its  hotels  are  The  Taylor 
House,  by  Lots  Taylor,  and  The  Snyder,  by  J.  Sny- 
der.  The  surrounding  country  is  mostly  prairie,  and 
furnishes  fine  chicken  shooting  in  the  fall. 

Shopiere,  82  miles  from  Chicago.  The  village, 
with  its  500  population,  is  on  Turtle  creek,  H  miles 
from  the  station.  It  has  one  flour  mill  and  two 
churches. 

Janesville,  91  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  the 
county  seat  of  Rock  county,  which  was  organized 
in  183!»,  and  now  has  over  30,000  population.  Few 
counties  in  any  State  can  show  as  beautiful  and  as 
diversified  scenery,  or  as  highly  cultivated  farms,  as 
Rock  county.  Its  earlier  settlers,  who  were  mostly 
from  the  State  of  Maine,  brought  with  them  the 
habits  and  industry  of  that  far  eastern  State,  and 
the  county  is  to-day  enjoying  the  fruits  of  those  in- 
dustrious, intelligent  pioneers.  Janesville  is  noted 
for  the  beauty  of  its  location,  for  its  wide,  clean 
streets,  for  its  many  thriving  manufactories,  for  its 
fine  business  houses  and  residences,  and  for  the 
thrift  and  "  drive  "  of  its  enterprising  people.  It 
is  often  called  the  Chicago  of  Wisconsin.  It  Is 
built  on  high  ground,  on  both  sides  of  Rock  river, 
which  furnishes  the  power  for  its  many  factories. 
Around  the  city  are  many  groves  of  fine  timber, 
and  in  its  streets  are  many  shade  trees.  These  two 
facts  have  given  it  the  name  of  "  The  Bower  City." 
Its  court  house,  built  in  1871,  is  the  finest  in  the 
State,  and  is  built  of  cut  stone  and  cream-colored 
brick.  It  cost  $100,000.  It  has  six  fine  school 
houses,  costing  from  $10,000 up;  its  high  school  cost 
$50,000.  It  has  12  churches,  that  cost,  each,  from 
$40  000  to  $50.000.  The  Wisconsin  Institute  for  the 
Blind  is  located  here.  It  has  several  banks  and 
several  live  newspapers.  Of  its  manufactories, 
the  Harris  Manufacturing  Company,  with  a  Capital 
of  $152,000,  and  $33,000  surplus,  employs  200  men 
in  buildings  that  cover  two  (city)  blocks  of  ground  ; 
one  furniture  factory  employs  40  men.  and  another 
20  mt-n.  The  McLean  Manufacturing  Co.  make 
a  specialty  of  ladies'  water-proof  cloth  and  shawls. 
The  Doty  Manufacturing  Co.  employs  $150,000 
capital,  and  besides  manufacturing  agricultural  im- 
plements, it  makes  punching  and  shearing  machines, 


washing  machines,  step  ladders,  warehouse  trucks, 
etc.  A  cotton  mill,  with  200  looms,  and  employing 
180  hands,  is  in  constant  operation ;  one  shoe  factory, 
employs  50  men  ;  a  boot  factory,  80  men  ;  a  cotton 
batting  factory,  20  ;  a  pickle  factory,  20  ;  and  a 
planing  mil.,  20  hands.  The  population  of  the  city 
is  over  12,000,  it  having  increased  over  1,000  in  the 
year  1875.  Johnston,  Johnston  Centre  and  Em- 
erald Qrove,  are  villages  tributary  to  Janesville, 
and  off  the  line  of  any  rail-\\  ay.  At  this  point  we 
cross  a  branch  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  R'y, 
of  which  we  shall  have  more  to  speak  when  we 
reach  HANOVER,  on  our  St.  Paul  line. 

Milton  Junction,  99  miles  from  Chicago.  We 
here  cross  the  Prairie  du  Chien  line,  which  gives 
you  rail  connections  with  Whitewater,  Palmyra, 
Eagle,  Waukesha,  and  Brookjleld  eastward,  and 
Edgerton  and  F'wghton,  etc.,  westward.  Going  to 
either  of  these  points,  you  shcnid  buy  your  tickets  to 
Milton  Junction.  The  vilU:^- .;  is  the  seat  of  Milton 
College,  one  mile  from  the  station,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  thriving  educational  institutions  of  the 
State.  Tho  village  has  400  inhabitants,  is  5  mile* 
from  Lake  Koshkonong  ("  The  lake  we  live  in  "), 
which  is  noted  for  its  fine  fishing.  Along  its  shores 
are  many  Indian  mounds.  The  Morgan  House 
Is  at  the  depot.  Who  has  not  heard  of  this  cele- 
brated hotel  and  its  mor>  celebrated  landlord? 

Koshkonong,  104  miles  from  Chicago.  The 
lake  of  the  same  name  is  one  mile  distant,  a,  <1  is 
6  miles  wide  and  9  miles  long.  Its  fish  are  black 
bass,  pickerel,  pike,  yellow  and  silver  perch,  etc. 
Geese,  ducks,  brant  and  swans  are  unusually  plenti- 
ful in  its  waters.  Of  ducks,  we  have  canvas  backs, 
red  heads,  mallards,  wora,  black  heads  and  spike 
tails.  Wild  celery  grows  here  in  great  abundance, 
and  for  canvas-back  ducks  this  lake  vies  with  the 
Delaware  and  Potomac  rivers,  and  with  Chesapeake 
bay.  On  the  banks  of  the  lake.  Koshkonong 
House  is  built,  and  will  accommodate  100  guests; 
The  Bingham  30,  and  Koshkonong  Club  House 
70.  Another  hotel,  that  will  accommodate 
200,  is  being  erected.  Tobacco  is  a  staple  crop  in 
this  part  of  Rock  county. 

Fort  Atkinson,  111  miles  from  Chicago.  The 
city  was  named  after  General  Atkinson,  who,  dur- 
ing the  Black  Hawk  war,  built  a  fort  and  stockade 
here.  It  is  in  Jefferson  county,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1836  and  has  over  35,000  inhabitants.  Fort 
Atkinson  has  3,000  inhabitants,  and  is  built  on  both 
sides  of  Rock  river.  Rock  Lake,  Lake  Mills,  Rip- 
ley,  Cambridge  and  Rose  lakes  are  near,  and  are  all 
noted  for  their  excellent  shooting  grounds,  canvas 
back  ducks  being  abundant  in  all  of  them.  Con- 
siderable manufacturing  is  done  in  the  city.  The 
North -Western  Furniture  Company  uses  $150,000 
capital,  and  employs  200  hands;  a  wagon  factory  em- 
ploys 40  men ;  a  foundry,  30  men ;  the  flexible  harrow 
factory,  40  men ;  and  a  cheese  factory,  20  men. 
The  city  has  four  schools  and  employs  ten  teachers. 
Five  churches  supply  room  for  its  worshipers. 
The  Grand  Mountain  House,  by  J.  H.  Davie, 
gives  homes  for  50  guests,  at  $2.00  per  day.  There 
are  several  mineral  springs  near  the  city,  two  of 
which  are  especially  celebrated  for  the  cures  per- 
formed by  their  waters.  Whitewater,  9  miles,  and 
Cambridge,  12  miles  distant,  are  reached  by  daily 
stage,  the  first  for  50  cents,  and  the  last  for  75 


56 


THK  NOKTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


cents.  Hebron  is  9  miles  off,  and  is  reached  three 
times  weekly  by  stage  for  50  cents. 

Jefferson,  HTmiles  from  Chicago,  the  county  seat 
of  Jefferson  Co.  ,i  s  located  in  the  centre  of  the  county, 
and  at  the  confluence  of  Rock  and  Crawfish  rivers. 
with  ample  water  power  on  the  first  named  stream. 
The  city  has  3,000  inhabitants,  two  fine  graded 
schools,  fine  county  buildings,  Bracing's  Hall,  fitted 
up  as  a  theatre,  and  capable  of  seating  600  persons  ; 
three  banks,  one  newspaper,  an  excellent  fire  depart- 
ment, numbers  of  churches,  one  flour  mill,  one  rope 
walk,  a  pork-packing  establishment,  six  hotels,  with*, 
another  nearly  completed,  .a  fine  city  hall,  and 
many  first-class  business  blocks,  built  of  cream- 
colored  (Milwaukee)  brick.  It  has  several  flourish- 
ing manufactories,  amongst  which  we  note  The 
Wisconsin  Manufacturing  Company,  furniture, 
using  $80,000  capital,  and  employing  80  hands;  the 
Jefferson  Woolen  Mill  Co.,  employing  30  hands, 
.and  making  6,000  yards  of  cloth,  besides  selling 
75,000  Ibs.  wool  monthly  ;  and  Copeland,  Ryder  & 
Co.'s  boot  and  shoe  factory.  Commencing  in  1868 
with  $6,COO  capital,  they  now  use  $2U,OUO  capital,  and 
employ  35  men;  they  sell  annually  $50,000  worth  of 
boots  and  shoes,  and  proudly  boast  that  they  have 
never  been  obliged  to  stop  work  for  want  of  a  mar- 
ket or  from  ''hard  times"  since  the  day  they 
started.  About  $250,0-0  capital  and  over  300  men 
are  employed  in  tb-:  various  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments of  this  ity.  The  Jefferson  Liberal  In- 
stitute, a  high  grade,  non-sectarian  educational 
establishment,  is  located  here,  as  is  a  large  Roman 
Catholic  school,  both  of  which  are  in  a  flourishing 
condition,  and  are  largely  patronized  by  the  citi- 
zen* of  the  vicinity  and  of  the  surrounding  county. 

Johnson's  Creek,  122 miles  from  Chicago,  has 
a  population  of  250,  and  is  1  mile  from  Rock  river. 
It  has  a  good  school,  two  churches  and  one  hotel. 
At  Aztalan,  4  miles  west,  are  many  curious  Indian 
mounds  and  ancient  fortifications— one,  1700  by  900 
feet,  quite  closely  resembling  a  prone  man. 

Watertown,  130  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  thriv- 
ing city  of  some  10,000  people,  and  is  built  on  Rock 
river,  whoce  waters  are  utilized  by  three  dams 
across  the  stream.  Over  one  hundred  houses  were 
built  in  the  city  in  1875,  showing  its  rapid  growth. 
It  has  many  manufactories.  It  is  the  seat  of  two 
colleges— the  German  Lutheran  Church  controlling 
one,  the  other,  "The  College  of  the  Lady  of  the 
Sacred  Heart,"  being  a  branch  of  the  University 
(Roman  Catholic)  of  Notre  Dame,  Indiana.  Two 
large  public  halls.  "Turners"  and  "The  Music," 
will  seat  1,500  people.  Twenty  churches  and  three 
graded  schools  provide  for  the  worship  and  tuition 
of  citizens  and  children.  Five  large  hotels  accom- 
modate the  transient  guests  with  first-class  fare  at 
reasonable  rates.  Five  flour  mills  here  make  1,000 
barrels  of  flour  daily,  and  furnish  a  market  for  much 
of  the  wheat  that  is  so  successfully  grown  in  the 
surrounding  county.  Lake  Mills,  10  miles  south, 
and  Oconomowoc,  12  miles  east,  are  summer  resorts, 
and  are  reached  from  this  station  over  finely- 
graded  roads. 

A  branch  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  road  is 
crossed  here,  and  gives  rail  connections  eastward 
for  Oconomoivoc,  13  miles,  and  Pewaukee,  25  miles, 
and  westward  for  Waterloo,  Marshall,  Sun  Prairie, 
Lowell,  Columbus,  etc. 


Clyman,  138  miles  from  Chicago.    Has  a  popu- 
j    lation  of  1,400  ;  is  in  Do'tge  county,  and  is  a  grow- 
|    ing  town,  surrounded  by  s.  fertile  and  thickly  set- 
tled county.    Hustijord,  8  miles  distant,  is  tribu- 
tary. 

Juneau,  145  miles  from  Chicago.  The  county 
seat  of  Juneau  county,  which  was  named  after 
Solomon  Juneau,  an  early  settler  of  Dodge  county, 
and  has  48.000  population.  The  village  has  500 
inhabitants,  is  built  on  elevated  ground  three 
miles  west  of  Rock  river;  has  one  grain  elevator, 
a  cheese  factory,  a  fine  public  school,  four 
churches,  a  county  court  house  and  two  hotels. 
Fox,  Bear,  Lost  and  Mud  lakes  are  contiguous  to 
the  village.  The  Wisconsin  State  Prison  is  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  county,  at  Waupun.  Marys- 
mile^  12  miles  northeast,  Hustiford,8  miles,  Neosho, 
11  miles,  Danville,  14  miles,  and  Hichwood,  are 
tributary  towns  off  the  lines  of  railroad.  Large 
bodies  of  iron  ore  are  mined  and  smelted  at 
Iron,  Mountain,  10  miles  northeast.  The  Wis- 
consin and  The  Northwestern  Iron  Companies 
work  the  vein,  and  the  last  named  smelt  12  to  14 
tons  of  iron  daily.  Winter's  mineral  paint  ia 
also  made  here. 

Minnesota  Junction,  148  miles  from  Chicago 
This  small  village,  200  people,  is  an  important  rail- 
way junction,  and  gives  us  rail  connections  for 
Beater  Dam,  Fox  Lake,  Portage  City,  Waupun, 
Brandon,  Berlin,  Omro,  and  Winneconne  ;  pas- 
sengers destined  for  these  points  should  buy  their 
tickets  to  Minnesota  Junction,  or  to  Burnett  Junc- 
tion (which  see).  At  the  depot  at  Minnesota  Junc- 
tion is  found  a  good  hotel,  kept  by  Thomas  Young, 
who  accommodates  guests  at  very  reasonable  rates, 
and  furnishes  excellent  meals. 

Burnett  Junction,  152  miles  from  Chicago. 
This  village  of  200  people,  is  another  important 
railway  crossing  point,  and  furnishes  rail  connec- 
tions to  a  large  country  northward.  It  has  two 
good  hotels,  an  odd-fellows'  hall  and  a  good  tem- 
plars' hall.  Fine  shooiiug  grounds  are  close  to  the 
village.  Ducks,  geese,  swans  and  brant  are  found 
in  countless  numbers. 

Chester,  160  miles  from  Chicago.  A  village 
with  1^0  inhabitants.  It  has  one  hotel,  with  a 
mineral  spring  in  connection,  good  school,  and 
much  excellent  shooting  on  the  lloricon  marshes, 
which  are  close  by.  Kekaska,  Maysville,  Byron 
and  Waupun  (the  latter  with  a  population  of  3,000, 
and  reached  by  daily  stage, )  are  tributary,  and  seek 
the  C.  &  N.  W.  R'y  here. 

Oak  Centre,  165  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  vil- 
lage of  200  souls,  in-the  midst  of  a  fine  farming 
country. 

Oakfield,  168  miles  from  Chicago,  has  400 
inhabitants,  one  hotel,  one  school,  two  churches, 
three  flour  mills,  and  only  one  saloon— its  people, 
being  strictly  temperate,  discourage  the  use  of 
spirituous  liquors  or  their  sale  Darling's  Gap,  a 
popular  local  summer  resort,  is  H  miles  from  the 
station.  Mayville,  14  miles  southeast,  is  reached 
weekly  (Wednesdays)  by  stage. 

Fond  du  t,ac,  176  miles  from  Chicago  via  this 
route,  but  only  148  miles  from  Chicago  by  our  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  Fond  du  Lac  Air  Line  route,  of 
which  we  shall  speak  hereafter.  This  city,  with  a 
population  of  18,000  souls,  is  located  at  the  south- 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


•ern  end  of  Lake  Wiunebago.  The  growth  and  pros- 
perity of  the  city  is  'argely  dependent  on  its  manu- 
factures, of  which  it  contains  many  of  considerable 
importance.  The  city  is  built  upon  a  prairie  on  the 
banks  of  the  Upper  Fox  river,  and  within  one  mile 
of  the  lake.  The  river  is  deep,  and  navigable  up  to 
its  forks,  but  to  meet  the  necessities  of  manufac- 
turers it  has  been  bridged  at  various  points,  and 
navigation  confined  to  the  north  channel.  The 
scenery  that  surrounds  the  city  is  worthy  of  men- 
tion,- a  ledge  of  limestone  rock,  elevated  some  200 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  prairie,  ai.d  in  many  cases 
presenting  perpendicular  precipices  75  to  100  feet 
high,  borders  the  eastern  and  southern  margins  of 
the  prairie  on  which  the  city  is  built;  from  the  base 
of  this  ledge  hundreds  of  springs  of  cool,  rippling 
water  gush  out,  and  meander  over  the  gent  e  slopes 
of  the  prairie  in  narrow  channels 
to  the  lake.  Westward  from  the 
city  the  ground  gradually  rises, 
alternating  with  prairie  and  tim- 
ber for  some  25  miles.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  fertile  and 
thickly  settled.  The  health  of 
tlie  city  is  and  always  has  been 
good,  probably  in  a  great  meas- 
,nre  consequent  upon  the  water 
supply,  there  being  within  the 
•city  limits  over 300  artesian  wells 
out  of  which  the  purest  water 
constantly  flows  from  the  depth 
of  GO  to  400  feet.  Amongst  its 
manufactures  may  be  mentioned 
that  of  the  celebrated  La  Belle 
Wagon,  which  employs  150  men; 
the  sash,  door  and  blind  factory 
•of  C.  .1.  L.  Meyer,  (which  is  the 
largest  In  the  United  States,)  in 
which  are  used  over  14,000.000 
feet  of  lumber,  and  from  which 
are  shipped  products  exceedinc 
$1,000,000  annually;  a  large 
steam  bakery,  a  paper  mill,  an 
agricultural  implement  manu- 
factory, employing  150  men,  and 
•several  minor  manufactories. 
Its  public  schools  occupy  16 
buildings,  which  cost  $120.000 
and  are  capable  of  seating  3,000 
scholar,  its  high  school  build- 


views,  and  the  most  gorgeous  scenery.  Beside*, 
Fond  du  Lac  is  surrounded  with  pleasant  places  of 
resort.  Lake  de  Neveu,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
is  romantically  situated  about  three  miles  south- 
east of  the  city.  Eastward  is  Elkhart  Lake,  already 
famous  for  its  natural  beauties,  and  west  waid  lies 
Green  Lake,  a  noted  summer  resort.  On  all  these 
lakes  are  pleasure  boats  propelled  by  steam,  wind 
and  man  power.  The  waters  of  all  these  lakes  fur 
nish  a  plentiful  and  various  supply  of  fresh-water 
fish,  where  piscatorially-inclined  ladies  and  gentle- 
men can  enjoy  ample  amusement  in  that  line. 

Fond  du  Lac  county  is  situated  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  State,  23  miles  west  of  Lake  Michigan. 
Its  central  line  of  latitude  is  43°  45'  north.  It  con- 
tains twenty-one  organized  town--,  the  two  cities  of 
Fond  du  Lac  and  Ripon,  and  sixteen  flourishing 


'The  Point,"  at  Duluth,  Minn.— pp.  76,  91. 


ing  cost,  in  1873,  $45,000.  It  has  20  church  edifices, 
many  of  which  cost  from  $10,000  to  $30,COO  each. 
Its  post  office  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  substan 
tial  buildings  of  the  kind  in  the  Union.  In  its  ma- 
.sonic  hall,  four  lodges,  chapters  and  commanderies 
hold  their  meetings;  and  its  odd  fellows  have  a  com- 
modious hall,  in  which  two  lodges  and  an  encamp- 
ment conduct  their  work.  The  Patty  House— its 
best  hotel— cost  upwards  of  $00,000,  is  four  stories 
high,  and  can  accommodate  250  guests.  The  Ameri- 
can House  cost  $30,000,  is  first  clai-s  in  every  respect, 
and  can  accommodate  100  guests. 

Several  yacht  clubs  navigate  Lake  Winnebago  in 
<;legant  rakish  craft,  for  prizes  in  tportive  contests, 
steamboats,  with  pleasure  parties,  often  make  ex- 
cursions around  the  lake,  which  is  35  miles  long 
by  12  broad-  the  largest  lake  within  any  State  of  the 
Union— whose  borders  furnish  beautiful  landscape 


villages,  and  embraces  a  territorial  area  of  about 
720  square  miles.  Its  population  in  1875  was  50,241. 
This  county  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile 
tracts  of  land  to  be  found  in  the  West.  Its  eastern 
part  is  rolling  land,  origirally  heavily  timbered:  the 
central  and  western  portions  undulating  and  rolling 
prairie  and  openings,  the  face  of  which  is  most 
beautifully  picturesque.  It  is  well  watered,  abound 
iug  in  numerous  streams  and  springs,  and,  in  many 
localities,  flowing  fountains.  Lake  Horicon  indents 
its  southern  border,  and  Lake  Winnebago  its 
northern.  The  county  presents  one  continuous 
expanse  of  well-cultivated  farms,  with  commodious 
and  tasty  farm  bouses,  many  of  them  very  ele- 
gant buildings  ;  spacious  barns  and  good  fences, 
which  give  every  evidence  of  the  wealth,  thrift  and 
prosperity  of  the  inhabitants.  It  forms  a  beautiful 
scene,  with  its  handsome  buildings  and  their  rural 


58 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATEP. 


surroundings  of  grove  and  plain,  and  cultivated 
slopes  and  winding  streams,  blending  into  one  pic- 
ture, and  stretching  away  as  far  as  the  eye  can  see. 
At  Fond  du  Lac  we  cross  the  SHEBOTOAN  &  FOND 
DU  LAC  RAILROAD,  that  runs  from  Sheboygan,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  westwardly  78  miles  to  Princeton. 
This  crossing  being  nearly  at  the  middle  of  the 
line,  will  allow  us  to  say  a  few  words  about  the 
western  end  of  the  road,  and  to  leave  the  eastern 
end  until  we  reach  it  from  Milwaukee.  Then,  going' 
west  from  Fond  du  Lac,  we  change  cars  at  a  joint 
depot  station,  known  as  Fond  du  Lac  Junction,  and 
4  miles  out  reach  Lamartine,  with  1,600  people; 
Eldorado.  9  miles,  with  2,000  people  ,  Posendals 


Green  Lake  is  the  next  station,  and  is  6  miles 
west  of  Ripon,  and  one  mile  from  the  post  office — 
Dartford— which  is  half  a  mile  from  the  ever-beau- 
tiful and  ever-attractive  GREEN  LAKE,  so  well 
known  as  a  summer  idling  place.  The  natural  scen- 
ery around  Dartford  is  unrivaled  in  variety  and 
beauty.  Groves  of  primeval  grardeur,  far  stretch- 
ing prairies  and  extensive  lake  views  greet  the  eye 
from  every  point.  The  grounds  around  the  lake 
have  been  terraced,  furnished  with  swings,  prome- 
nades, and  otherwise  ornamented,  to  render  them 
pleasant  and  attractive.  The  lake  averages  a  length 
of  15  miles,  and  a  width  of  3  miles.  Its  banks  vary 
from  beautiful  grassy  elopes  to  high  rocky  cliffs, 


The  Northwestern  Hotel,  Marquette,  Mich.,  on  C.  &  N.-W.Ry.— page  72. 


and  West  Rosendal <•,  pretty  little  stations,  and,  20 
miles  from  Fond  du  Lac,  reach  RIPOX,  a  beautiful 
little  city  of  3,500  inhabitants,  with  a  history  run- 
ning back  to  1844,  when  Warren  Chase  and  his 
brother  Fourierites.  under  the  name  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin Phalanx,  settled  close  by,  and  called  their  village 
Ceresco.  In  1850  they  disbanded,  and  the  Ripon  of 
to-day  began  its  existence.  The  city  is  in  Fond  du 
Lac  county,  which  was  organized  ia  1839,  and  now 
contains  over  50,000  inhabitants.  Most  of  the  land 
is  settled,  and  in  a  highly  cultivated  and  productive 
condition.  Besides  two  fine  ward  schools,  with  ten 
teachers,  Ripon  College,  with  fourteen  professors, 
has  its  home  here,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 
Eight  churches,  five  temperance  organizatio  s,  a 
masonic  lodge,  two  odd  fellows'  lodges,  and  a  lodge 
of  Knights  of  Pythias,  furnish  religious,  moral  and 
benevolent  food  for  the  inhabitants.  Ripon  has  an 
efficient  fire  department,  a  flourishing  literary  and 
library  association,  several  newspapers,  banks, 
manufacturing  establishments  and  good  hotels.  It 
is  a  pleasant  resort  for  the  summer  guest,  and  he 
who  comes  once  wants  to  come  again. 


bordered  with  evergreens,  presenting  the  greatest 
diversity  of  physical  character,  and  affording'  un- 
'  limited  natural  advantages  for  pleasing  and  romantic 
rambles.  Its  waters  are  very  pure,  and  so  transpar- 
ent that  their  pebbly  bed  may  be  seen  at  a  depth  of 
from  20  to  35  feet.  A  great  variety  and  abundance 
of  the  finny  tribe  inhabit  this  beautiful  sheet  of 
water,  and  good  fishing-boats  and  tackle  for  lovers 
of  "sport,  and  excellent  sail-boats  for  seekers  of 
pleasure,  are  furnished  for  the  accommodation  of 
visitors.  The  principal  hote'.s  are  The  Oakwood 
and  The  Sherwood  Forest. 

THE  OAKWOOD  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  Green 
Lake.  The  location  of  this  much  sought  summer 
resort  and  delightful  watering  place  is  only  one 
mile  from  Green  Lake  station  and  depot.  Omnibus 
and  carriages  await  the  arrival  of  all  trains. 

The  Oakwood  House  was  opened  June  15th,  18f>7, 
and  is  furnished  in  the  Btyle  of  a  first-class  house. 
The  tables  are  unsurpassed  by  those  of  the  best 
hotels  in  the  United  States. 

Accommodations  for  all  innocent  and  pleasant 
amusements  have  been  amply  provided.  Great 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


59 


care  has  been  given  to  furnishing  pastimes  both 
for  the  pailor  and  lawn,  for  persons  of  all  ages, 
so  that  thu  most  indifferent  cannot  complain  of 
ennui. 

In  addition  to  former  attractions,  a  new  and 
bcautilul  steamboat  has  been  placed  on  Green  Lake. 
Parties  can  visit  any  of  the  attractive  places  on  its 
shores  on  short  notice,  with  pleasure  and  comfort. 

Ponies,  perfectly  at  home  under  the  saddle,  and 
in  harness,  expressly  for  ladies  and  children  ; 
horses,  carriages  and  light  buggies ;  beautiful  shady 
groves;  health,  comfort  and  happiness — and  all  at 
reasonable  rates. 

To  one  of  the  most  healthy  locations  upon  the 
continent,  shut  away  from  the  city  where  contagion 
spreads  its  blight  and  disease  spends  its  fury,  indi- 
viduals and  families  may  resort 
and  spend  a  summer  with  invig- 
orating and  pleasurable  results. 

One  journal  says:  "If  our  peo- 
ple had  known  of  there  being  a 
place  of  this  kind  with  such  a 
beautiful  lake,  such  fine  fibbing 
and  duck  shooting,  rowing  and 
sailing,  shady  groves,  walks  and 
drives,  you  would  have  been 
filled  up  from  our  city  alone." 

Another  says:  "  The  most  beau- 
tiful sheet  of  cold  spring  water 
in  the  world,  a  perpetual  cool 
breeze,  fine  fishing,  good  shoot- 
ing, shady  groves  and  f  n*e  from 
MOSQUITOES;  in  fact,  we  pro- 
nounce it  the  most  healthy  spot 
in  all  America." 

Another:  "This  is  a  most 
charming  spot,  »nd  w  „  who  have 
spent  the  summer  here  are  loth 
to  leave  it.  If  we  could  only  take 
this  beautiful  lake  with  us,  and 
have  it  where  the  eye  could  for- 
ever rest  upon  it,  how  charming 
it  wo-.ld  be.  The  Green  Lake 
fish  are  noted  for  being  particu- 
larly delicious,  and  the  fishers 
are  busy  filling  orders  for  St. 
Louis  and  other  cities;  and  it  is 
so  cool  here,  the  thermometer 
has  not  once  been  above  90  de- 
grees, and  the  air  is  bracing  and  pure." 

Another  calls  it  the  Lake  George  of  Wisconsin. 
"  A  modest  world  of  land  and  water  beauties— too 
little  cultivated  by  hunters  after  charming  scenery 
and  healthful  air.  It  is  a  fairy  land  of  wonderful 
fascinations;  and  the  weary  of  body  and  mind,  or 
the  despondent  and  languid  invalid,  and  no  less  the 
strong  and  healthful,  will  find  both  body  and  mind 
invigorated,  and  the  soul  elevated,  by  a  sojourn 
among  the  picturesque  beauties  of  that  lovely 
lake." 

Green  Lake,  always  locally  regarded  as  "  a  thing 
of  beauty  "  and  "  a  joy  forever,"  was  unknown  to 
tourists  till  eight  years  ago,  when  David  Greenway, 
I'sq..  making  a  horoscope  of  Its  dark  green  waters, 
»aw  multitudes  of  pleasure  seekers  on  its  beautiful 
i-liorec,  and  immediately  made  provision  for  the 
v.ingnard  of  his  fancied  host  by  erecting  The 
C.ikwood,  since  which  time,  year  by  year.  Green 


Lake  has  grown  famous,  till  now,  there  is  no  end 
of  the  pretty  things  said  of  it. 

SHERWOOD  FOREST,  J.  C.  Sherwood,  proprietor. 
This  charming  hotel,  which  was  opened  on  the  15th 
of  May,  1875,  is  embowered  in  and  environed  by  a 
hundred  acres  of  grand  old  oaks,  lying  with  gentle 
gradealong  the  north  shore  of  Green  Lake.  Itis  with- 
in two  miles  of  Green  Lake  station,  on  the  Sueboy- 
gan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad.  Omnibuses  and  car- 
riages are  always  awaiting  arrival  of  trains.  The 
hotel  is  a  large,  inviting  structure,  with  broad  veran- 
das, large,  airy  rooms  and  halls,  and  supplied  with 
all  the  appointments  of  first-class  summer  resort •«. 
It  was  commenced  in  the  spring  of  1874,  partially 
completed,  and  partially  openid  for  a  few  weeks  Isat 
This,  however,  i*  ite  first  bow  to  the  public. 


Cltche-Cumme,  near  Marquette,  Mich.— page  72. 

A  billiard  house  and  bowling  alleys,  together 
with  the  popular  lawn  games,  are  provided. 
•  The  whole  forest  is  woodland  lawn,  gently  slop- 
ing to  the  pebbly  shore,  and  while  the  proprietor 
has  opened  some  special  avenues,  nature  has  fur- 
nished uninterrupted  drives  and  promenades  every- 
where. The  scenery  partakes  of  the  beautiful, 
picturesque  and  almost  romantic,  rather  than  the 
grand  and  sublime.  Nature  here  speaks  in  dulcet 
whisperings,  where  one  might  almost  expect  to 
greet  nymphs  and  mermaids,  satyrs  and  fauns. 
Here  and  there  rustic  seats  and  swings,  pendant 
from  the  high,  fur-reaching  branches,  invite  rest. 
The  outlook  from  the  grounds,  as  well  as  the  piazza, 
is  truly  magnificent— a  perfect  kaleidoscope,  taking 
in  extensive  prairies,  woodlands  and  cultivated 
fields,  as  well  as  the  entire  lake,  with  its  indenta- 
tions and  exquisite  Settings  of  bluffs  and  ever- 
greens, grassy  slopes  and  pprpendicular  ledces. 


GO 


THE  KOUTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Of  this  place  a  writer  says:  "Sherwood's  Point, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  IB  widely  known.  It 
has  probably  been  the  scene  of  more  picnics  and 
celebrations  than  any  similar  area  in  the  Mi:e. 
Daring  the  season  of  open  air  pleasures,  there  is 
a  constant  succession  cf  carriages  from  Berlin, 
Ripon,  Fond  du  Lac,  and  adjoining  towns,  and  it 
ie  no  unustuil  thing  to  find  a  dozen  different  coteries 
distributed  about  the  grounds.  La'e  last  season, 
Mr.  J.  C.  Sherwood  opened  a  Urge  and  well- 
appointid  hotel,  as  a  nucleus  of  the  delightful  re- 
sort known  as  Sherwood  Forest.  The  view  from 
the  ver.ind'is  comprises  a  complete  circuit  of  the 
lake  and  broken  shores,  while  the  immediate  sur- 
roundings are  especially  pleasant.  The  drives  are 
tastefully  1  iid  out,  care  being  taken,  in  uprooting 
and  trimming,  not  to  detract  from  the  rustic  charm 
of  the  primitive  woods.  The  generous  patron- 
age received  by  the  Sherwood  Forest,  (in  its  then 
scarcely  prepared  state),  as  a  debutante,  is  an  assur- 
ance of  its  future.  It  requires  no  prophetic  keen- 
ness of  vision  to  see  that  Green  Lake,  with  its 
attractive  nooks,  pure  air  and  healthful  climate.  Is 
developing  into  a  resort  no  whit  less  recheiche 
than  that  other  popular  inland  watering  i  iace— 
Saratoga,  In  recognition  of  the  beauties,  some  of 
its  visitors  have  expressed  themselves  in  a  very 
substantial  manner,  by  erecting  pretty  villas  and  nice 
summercottages. "  The  various  otl-er  things  combin- 
ing to  make  the  complement  jf  such  a  resort  will  be 
found  at  the  Forest,  such  as  horses  and  carriages, 
boats  and  boatnvr..  Li.tns,  cold  and  hot;  also,  the 
kindly  herd  corain^  from  the  clover  fields,  to  yield 
their  sweet,  rict  milk  to  the  Forest  tables. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  lake  can  also  be  found 
The  Walker  House.  Whitmore  Brothers  will  this 
summer  finish  and  open  another  hotel,  that  will  ac- 
commodate 100  guests.  Collins  has  a  fine  farm 

house  oil  the  south  side  of  the  lake,  and  will  accom- 
modate summer  boarders  with  the  choicest  "farm 
house  "  board.  W.  M.  Lockwood  has  a  steamer  on 
the  lake  that  will  carry  100  persons. 

"•  Green  lake  is  three  miles  wide  end  fifteen  miles 
Ion?,  and  has  less  of  civ;l  zation  ami  more  of  weird 
natural  grandeur  than  any  of  the  Wisconsin  lakes 
I  have  yet  seen.  It  is  never  as  mirror-like  and 
tranquil  as  the  transparent  waters  of  Lake  Geneva, 
but  it  is  full  of  re.-onant  airs,  and  deep,  sobbing 
monotones,  and  has  inonious  sea-like  music.  Its 
borders  are  fringed  with  gr..ud  forcs-t  trees;  not  the 
transparent,  slender,  curled  darlings  of  art,  but  the 
stitely,  indigenous  growth  of  Indian  soil.  Huge 
boulders  of  rock  lie  in  rows  along  its  edge,  as  if,  at 
some  remote  time,  a  race  of  giant  children  had 
played  there,  and  set  them  out  in  even  rows.  The 
waters  are  lull  of  fish -perch  and  pickerel  and 
black  bass.  The  season  for  summer  visits  lasts  till 
November,  and  even  then  tourists  go  reluctantly 
away,  lingering  till  they  light  out-door  fires  to  keep 
warm  while  they  pay  their  devotions  to  Nature. 
The  woods,  in  October,  are  marvelously  beautiful, 
after  the  frost  has  touched  the  trees,  and  each  one 
Inngs  out  its  lovely,  gay-colored  banners  of  death. 
The  air  has  r.t  all  times  a  health-giving  inspiration, 
that  goes  down  deep  into  the  lungs,  and  diffuses 
new  life  into  the  tired,  languid  system,  and  you  g  • 
home  to  the  hotel  with  an  appetite  that  fills  the 
heart  of  the  caterer  with  delight.  •' 


This  is  a  favorite  resort  of  the  St.  Louisians;  so 
much  so,  that  several  wealthy  citizens  of  that  city 
have  cTrcti-d  permanent  homes  oil  the.  i-hores  of  the 
lake,  and  now  spend  the  summer  mouths  here. 

The  Only  Route  to  Green  Lake. 

The  onlyrou'e  by  which  you  should  attempt  t" 
reach  Green  Lake  is  via  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway.  Take  the  train  from  the  co  ner 
of  West  Kinzie  and  Canal straets,  via  the  Wisconsin 
Division,  and  go  to  Fond  du  Lac;  at  that  point  yon 
leave  this  road,  a  .d  take  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond 
du  Lac  Railroad  for  Green  Lake  Station.  Or,  yon 
can  leave  from  the  above-named  depot,  and  go  via 
the  Milwaukee  Division,  to  Milwaukee,  then  change 
cars,  and  take  the  train  that  runs  over  the  Milwau- 
kee &  Fond  du  Lac  Air  Line,  for  Fond  du  Lac  aijd 
Green  Like.  The  train  leaving  Milwaukeebv  this 
last-named  route  will  have  through  cars  for  Green 
Lake,  so  th>it.  by  either  route,  you  will  have  t<i 
make  but  one  change  of  cars.  All  the  trains  of 
the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad  connect 
buth  ways  at  Fond  du  Lac  with  all  the  trains  of  the 
Chicago  &  Noith- Western  Railway.  Green  Like 
is  26  miles  west  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and,  via  Milwaukee, 
is  174  miles  northwtst  of  Chicago,  or  89  miles  north- 
west, of  Milwaukee.  If  you  cannot  buy  your  tickets 
through  to  Green  Lake,  buy  to  Fond  du  Lac,  and 
your  fare  will  cost  you  no  more  than  if  you  bought 
through.  Green  Lake  is  (j  miles  west  of  Rip<m. 
which  is  also  a  station  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Foi  d 
du  Lac  Railroad.  You  should  not  be  deceived  ii.to 
buying  your  tickets  for  Green  L;ike  by  longer,  infe- 
rior, and  more  circuitous  routes  thai)  the  one  named 
above.  This  is  the  only  direct  route,  and  the  only 
one  tourists  should  take. 

"M.  L.  R.,"  in  a  letter  to  the  Chicago  Tribune, 
says: 

"  Here,  in  the  heart  of  Wisconsin,  secluded  from 
the  world  of  commerce  and  traffic,  lies  one  of 
nature's  most  favored  retreats.  You  hardly  are 
aware  of  its  existence,  before  you  see  the  pale- 
green  verdure  of  its  hills,  the  deep,  cool,  delicious 
emerald  of  its  forests  primeval,  and  the  rose-opal 
tint  of  its  crystal  waters.  Of  course  y<  u  do  not 
drop  upon  it  from  the  skies,  at  lea.-t  I  did  not,  but 
arrived  in  the  ordinary  way,  by  the  mechanical 
apparatus  of  the  r.ilroad.  I  started,  fair  and 
square,  from  the  North- Western  depot,  in  Chicago, 
and  went  by  the  way  of  Watertown  and  Janesvillc, 
to  Fond  du  Lac.  There  I  changed  cars,  taking  the 
Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  line  to  Green  Lake. 
You  can  take  your  choice  of  leaving  Chicago  on  the 
9.30  A.M.  train  by  Janesville  and  Fond  du  Lac,  arriv- 
ing here  about  8.00  r.  M.,  or  go  on  the  10.00  train  to 
Milwaukee,  and  have  two  hours  to  rett  and  refret-h, 
making  the  same  time  here. 

"Having  reached  thi  depot  at  Green  Lake,  we 
alighted,  tired  and  hungry.  A.  long-bodied,  thin 
legged,  black  coach  waited  to  carry  us  to  the  hotel. 
Into  it  we  filed,  and  rode  up  hilt  and  down,  stopping 
only  long  enough  to  shy  «  lea  hern  mail  bag  at  an 
individual  supposed  to  represent  the  po-tmaster, 
who  stood  in  front  of  an  unofficial-looking  building, 
labeled  Post  Office.  This  was  in  the  town  of  Dart 
ford,  the  county  seat,  and  quite  a  pretty  village. 
We  passed  through  it,  and  rode  on  through  a  line 
of  dark  woods,  by  a  pleasant  country  rond,  till  a 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


61 


mile  of  distance  was  between  us  and  the  depot, 
when  the  omnibus  drew  up  with  a  flourish  at  the 
Oakwood  House. 

"  It  was  not  till  I  had  breakfasted  next  morning, 
and  stood,  hat  in  hand,  on  the  piazza  of  the  Oak- 
wood,  that  I  realized  what  a  lovely  dimple  in  the 
bosom  of  Nature  I  had  fallen  into.  On  every  hand 
rose  grassy  slopes  or  cliff*,  of  unmistakable  grand- 
eur Wooded  acres  made  a  dark,  rich  background, 
against  which  were  placed  the  beautiful  villas  of 
art  ami  civilization;  while  far,  far  in  the  clNta'ce 


City  of  Marquette,  Mich.— page   73. 

Reached  only  via  C    4  \.-\V.  Ry. 


Leaving  this  charming  locality,  we  push  west- 
ward and  pass  St.  Marie,  a  pri  tty  village  of  800 
people,  and  35  miles  west  of  Fond  du  Lac,  arrive  at 
the  end  of  the  road,  and  nt  Piinceton,  a  smart, 
busy,  bustling  city  of  2,000  people.  Having  made 
this  never-to-be-forgotten  trip,  with  its  more  than 
pleasant  sojourn  at  Green  Lake,  we  can  again  seek 
Fond  clu  Lac  and  hie  us  northward  to 

VanUyne,  183  miles  from  Chicago,  a  village  of 
100  Fouls,  2  miles  from  Lake  Winnebago,  having 
or  >  sc'  ool  and  one  church. 

OshUosh,  194  miles  from 
Chicago.  Population,  17,000. 
In  1073,  Marquette  started 
from  Green  Bay,  and  passing 
up  the  Lower  Fox,  came  upon 
the  lovely  inland  sea  of  Lake 
Winnebago,  and  was  enrap- 
turod  with  the  beautiful 
\ision  of  nature  that  here 
spread  before  him,  comming- 
ling woodland,  opening  and 
lake,  glimmering  like  a  gem 
in  its  emerald  setting,  and 
stretching  away  in  the  dim 
distance  among  the  hazy 
points  and  headlands. 

The  present  eke  of  Osh- 
kosh  was  the  favorite  stop- 
ping place  of  the  early  ex- 
plorers, who  were  attracted 
by  the  great  beauty  and 
commercial  advantages  of  the 
situation,  and  the  delightful 
and  fertile  country  adjoining, 
now  known  as  Winnebago 
county. 

The  first  settlers  came  as 
traders,  and  fixed  a  trading 
post  there  in  1818,  near  the 
head  of  Lake  Buttes  des 
Morts,  where  the  Indian  trail 
between  Forts  Winnebago 
and  Howard  crossed  Wolf 
river.  This  was  immediately 
before  the  Indians  were  forced 
to  leave  their  ancient  hunting 
grounds— a  distinct  period — 
a  line  between  barbarism  and 
civilization  ;  an  era  of  that 


gleamed,  with  the  opaline  light,  the  waters  of  Green 
Lake,  that  iiestled  at  our  feet.  At  every  glance 
some  new  feature  of  beauty  was  added;  a  white- 
winged  ship;  a  tent,  white  and  fair,  amid  the  green 
foliage  of  the  banks;  the  blue,  curling  smoke  of 
an  Indian  encampment,  just  across  the  narrowest 
turn  of  the  lake;  and,  directly  near,  the  handsome 
grounds  of  Oakwood  House,  ornamented  with 
swings  and  rustic  seat?,  and  summer  house?,  and 
croqnet  lawn?,  with  a  spice  of  evergreens  in  the  air, 
and  a  buoyancy  of  atmosphere  that  made  one  glad 
of  life,  and  health,  and  Heaven." 

If  thon  art  worn  and  hard  beeet 

With  sorrows  that  thou  would'st  forget; 

If  thou  would'st  read  a  lesson  that  will  keep 

Thy  heart  from  fainting,  and  thy  soul  from 

ileep— 

Go  to  the  wood*  and  hills  !    No  tears 
Dim  the  sweet  look  that  Nature  wears. 


wild,  romantic  mingling  of  the  elements  of  barbaric 
and  civilized  life— the  French  and  the  Indian  ;  of 
daring  adventure  and  patient  endurance.  Here 
was  the  paradise  of  Indian  life,  his  choicest  hunting 
grounds,  its  waters  teeming  with  fish,  and  its  woods, 
pastures  and  rich  prairies  filled  with  game. 

Here  was  fought  one  of  the  most  bloody  battles 
that  ever  took  place,  between  the  French,  under 
the  command  of  De  Lovigny,  and  the  warlike 
nations  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxee.  Tho  Indians  were 
fortified  by  ditches  and  palisades,  which  the  French 
leader  carried  by  assault.  Hundreds  of  the  Indian* 
were  slain  in  the  contest,  and  were  buried  on  the 
spot.  The  Tumuli  or  Mounds,  indicating  their 
burial  place,  gave  to  the  spot  the  name  of  "  Buttes 
des  Morts"  (Hills  of  the  Dead),  and  which  also 
originated  the  name  of  Lake  Buttes  des  Morts,  on 
the  northwestern  boundaries  of  this  city. 


62 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Many  were  the  wild  scenes  of  frontier  life  that 
transpired  here  during  the  early  occupancy  of  the 
French  traders  ;  incidents  that  would  make  a  vol- 
ume in  themselves,  and  which  are  interwoven  in- 
separably with  its  history. 

During  the  year  1836,  a  treaty  was  made  at  Cedar 
Rapids  with  the  Menomonee  Indians,  by  Governor 
Dodge,  acting  as  commissioner,  which  resulted  in 
the  cession  to  the  United  States  of  over  4,000,000 
acres  of  land,  lying  north  of  Fox  river  and  west  of 
Lake  Winnebago. 

The  city  was  incorporated  in  1853.  At  this  time 
the  population  was  about  2,500. 

The  great  event  for  Oshkosh  was  the  extension 
of  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Eailway  to  this 
place,  giving  it  connection  by  rail  with  the  outside 


Beaumont  House,  Green  Bay— page  66. 

world.  The  first  train  arrived  on  the  13th  of 
October,  1859. 

The  city  of  Oshkosh  is  situated  on  one  of  the  finest 
commercial  sites  in  the  Northwest,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Upper  Fox  river,  on  the  western  shore  of  Lake 
Winnebago.  It  is  a  situation  of  great  natural 
beauty,  overlooking  the  picturesque  lake  and  river 
scenery  of  the  vicinity.  Lake  Winnebago  and  the 
Fox  and  Wisconsin  rivers  formed  the  great  com- 
mercial highway  of  the  Northwest  before  the  age 
of  railroads,  and  many  a  glowing  description  was 
then  written  of  the  beautiful  lake  and  river  country 
now  called  Winnebago  county— of  its  lovely  prai- 
ries, openings  and  woodlands,  its  magnificent  lakes 
and  broad  rivers,  its  fertile  soil  and  salubrious  cli- 
mate. The  site  of  Oshkosh  is  a  tract  with  an  ele^ 
vation  from  12  to  20  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
lake.  The  city  extends  for  a  distance  of  nearly 
three  miles  from  the  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago  up 
the  Fox  river  to  Lake  Buttes  des  Morts,  occupying 
the  tract  between  the'two  lakes,  and  covering  a  ter- 
ritorial area  of  nearly  eight  square  miles. 

Among  the  popular  amusements  are  steamboat 
pleasure  excursions  to  the  various  points  on  the 
lake,  yachting  and  regattas,  and  drives  through  the 
beautiful  surrounding  country. 

SURROUNDING  COUNTRY.— The  adjacent  country, 
and  that  stretching  away  from  here  to  the  south- 


west for  hundreds  of  miles,  is  the  richest  agricul- 
tural district  to  be  found  in  the  habitable  world. 
Its  surface  is  undulating  prairie  and  openings,  with 
its  rivers  and  lakes  skirted  with  timber.  The 
scenery  of  this  combined  woodland,  prairie,  lakes 
and  rivers  is  surpassingly  beautiful;  disclosing 
picturesque  rivers  which  stretch  away  in  the  far  dis- 
tance like  the  varying  pictures  of  a  lovely  pano- 
rama. The  rivers  and  lakes  abound  in  fish  and 
water  fowl,  and  the  woodlands  in  game.  The  facil- 
ities for  rural  and  aquatic  sports  have  already 
made  the  locality  famous  for  these  enjoyments. 

OSHKOSH  AS  A  SUMMER  RESORT  AND  WATERING 
PLACE.  —This  city  possesses  a  rare  combination  of 
natural  features  for  a  delightful  summer  resort  and 
watering  place.  The  climate  is  not  surpassed  in 
healthfulness;  the  air  is  pure  and  dry; 
and  the  invigorating  breezes  from  the 
lake  temper  the  heats  of  summer;  the 
___  scenery  is  lovely  ;  the  lake  a  most  mag- 
nificent sheet  of  water  with  beautiful 
2;1W  =  :  shores,  and  good  harbors  that  are  acces- 
sible in  .every  direction,  thus  affording 
~  the  best  of  yachting  facilities.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  beautiful,  with 
excellent  roads,  affording  delightful 
drives  and  picturesque  views  of  lake 
and  river  scenery.  Wild  game  is  abun- 
dant in  the  vicinity,  and  is  composed  of 
blue  and  green-winged  teal,  mallard  and 
wood  duck,  snipe,  woodcock,  quail  and 
prairie  chickens.  The  waters  abound  in 
black  and  white  bass  and  other  fish,  and 
brook  trout  are  plentiful  in  streams 
within  a  day's  travel. 

The  city  has  suffered  fearfully  from 
fires,  but,  like  the  fabled  Phoenix,  it  has 
arisen  from  its  ashes  stronger  and  bet- 
ter after  each  calamity.    As  a  lumber- 
making  point  it  is  surpassed  by  few  in 
any  land.    The  State  Normal  School  and  the  North- 
ern Wisconsin  Insane  Hospital  are  located  here.    It 
has  a  fine  brick  court  house,  a  high  school  and  sev- 
eral ward  public  school  buildings,  a  fine  masonic 
hall,  a  large  number  of  churches,  and  many  manu- 
factories.   Of  its  hotels,  The  Beckwith,  The  Revere, 
The  Tremont,  The  International  and  The  Seymour 
rank  high.    Wolf  river  is  navigable  for  150  miles 
from  Oshkosh,  and  on  it  lines  of  steamers,  connect- 
ing daily  with  the  trains  of  the  C.  &  N.-W.  R'y, 
for  Buttes  des  Morts,  Winneconne,  Tuston,  Mor- 
ton's Landing,  Fremont,  Gill's  Landing,  Weyau- 
wega,  Soyalton,    Norlhport,  New   London,  and 
Shawano. 

Another  line  of  steamers  also  runs  for  Omro, 
Eureka  and  Berlin  by  the  Upper  Fox  river. 

State  Hospital,  198  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the 
station  for  the  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  which 
is  50  rods  from  the  shores  of  Lake  Winnebago;  cost 
$1,500,000,  and  can  accommodate  600  patients.  It 
is  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Walter  Kempster,  late  of 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

On  an  Island  in  Lake  Winnebago,  H  miles  from 
the  shore,  is  a  summer  hotel,  by  Joseph  Heath, 
of  Oshkosh,  which  can  be  reached  hourly  in  sum- 
mer by  steamers  from  the  hospital  pier. 

Snells,  202  miles  from  Chicago,  is  an  unimpor- 
tant station,  with  some  100  inhabitants. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NOKTH-WKSTEUN  I\AII.\V.VY. 


63 


Neenali  and  Menasha,  207  miles  from  Chi- 
cago. These  two  important  cities  are  linked  to- 
gether here,  as  they  are  where  located,  as  one 
station  serves  both,  and  although  disunited  mimic 
ipally,  are  united  in  fortunes  and  in  their  hopes 
for  the  future.  Together  they  contain  about  7,500 
people. 

MENASHA,  being  situated  at  the  foot  of  Lake 
Winnebago  and  Lake  Buttes  des  Morts,  and  cm- 
bracing  part  of  Doty's  Island,  furnishes  pictur- 
esque and  entertaining  scenery,  unsurpassed  by 
any  Western  town.  The  cl.muie  is  unexcelled  in 
salubrity,  and  no  place  on  the  continent  is  freer 
from  epidemics.  The  air  is  mild  and  bracing  and 
yields  a  vigor  and  endurance  to  the  sys:em,  that  is 
above  all  price. 


outlet  of  Lake  Winnebago.  The  present  population 
is  over  4,000.  The  city  and  town  is  without  a  cent 
of  indebtedness,  either  bonded  or  otherwise,  and 
consequently  the  rates  of  taxation  are  very  low. 
The  graded  schools  of  the  city  are  noted  through- 
out this  section  for  their  thoroughness  and  effi- 
ciency. The  streets  are  graded  and  graveled,  and 
lined  with  good  sidewalk*.  The  business  portion 
of  the  city  is  built  np  with  fine  brick  blocks,  and 
every  thing  betokens  thrift  and  prosperity.  No  city 
in  the  State  can  produce  a  better  showing,  in  th« 
way  of  growth  and  prosperity  during  the  past  sea- 
son (1875)  than  Necnah,  a  bona  fide  list  of  new 
mills,  stores,  residences  and  improvements  footing 
up  $400,000  in  round  numbers.  Four  paper  mills, 
employing  160  men:  stove  works,  40  men;  seven 


The  Lakeside  Hotel,  Madison,  Wis..  on  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.-  page  SO. 


Lake  Winnebago  provides  boating,  sailing  and 
bathing  facilities.  Steamboats  ply  on  its  limpid 
waters,  and  sailing  vessels  can  always  be  had,  fur- 
nishing ample  means  for  pleasure  excursions. 
Row  boats  are  kept  In  connection  with  The  Na- 
tional Hotel,  and  will  always  be  at  the  service 
of  guests,  furnishing  a  most  agreeable  and  healthy 
exercise  on  the  ever  placid  waters  of  Fox  river 
and  adjacent  bays  of  the  lake.  In  connection  with 
other  sports,  fish  and  game  are  plenty,  and  the 
sportsman  need  have  no  lack  of  pleasurable  nov- 
elties. 

Considerable  manufacturing  is  carried  on  in  the 
city,  wood-working  in  various  forms  being  particu- 
larly prominent.  It  has  four  flour  mills,  and  attracts 
trade  from  the  surrounding  country  fo»  many 
miles. 

Our  depot  is  on  Doty's  Island. 

NEENAH.— The  city  of  Neeuah  Is  located  in  the 
county  of  Winnebago,  and  most  romantically  and 
beautifully  situated  on  the  Fox  river,  and  at  the 


flour  mills,  stave  and  barrel  factories,  plow  works, 
twelve  churches,  a  public  (•'  Germania  ")  hall,  that 
cost  $15,000,  and  will  seat  1,000  persons;  several 
good  school  houses,  a  hotel — The  Russell  House- 
just  finished,  that,  will  accommodate  100  guests, 
together  with  its  miles  of  busy  streets — strongly 
attest  the  character  of  the  city  we  have  inNeenah. 
Wildfang's  mineral  spring  is  near  the  city,  and  has 
more  than  a  local  reputation  for  its  remedial 
power*.  Riverside  Park,  a  finely  cultivated  and 
adorned  public  park,  will  well  repay  a  visit;  it  is 
on  the  banks  of  Fox  river.  No  locality  can  offer 
better  facilities  for  fishing,  boating  and  shooting 
than  can  be  found  in  this  vicinity. 

Weat  Menusha,  209  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a 
joint  depot  at  the  crossing  of  the  WISCONSIN  CEN- 
TRAL RAILROAD,  that  here  gives  us  rail  connections 
f  r  Gill's  Landing,  Weyauieega,  Waupaca,  Amherst, 
Stevens'  Point,  Marshfleld  and  Worafter. 

Appleton,  214  niiles  north  of  Chicago.  The 
Lower  Fox  River  Valley  embraces  a  section  of 


64 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


country  situated  between  Lake  Winnebago  and 
Green  Bay.  From  northeast  to  southwest  it 
extends  a  distance  of  50  miles,  and  from  northwest 
to  southeast  about  40  miles.  The  valley  is  inter- 
sected by  the  44th  parallel  of  latitude,  and  its  cli- 
mate, therefore,  is  similar  to  that  which  obtains  in 
Southern  Minnesota,  Central  Michigan,  Central 
New  York,  and  in  the  southern  part  of  Vermont 
and  New  Hampshire.  From  the  time  of  its  earliest 
settlement  it  has  been  noted  for  its  health-giving 
elements.  Even  in  early  times  it  was  free  from 
sectional  epidemics. 

As  a  place  of  residence,  the  Fox  River  Valley 
presents  every  attr.ction  which  is  at  all  desirable. 


Pyramid  Rock,  Devil's  Lake,  WIs.,  on  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.-page  81 


civilization  which  has  ita  outcome  and  expression 
in  Outagamie  county.  The  capital  city  of  this 
county  is  the  old  "  Grand  Chute  "  of  early  times,  or 
the  APPLETOX  of  to-day,  a  town  long  known  to- 
many  tourists  for  the  beauty  of  her  surroundings, 
and  in  business  circles  for  her  energy  and  enter- 
prise. Wisconsin  can  boast  no  more  charming 
summer  resort  than  is  this  little  city,  bathed  by  a 
broad  and  rapid  running  river,  and  on  the  east 
approached  by  wild  ravines  and  brilliant  forests; 
on  the  west  by  fields  of  yellow  wheat,  gay  apple 
orchards,  and  the  finest  farm  lands  of  the  State. 

The  well-known  Telulah  Springs  are  at  the  east- 
ern extremity  of  the  city,  in  a  charming  point  on 
the  brink  of  the  river,  and  at 
the  foot  of  a  magnificent  nat- 
nral  beech  and  maple  grove  of 
full  50  acres.  The  water  of 
these  springs,  which  is  crystal- 
clear,  pours  from  the  hillside 
near  the  stream,  and  has  been 
carried  into  reservoirs,  about  14 
feet  above  the  level  of  the 
river,  the  amount  of  the  sup- 
ply being  quite  6,000  gallons 
everyday.  As  stated  by  an  ana- 
lytical chemist,  "Telulah 
Springwater  contains  the  same 
salts  in  abont  the  same  pro- 
portion as  the  Bethesda,"  and 
like  that  celebrated  spring,  in 
curative  qualities  is  unsur- 
passed, having  peculiar  effi- 
cacy in  Blight's  disease,  dia- 
betes, all  kidney  affections, 
dropsy,  etc.  This  spring,  to- 
gether with  Bethesda,  holds 
high  rank  even  in  a  State  which 
flows  with  fountains,  and  is 
filled  with  mineral  and  medici- 
nal waters.  The  spring  lies 
near  the  foot  of  the  'Grand 
Chute  rapids,  formed  by  the 
swift  decline  in  the  river  bed  of 
50  feet  within  a  mile,  and  its 
surroundings  are  lovely  and 
remarkable.  The  formation  of 
the  vulley  in  which  it  is  found 
is  curious,  and  its  story  of  the 
greatest  interest  Some  of  the 
remarkable  "burial  mounds" 
of  the  State  are  within  the  dis- 


The  scenery  which  borders  the  majestically-flowing  | 
stream,  the  variegated  beauty  of  woodland  and 
meadow,  and  finely-cultivated  farms,  the  pleasant 
undulations  of  valley  and  hillside,  the  roar  of  the 
cataract,  the  grace  and  curve  and  dash  of  the  swift- 
rushing  current,  all  combine  to  minister  to  the 
esihetic  as  -well  as  to  the  practical  wants  of  the 
people  of  this  valley. 

In  the  centre  of  the  valley  of  the  Fox.  through 
which  lay  the  celebrated  pathway  of  "La  Pere 
Marquette,"  down  to  the  Mississippi— a  valley 
which  is  thickly  Mf  ted  with  the  ashes  of  the  past, 
and  is  the  heart  of  the  historic  interest  of  the 
State;  the  scene  of  her  most  bloody  Indian  wars, 
and  the  home  of  ialf  her  legends  and  traditions  — 
in  the  centre  of  this  valley  has  sprung  up  a  swift 


tance  of  a  pleasant  ride,  and  near  these  are  several 
of  the  rock-traced  pictures  and  inscriptions  of  a 
pro-historic  race.  The  river  abounds  in  fish,  the 
wild  rice  tracts  are  filled  with  ducks,  and  the 
woods  with  much  small  game.  APPLE-TON  is  easily 
accessible  to  the  great  centres.  It  has  now  a  popu- 
lation of  about  8  000,  and  as  a  manufacturing  point, 
has  great  importance  in  the  State.  It  is  well  shaded, 
and  is  threaded  by  delightful  drives,  and  filled  with 
pleasant  homes.  In  educational  advantages  the 
city  stand-*  without  a  peer  within  the  State.  Law- 
rence University  is  here  located,  and  the  general 
school  system  is  of  the  highest  grade.  The  tone  of 
society  is  moral  to  a  high  degree  ;  the  citizens  are 
law  abiding  and  industrious,  enterprising,  ambi- 
tions and  hospitable.  Finally,  the  climate  is  delight- 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


ful.  The  heats  of  summer  and  the  frosts  of  winter 
are  tempered,  both,  by  nearness  to  the  great  lakes 
of  the  North,  and  altogether  no  more  delightful 
watering  place,  or  charming  summer  home  can  be 
discovered  anywhere  within  the  limits  of  a  noble 
State.  Hotel  and  boarding  house  accommodations 
are  ample  and  first  class. 

Little    Chute,    219  miles  from  Chicago,  is    a 
German  village  of  200  persons. 

Kaukauna,  221  miles  from  Chicago.     Popula- 
tion, 800. 

Wrightstown,  226  miles  from  Chicago.  Popula- 
tion. 1.400.  These  are  thrifty  villages,  surrounded 
by  a  fertile  fanning  coun- 
try, and  good  shooting 
and  fishing  grounds.  Deer 
and  bear  are  not  scarce, 
while  woodcock,  snipe, 
ducks,  geese,  partridge, 
pheasants  and  smaller 
game  abound.  Otto  Gut- 
trer,  a  noted  hunter,  lives 
at  Wrightstown,  and  is 
always  glad  to  show  the 
stranger  where  gume  is 
to  be  found.  This  village 
has  some  large  saw  mills, 
in  one  of  which  60  men 
find  work  day  and  night. 
The  American  is  its  best 
hotel.  SnidersvilU,  Hol- 
landtown  and  Askeaton, 
are  tributary  villages. 

Little  Kaukauna. 
231  miles  from  Chicago, 
is  merely  a  way  station. 

De  Pere,  236  miles 
from  Chicago,  is  a  thriv- 
ing manufacturing  city  of 
4,000 people,  built  on  both 


recall  the  memories  of  the  past;  while  the  modem 
city,  with  its  spacious  and  elegant  hotels,  its  fine 
school  houses  and  other  public  buildings,  its  large 
and  well-filled  stores,  and  its  beautiful  private 
residence?,  make  a  pleasing  contrast  with  the 
remains  of  the  past. 

The  city  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  but  one  by 
water;  lying  in  the  point  of  land  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Fox  and  East  rivers,  and  about  a  mile  from 
the  mouth  of  the  former.  Both  of  these  rivers  are 
navigable  for  steamers,  the  Fox  river  being  navi- 
gable for  the  largest  class  of  lake  vessels.  It  has 
also  connection,  through  the  GRKEN  BAT  &  MIN- 


The  Cliff  House,  Devil's  Lake,  WIs.— page  82. 


sides  of  the  Upper  Fox  river,  and  is  reached  by 
the  largest  lake  steamers.  Two  extensive  iron 
smelting  furnaces  here  employ  many  men,  and 
weekly  produce  large  quantities  of  fine  pig  metal. 
The  De  Pere  iron  works  manufacture  railway  cars. 
The  city  has  fine  schools,  public  as  well  as  secta- 
rian; eight  churches,  and  one  fair  hotel.  The 
Oneida  Indian  reservation  is  3%  miles  west,  and 
has  on  it  1,600  semi-civilized  Indians. 

Fort  Howard  and  Green  Bay,  242  miles  from 
Chicago.  FORT  HOWARD  is  on  the  west  side  of  Fox 
river,  one  mile  from  its  month,  opposite  to  Green 
Bay,  and  connected  with  it  by  four  bridges.  It 
was  an  early  military  post,  hence  its  name,  and 
yet  has  some  citizens  who  were  drawn  here  by  its 
soldier  attractions.  It  has  one  hotel,  a  newspaper, 
and  a  fine  growing  business.  The  population  con- 
sists of  about  4,000  i-ouls. 

GREEN  BAY  is  noted  as  having  been  one  of  the 
first  settlements  made  by  white  men— here  the  ban- 
ner of  the  Cross  was  first  erected,  and  here  the  first 
mass  said,  '.n  the  territory  now  included  within  the 
limit*  of  the  State  of  Wisconsin— and  is  almost 
without  a  rival  in  the  State  in  the  inducements  it 
offers  to  summer  tourists,  or  to  those  who  desire  a 
cool  and  pleasant  retreat  from  the  heat  and  mala- 
ria of  the  South.  The  ancient  settlement  has 
nearly  passed  away,  but  there  remains  sufficient  to 


NKSOTA  RAILWAY,  with  Winona,  Sf.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis,  and  all  the  magnificent  scenery  of 
Northern  Minnesota.  It  is  connected  with  both 
shores  of  Green  Bay  by  comfortable  and  convenient 
steamers.  A  line  of  steamers  connects  with  the 
trains  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Westcrn  Railway, 
and  makes  tri-wcekly  trips  up  the  ea'st  coast  of 
Green  Bay,  making  landings  »t  Fish  River,  Stur- 
geon Bay,  and  other  ports  on  that  shore. 

Green  Bay,  with  its  suburbs,  contains  a  popula- 
tion of  12,000  to  15.COO  persons.  It  is  noted  for  the 
hcalthfulness  of  its  climate— enjoying  almost  en- 
tire immunity  from  all  epidemic  diseases.  The  city 
is  laid  out  with  great  precision  and  regularity— its 
streets  being  all  broad  and  straight,  and  ihe  most 
of  them  are  shaded  by  rows  of  magnificent  old 
maples,  elms  and  poplars  on  either  side,  that,  in 
some  cases,  interlace  their  boughs  in  the  centre; 
this  gives  to  the  place  a  charming  rural  aspect, 
while  at  the  same  time  it  has  all  the  advantages, 
comforts  and  refinements  of  a  lame  city.  The  water 
supply  is  excellent,  being  mostly  clear,  cold,  living 
springs,  gushing  out  from  the  surface  of  the 
ground,  or  deep  artesian  wells.  The  days  are  com- 
fortably warm,  and  the  nights  nlways  deliciously 
cool  for  sleeping. 

For  amusements,  there  are  magnificent  drives  ex- 
tending in  every  direction  from  the  city,  with  syl- 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


van,  picturescpie  scenery,  beautiful  cascades,  and 
everything  to  please  the  eye.  The  Fox  river  is 
here  about  1,500  feet  wide,  and  25  to  30  feet  in 
depth,  spanned  by  three  handsome  carriage  and 
foot  bridges,  free  to  all.  The  river  gradually  ex- 
pands out  into  Green  Bay,  a  beautiful  sheet  of 
water,  120  mile's  long,  with  an  average  width  of  15 
miles;  this  gives  unexcelled  advantages  for  yacht- 
ing, an  amusement  much  indulged  in  by  the  citizens 
and  visitors.  Steam  yachts  also  ply  between  the 
city  and  points  of  interest  in  the  vicinity.  The 
bay  has  a  gently  shelving,  gravelly  or  sandy  beach, 


and  bathing  in  the  pure,  crystal  waters  is  a  favorite 
pastime.  There  arc  also  excellent  fishing  grounds 
and  plenty  of  fish,  with  good  hunting  in  its  season. 
There  are  three  large,  first-class  hotels  in  the  city, 
viz:  The  Beaumont  House,  terms,  $3  per  day  and 
$17.50  per  week ;  Cook's  Hotel,  $2  per  day  and 
$8.50  to  $12  per  week  ;  and  The  First  National 
Hotel,  $2  per  day  and  $9  to  $12  per  week.  It  has 
seven  newspapers,  fourteen  churches,  many  fine 
schools,  three  public  hall-,  a  court  house  that  cost 
$40,000,  and  some  manufactures. 


THE    GREEN  BAY   &  MINNESOTA  RAILROAD, 

Running,  as  it  does,  from  Green  Bay  westwardly  across  the  State  of  Wisconsin  to  the 
city  of  Winona,  on  the  Mississippi,  in  Minnesota,  has  opened  up  a  country  long 
destitute  of  much  needed  railroad  facilities.  Starting  from  Green  Bay,  it  passes 
through  the  counties  of  Brown,  Outagamie,  Waupaca,  Portage,  Wood,  Clark  and 

Trempealeau.  Pass- 
ing westward  from 
Green  Bay,  10  miles 
out  we  reach  Oneida, 
the  village  of  the 
Oneida  Indian  Reser- 
vation, with  a  popu- 
lation of  "bout  1,600. 
Seymour,  17  miles 
from  Green  Bay,  is 
in  Outagamie  county, 
and  20  miles  from 
its  county  seat,  Apple- 
ton,  which  is  reached 
by  stage,  fare  $1. 
Shawano,  25  miles 
north,  and  Angelica, 
12  miles  north,  are 
reached  by  stage, 
daily.  Seymour  has 
a  population  of  1,500, 
two  good  schools, 
five  churches,  a  stave 
and  barrel  factory, 


Skillet  r  eek,  Devil's  Lake,  Wis.— page  83. 

(From  Photograph  by  Hoard  &  Tenuy,  Winona,  Minn.). 


employing  75  men  ; 

a  wagon  stock  foun- 
dry, employing  20  men;  a  hub  and  spoke  factory,  employing  25  men;  a  spoke  factory, 
employing  15  men,  and  a  lumber  and  shingle  mill,  employing  30  men-;  two  hotels — 
The  Wisconsin  House,  By  Louis  Fisher,  and  The  Seymour,  by  Otto  Bechener,  each 
with  15  rooms,  and  charging  $1.50  per  day — furnish  accommodations  for  transient 
guests.  The  railroad  was  built  through  the  village  in  1871.  The  surrounding  country 
is  heavily  timbered,  and  the  forests  are  full  of  deer,  bear  and  small  game.  Black 
Ureek,  24  miles  out,  and  Shiocton,  31  miles,  are  small  villages.  New  London,  39  miles 
from  Green  Bay,  having  a  population  of  2,500,  is  in  Waupaca  county,  20  miles  from 
the  city  of  Waupaca,  the  county  seat,  which  is  reached,  during  the  season  of  navi- 


THK  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


gallon,  by  steamers  on  the  Wolf  and  Waupaca  rivers,  and  by  stage  during  the  winter. 
New  London  is  built  at  the  confluence  of  the  Wolf  and  Embarras  rivers.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  heavily  covered  with  hard  wood  timber,  and  has  a  deep,  black 
soil,  which  is  very  productive  under  cultivation.  The  city  has  two  large  ward  school 
houses  and  one  German  academy,  six  churches,  several  manufactories,  and  six  hotels. 
Northport,  Royalton,  Ogdensburg,  Scandinavia,  Amherst,  and  Plover,  are  thrifty  vil- 
lages, with  a  population  of  from  100  to  1,200  each.  Grand  Rapids,  96  miles  from 
Green  Bay,  with  a  population  of  2,000,  is  the  county  seat  of  Wood  county  which  was 
organized  in  1856,  and  has  a  population  of  8,000.  The  county  is  heavily  timbered  with 
hard  woods.  In  the  village  are  three  churches,  two  schools,  one  occupying  a  building 
which  cost  $20,000,  and 
will  accommodate  600 
scholars ;  three  public 
halls,  two  hotels,  and  six 
sawmills.  Inthevicinity 
there  is  over  35,000  acres 
of  cultivated  cranberries. 
Dextervitte,  110  miles  from 
Green  Bay,  is  a  flourishing 
village  of  2,000  people. 
MerriUan,  in  Jackson 
county,  is  at  the  crossing 
of  the  West  Wisconsin 
Railway,  which  furnishes 
direct  rail  connection  for 
St.  Paul,  130  miles  north. 
The  village  has  a  popu- 
lation of  about  500  per- 
sons, two  schools,  a  flour- 
ing mill,  and  a  saw  mill. 
Arcadia,  192  miles  from 
Green  Bay,  is  built  on  the 
Trempealeau  river,  has  a 
population  of  1,000,  two 
schools,  four  churches 
and  three  hotels.  There 
are  many  trout  streams  in 
the  vicinity,  and  large 
numbers  of  brook  trout  are  taken  here  every  season.  At  214  miles  from  Green  Bay 
we  reach  the  city  of  Winona,  which  will  be  described  hereafter.  Having  hurriedly 
made  the  trip  across  the  State,  we  now  return  to  Fort  Howard,  and  pursue  our  journey 
northward. 


On  the  Baraboo,  near  Elroy,  Wis.— page   85. 


Dunk  Creek,  347  miles  from  Chicago;  an  unim- 
portant station. 

Big  Suamico,  251  miles  from  Chicago.  Has 
two  hotels,  one  school  and  two  saw  mills. 

Little  Suamico,  257  miles  from  Chicago.  Un- 
important. 

Brookslde,  262  mites  from  Chicago.  A  new 
and  small  place. 

Pensankee,  266  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in 
Oconto  county,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  pine  lum- 
ber country.  If  has  300  population,  one  first-class 


brick  hotel,  that  has  100  rooms;  one  school,  and  one 
church.  West  Pensaukee  is  five  miles  dictant. 
Game  of  all  kinds  abound  in  this  vicinity. 

Oconto,  271  miles  from  Chicago.  This  city,  of 
5,000  people,  is  on  Oconto  river,  two  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Oconto  Falls  are  16  miles  distant;  Stiles, 
12  miles  west,  and  Gillettown,  30  miles  west,  are 
reached  by  stage.  This  city,  with  Peshtigo  and 
many  other  villages  and  a  large  expanse  of  country, 
were  burucd  over  in  October,  1871.  Hundreds  of 
persons  perished,  and  millions  of  dollars  worth  of 


68 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


property  were  consumed.  Many  marks  of  this  ter- 
rible calamity  are  still  plainly  visible.  In  tlie  city 
id  the  county  court  house,  jail,  and  other  county 
buildings;  six  schools,  three  public  halls,  eeven 
churches,  many  lumber  mills,  and  four  hotels. 

Caviots,  280  miles  from  Chicago,  is  on  unimpor- 
tant station. 

Peshtigo,  284  miles  from  Chicago,  is  on  Peshtigo 
river,  seven  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lumbering,  and 
commerce  incident  thereto,  occupy  the  time,  talents 
ant",  capital  of  its  citizens.  Thirty-five  miles  above 


the  city  are  Big,  or  Chameleon,  Falls,  90  feet  per- 
pendicular, and  on  same  stream  are  Roaring,  Cal- 
dron, and  Eagle's  Nest  Falls,  nearly  as  great. 
Thunder  Lake,  River  Medicine,  Gravel  and  Trout 
Lakes,  are  near,  and  are  full  of  fish.  Brook  trout 
are  caught  in  great  abundance  in  many  of  the 
streams  of  the  vicinity.  Deer,  bear  and  other  game 
are  plentiful.  The  city  has  several  good  hotels, 
where  sportsmen  are  lodged  and  fed  at  very  reason- 
able rates. 


CHEAP  LAND  FOR   THE  FARMER. 

•  THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY  have  for  sale,  in  the  States 
of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan,  1,003,978  acres  of  Farming,  Timber  and  Pine  Lands,  in 
tracts  of  40  acres  and  upwards,  at  from  $2  to  $12  per  acre.  The  timber  on  these  lands 

consists — according  to- 
locality  and  soil — of 
pine,  maple,  beech, 
white  oak,  red  oak, 
birch,  ash,  basswood, 
hemlock,  and  cedar, 
which  is  valuable  for 
charcoal  and  manufac- 
luring  purposes. 

Large  tracts  of  these 
lands  are  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  the  iron 
mines  of  Michigan  and 
Wisconsin,  and  from 
the  charcoal  alone  that 
can  be  manufactured 
from  the  heavy  growth 
:  of  timber  thereon,  par- 
ties purchasing  can  pay 
for  them  at  the  prices 
j  charged  by  the  Com- 
pany for  said  lands,  and 
I  have  money  left  to  ena- 
ble them  to  convert  the 
lands  from  which  the 
timber  has  been  taken 


Willow  River  Falls,  near  Hudso.n,  Wis.-  page  88. 


for  charcoal  purposes,  into  productive  farms,  for  the  products  of  which  they  can  at  all 
times  obtain  the  highest  market  prices  in  the  mining  and  lumbering  districts  in  the 
immediate  neighborhood  of  these  lauds. 

Of  the  above  lands,  639,750  acres  are  in  the  State  of  Michigan,  adjacent  to  and  on 
each  side  of  said  Company's  railroad,  which  has  been  fully  completed  and  is  now  in 
successful  .operation  between  Lake  Superior  and  the  Wisconsin  State  Line  ;  and  the 
balance  of  said  lands,  364,228  acres,  are  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  between  the  Michi- 
gan State  line  and  Township  line  No.  30,  and  between  Ranges  10  and  18  East,  and  are 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Brule  and  Menomonee  rivers,  and  are  traversed  by  the 
Wolf,  Oconto,  Peshtigo,  Pine  and  other  rivers,  on  which  the  pine  timber  taken  from 
those  lands  is  annually  floated  to  the  various  places  of  manufacture  thereon. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


69 


Marinette,  291  miles  from  Chicago.  This  city, 
of  4,000  people,  is  on  the  south  side  of  the  Menom- 
onee  river,  which  here  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  States  of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  The 
business  of  the  city  pertains  to  lumbering  in  some 
form.  It  has  ten  saw  mills  employing  over 
3,000  men,  and  manufacturing  150,000,000  feet  of 
lumber  yearly;  one  blast  furnace  employs  80  men. 
In  the  city  are  three  schools,  four  churches,  two' 
public  halls  and  two  hotels.  Several  trout  streams 
are  near.  Crossing  the 
Menomonee  river  on  a  fine 
bridge,  we  reach  the  depot 
for  the  city  of 

Menomonee,  293  miles 
from  Chicago,  and  are 
in  the  State  of  Michigan. 
Here,  also,  "lumbering" 
is  the  leading  business.  It 
has  five  large  saw  mills, 
that  employ  600  men;  an 
Iron  furnace,  employing  75 
men;  a  court  house,  that 
cost  $30,000;  a  brick  and 
stone  town  hall,  that  cost 
$6,000;  four  schools,  four 
churches,  and  two  good 
hotels.  Population,  about 
4,000.  Without  delaying 
long  at  lint i -H  CREEK, 
WALLACE,  STKPHENSON, 
GRAVEL  PIT,  EAGLET, 
KI.OMAN,  SPALDING,  FER- 
RY, BARK  RIVER,  or  FORD 
RIVER,  which  are  mere  side 
track*,,  we  hurry  on  to 

Escanaba,  357  miles 
from  Chicago.  This  is  one 
of  the  pleasantest  summer 
resorts  there  is  in  the 
West.  It  Is  situated  at 
t+.s  head  of  Little  Bay  Des 
Noques,  at  the  north  end 
of  <;reen  Bay.  The  water 
of  the  bay.  clear  as  crystal, 
washes  the  streets  of  the 
city  on  two  sides,  while  the 
Escanaba  river  forms  the 
third,  and  the  aromatic 
"piney  woods"  close  well 
down  on  the  other  side. 
Good  hotels  offer  quiet 


class  in  all  its  appointment!!,  and  located  immedi- 
ately on  the  bay  shore;  surrounded  by  beautiful 
groves  and  parks,  laid  off  in  flower  beds,  and  beau- 
tiful serpentine  walks  and  carriage  drives;  being 
well  supplied  with  boats— both,  rowing  and  sailing 
—fishing  tackle,  and  professional  guides  in  readi- 
ness to  convey  guests  to  the  trout  streams.  The 
Lnddington  House  has  accommodations  for  100 
guests.  The  climate  of  Escanaba  is  unsurpassed. 
During  the  hottest  of  the  summer  months  the  ther- 


Pulplr  Rock,  on  the  St.  Crolx,  near  Hudson,  W!s.     page  88. 


and  comfortable  quarters  for  tourists  who  may 
wish  to  spend  days  or  weeks  here  fishing,  boat- 
ing or  bathing.  White  Fish  Bay  in  this  vicinity 
offers  rare  sport  for  fishermen,  and  every  little 
stream  (and  they  are  numerous)  is  almost  alive  with 
the  ever  beautiful  brook  (spotted)  trout.  From  Es- 
canaba excursions  are  fitted  out  in  various  direc- 
tions. Those  not  caring  for  fishing  can  take  to  the 
"woods,"  and  find  bear  and  deer  in  abundance,  to 
say  nothing  of  ducks,  geese,  brants,  partridges  and 
smaller  feathered  game.  This  is  now  a  favorite 
summer  resort  to  the  people  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
population  of  3,000,  at  d  is  adjacent  to  the  vast 
mineral  regions,  for  which  this  section  of  country 
is  renowned.  The  hotel  accommodations  are  unsur- 
pas'ed.  The  Tilden  House  is  the  largest,  and  first- 


mometer  ranges  at  about  80  degrees,  averaging  but 
65  degrees  during  the  entire  summer  f  eason.  The 
place  is  rapidly  becoming  one  of  the  most  popular 
summer  resorts  of  the  Lake  Superior  district,  and, 
from  present  indications,  the  coming  season  prom- 
ises to  eclipse  all  previous  ones  in  point  of  visitors 
from  all  sections  of  the  country.  To  sportsmen,  fond 
of  hunting  or  angling-  the  naturalist  in  quest  of 
the  curious  and  wonderful  in  nature,  in  connection 
with  the  iron,  silver,  lead,  copper  and  gold  deposits 
of  Lake  Superior—  the  business  man,  seeking  rest 
and  health  in  a  pure,  invigorating  air—  Escanaba 
offers  unsurpassed  advan'ages.  At  Escanaba  are 
extensive  mineral  docks  owned  by  the  railroad, 
and  into  which  (through  the  spring,  rummer  and 
fall  months),  from  700  to  800  cars,  daily,  of  iron  ore 


70 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


and  pig  iron,  hanled  from  the  iron  regions  around 
Negaunee  and  Ishpeming,  are  deposited,  the  daily 
average  being  about  7,000  tons.  From  these  docks 
vessels  load  for  all  the  ports  of  the  lower  lakes. 

The  country  beyond  Escanaba  is  not  very  invit- 
ing, but  contains  many  fine  brcok  trout  streams, 
and  deer,  bear  ai:d  other  game  and  fur-bearing 
animals.  The  sportsman,  fisherman  or  trapper  will 
find  ample  employment  and  sport  here.  Passing 
along  the  classic  shores  of  Goose  Lake,  we  soon 
reach 

Negaunee,  419  miles  from  Chicago.  Here  we 
are  in  the  midst  of  the  celebrated  iron  regions  of 


On  the  St.  Crolx,  near  Taylor's  Falls,  Minn.— page  88 

Lake  Superior.  Surrounded  on  all  sides  by  the 
mines  and  furnace*  of  some  thirty  or  more  mining 
companies — this  busy  city  does  not  present  an 
attractive  appearance  to  the  fashionable  visitor  or 
to  the  "  kid  glove"  tourist,  but  to  him  who  would 
view  nature  in  her  wildness.  or  who  would  go  with 
the  hardy,  industrious  miner  into  the  mines,  and 
seek  out  the  precious  gems  that  are  found  there, 
this  place  has  an  abiding  attraction.  The  city 
contains  over  4,000  people,  is  built  in  a  narrow 
valley,  surrounded  by  high  and  broken  hills,  and  is 
1,400  feet  above  Marquettc,  which  is  only  13  miles 
distant.  It  is  well  supplied  with  schools,  churcttes, 
hotels,  newspapers  and  business  houses.  In  the 
vicinityare  many  romantic  and  picturesque  spots, 
well  worth  visiting.  Game  is  abundant  and  brook 
trout  more  than  plentiful.  Etcana'ja  River,  Little 
Lake,  Cascade,  Lake  Michlgammi  and  Menomonee 
River  are  within  visiting  distances,  and  a  visit  to 
them  will  amply  repay  the  tourist.  Of  all  of  the 


gems  of  this  wild  country,  yon  must  not  fail  to  sec 
Teal  Lake,  as  beautiful  a  body  of  water  as  eye  ever 
looked  upon.  We  reproduce  a  scene  on  the  lake, 
that  has  been  painted  by  Edward  Schrottky,  a 
rising  young  artist  of  this  place.  Our  wood-cut 
does  poor  justice  to  the  beauty  of  the  picture  or  of 
the  lake.  On  the  farther  side  of  the  lake,  and  to 
the  left  of  the  picture,  may  be  seen  a  house.  Its 
history  is  not  nnromantic.  Many  years  ago,  an 
Eastern  gentleman,  with  an  only  daughter,  about  20- 
years  of  age,  settled  at.  Chicago.  The  moist  air 
f  i  om  Lake  Michigan  did  not  agree  with  the  lady, 
and  she  daily  faded.  An  Indian  chief,  at  Fort 
Dearborn,  told  the  father,  of  the 
pure,  dry  air  of  the  hills  of  the 
great  northern  lake,  and  drew  no 
mean  picture  of  the  country  about 
Negannee  and  Teal  Lake,  and 
urged  that  the  daughter  should  be 
taken  there.  Anxious  to  adopt 
any  means  that  seemed  to  promise 
hope  to  the  almost  dying  girl,  the-" 
lumber  for  a  house  was  prepared, 
^^  and  with  an  ample  supply  of  hand- 
j^^BS  some,  costly  furniture,  was  placed 
on  a  vessel,  chartered  to  run  as 
near  Teal  Lake  as  possible.  In 
due  time  this  vessel  reached  the 
port  where  Marquette  has  since 
been  built.  Friendly  Indians 
"  packed  "  the  cargo  of  the  vessel 
over  almost  pathless  wilds,  13 
miles  to  the  site  shown  in  our 
picture,  and  in  course  of  time  the 
house  was  built,  furnished  and 
occupied  by  the  invalid  and  her 
father.  A  happy  year  was  passed ; 
bloom  again  came  to  the  wan 
cheek  and  fire  came  to  the  dimmed 
eye;  but,  alas,  only  to  mock  the 
hopes  of  the  doting  parent.  With 
the  coloring  of  the  leaves  the  next 
fall,  the  father  bore  the  body  of 
hisdead  child  to  his  far-off  Eastern 
j  home,  and  abandoned  house,  fnr- 
niture  and  all. .  The  Indians,  with 
superstitions  dread,  kept  away 
from  the  place,  and  everything 
remained  as  the  owner  had  left  it  until  a  few  years 
ago,  when  the  white  man  prospected  the  country, 
and  settled  here  to  rob  the  hills  of  their  mineral 
treasure.  Having  none  of  the  scruples  of  the  un- 
taught savage,  he  did  not  respect  the  home  of  the 
dead  girl,  and  soon  stripped  it  of  its  contents,  so 
that  to-day  the  house  alone  is  left.  It  stands  there, 
a  monument  to  the  now  dead  and  almost  forgotten 
father,  who,  in  its  buildingand furnishing,  expended 
over  $80,000.  The  place  is  known  as  "The  White 

Ishpeming,  422  miles  from  Chicago.  This  city, 
of  over  6,000  people,  is  in  the  same  iron  region  as 
the  last  ramed.  Many  mines  are  close  to  its  limit* 
and  within  the  city  proper— the  Cleveland,  producing 
150,000  tons  yearly;  the  Lake  Superior,  150,000  tons; 
Barnum,  50,000tons:  Pittsburghand  Lake  Angeline» 
40,000  tons  each.  Deer  L  ,ke  furnace,  two  miles  off,, 
produce-"  10,000  tons  yearly  of  charcoal  pig  metaL 
In  the  city  are  five  churches,  one  school,  with  11 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


teachers,  occupying  a  building  that  cost  $52,003. 
The  Barnum  House  is  a  first  class  hotel,  kept  by 
Robert  Nelson.  It  has  90  rooms,  is  lighted  with 
gas,  supplied  with  hot  and  cold  water  and  bath 
rooms,  heated  with  steam  throughout,  finely  fur- 
nished, and  cost,  with  its  furniture,  some  |!80,000. 
It  was  opened  in  June,  1875,  and  is  admirably  kept. 
Ishpeming  is  the  northern  terminus  of  our  line. 

Marqnette,  43o  miles  from  Chicago,  though  not 
directly  on  the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway, 
is  reac  hed  by  rai  I  by  t  hat  route  only,  and  i  s  so  closely 
identified  with  this  line,  that 
we  almost  call  it  our  terminul 
station,  and  largely  treat  it  as 
if  it  were  so.  Marquette  is 
situated  on  the  south  shore  of 
Lake  Superior,  at  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  MARQUETTE, 
HOUGHTO'N  &  ONTONAGON 
RAILROAD,  and  is  the  centre  of 
the  great  iron  region  of  Lake 
Superior.  The  principal  busi- 
ness interests  are  those  con- 
nected with  mining.  It  is  well 
supplied  with  excellent  hotels 
and  large  summer  boarding 
houses,  where  comfortable, 
well  furnished  rooms  and  unex- 
celled board  can  be  procured 
at  very  reasonable  prices.  The 
city  is  beautifully  located  on 
the  Bay  of  Marquette,  which 
is  a  deep  indentation  of  the 
shores  of  the  lake.  The  town 
is  well  built,  its  streets  wide, 
clean,  and  well  paved.  Its  peo- 
ple are  reftned,  educated,  and 
extremely  sociable  and  kindly. 
On  the  bay  you  have  uneqnaled 
facilities  for  boating,  and  its 
waters  are  filled  with  gamey 
fish,  which,  seem  eager  to 
reward  the  angler,  as  they  are 
caught  in  great  abundance  with 
but  little  labor.  A  few  miles 
out  in  the  bay  are  severe!  large 
islands  covered  with  virgin  for- 
ests. These  islands  are  favor- 
ite resorts  for  picnic  parses, 
that  reach  them  by  sail  boats, 
by  steamer,  or  by  small  row 
boats,  of  which  any  number 
almost  may  be  hired  in  Mar- 
quette at  any  time. 


kindly  teachings  of  the  patient  Catholic  missionary, 
who  has  been  a  dweller  in  the  tents  of  the  uncul- 
tured child  of  the  forest  for  generations,  and  who 
has  lived  there  really  and  truly  for  the  Indian's 
good,  and  not  for  the  white  man's  aggrandize- 
ment, as  is  too  often  the  case  with  the  so-called 
friend  of  the  Indian.  No  finer  trout  fishing  is  to 
be  found  anywhere  on  the  broad  earth  than  can  be 
found  on  the  north  shore  of  this  great  in'and  ocean. 
Speckled  trout,  weighing  from  five  to  twelve  pounds, 
are  often  caught  by  the  few  adventurous  spirits  who 


The  Dalles,"  on  the  St.  Crolx,  Wis.— page  91. 


For  the  invalid  or  for  the  resident  of  our  Southern 
or  Eastern  States,  Marquette  offers  many  induce- 
ments as  a  summer  resort.  Its  air  is  pure  and  clear, 
its  days  not  hot,  its  nights  pleasantly  cool,  and  yet 
not  cold,  and  its  healthful  ness  unquestioned. 

From  Marquette  you  crm  take  steamer  for  Sault 
St.  Mary,  for  Isle  Royal,  St.  Ignacc  Island,  Fort 
William,  or  any  point  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake 
Superior.  On  that  shore  you  will  find  nature  in  all 
her  wildness.  The  white  man's  arts  and  ways  have 
not  yet  penetrated  its  wilds,  and  the  Indian  with 
his  peculiar  ways  can  be  found  without  seeking  far. 
This  Indian  is  not  the  savage  of  the  plains  or 
mountains,  but  he  who  has  been  tamed  by  the 


have  for  several  years  sought  these  favored  shores.. 
The  rivers  Nipigon  and  Michapacoton  are  the  best 
known  of  the  trout  streams  of  the  north  shore. 
Guides  to  these  streams  can  be  easily  hired  at  Mar- 
quette, and  fishing  parties  be  fitted  out  with  little 
expense  or  labor.  And  here  we  might  drop  a  hint 
that  may  be  useful  to  the  stranger:  Take  an  Indian 
for  your  guide  if  you  go  to  the  north  shore  to  fish; 
see  that  you  get  one  that  does  not  love  "  fire  water," 
and  one  that  is  not  afraid  of  work.  Plenty  of  lazy 
white  men  will  tender  their  services,  and  boast  of 
their  knowledge  and  skill,  but  trust  them  not 
They  are  utterly  worthless,  either  in  your  boat  or 
out  of  it. 


THE  NORTH  AXP  WEST  ITJ,USTBA.TED. 


Tho  best  hotels  nt  Marquettc  are  The  Cozzens, 
Alfred  Cozzens,  proprietor— it  can  accommodate 
150  guests  for  the  summer— this  house  has  a  num- 
ber of  summer  cottages  fitted  up  for  the  use  of 
guests,  who  may  prefer  them  to  the  rooms  of  tlic 
hotel — and  The  Northwestern  Hotel,  Farnhaui  & 
Lyons,  proprietors.  This  house  is  situated  clcse  to 
the  waters  of  the  bay,  and  is  a  charming  location 
for  a  summer  home.  Mesdames  Williams  and 
Sherman  keep  excellent  boarding  houses.  The 
rates  for  private  board  range  from  $6  to  $12  per 
week.  A  daily  line  of  Pullman  Palace  Cars  is  run 
between  Chicago  and  Marquette,  by  the  Chicago  & 
North-Western  Railway  Company. 

Marquette,  as  a  watering  place,  cannot  well  be 
excelled.  Romantic  scen- 
ery surrounding  o:ie  on 
every  side,  a  cool,  bracing 
atmospheVe,  which,  to 
those  who  may  be  suffer- 
ing from  the  heat  of  a 
summer  sun,  is,  as  it 
were,  the  "balm  of 
Gilead."  In  the  fore- 
ground '  a  beautiful  bay 
spreads  away  to  the  dis- 
tant shore  (which  is  of  ten 
compared  to  the  bay  of 
Venice),  whose  silvery 
•waters  often  lie  like  an 
immense  mirror  beneath 
the  rays  of  the  setting 
sun,  and  when  dotted 
w-th  vessels  and  steam- 
ers, presents  a  scene 
wi.rthy  the  pencil  of  an 
-artist.  Salmon  trout 
abound  in  its  waters,  and 
arc  often  taken  by  trol- 
ling, weighing  from  five 
to  twenty-five  pounds  each.  One  person  not  unfre- 
•  quently  captures  from  one  to  twenty  fish  per  day, 
in  the  season.  There  are  a  number  of  streams  in 
the  vicinity,  where  the  speckled  beauties  are  await- 
ing the  fly  of  the  angler. 

Marquette  has  a  population  of  about  8,000.  It  is 
lighted  with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with  water  from 
the  cool,  crystal  lake  by  the  Holly  water  system. 

To  the  invalid  or  tourist,  needing  a  few  weeks' 
recreation,  we  recommend  them  by  all  means  to 
seek  the  pnre  air  and  splendid  climate  in  and 
around  the  fair  city  of  Marquette.  Sailing  over  the 
broad,  clear  waters  of  Lake  Superior,  trolling  for 
the  large  thirty-pound  lake  fish,  beating  the  moun- 
tain streams  for  speckled  trout,  visiting  the  rolling 
in  ills,  furnaces,  miues,  and  other  objects  of  interest, 
will  serve  to  pass  away  several  weeks  in  an  amusing 
and  profitable  manner.  The  hotels  here  are  well 
kept,  very  comfortable  and  charges  reasonable. 

We  quote  from  the  Mining  Journal :  "  The 
people  of  Marquette  are  remarkably  well  favored 
with  the  grand  in  nature — in  the  hills  and  valleys, 
the  swift-flowing  river,  and  the  rivulet,  the  ex- 
p  inse  of  lake  and  stretch  of  shore  line,  the  rising 
plain  and  unnumbered  tints  of  foliage,  by  which 
the  city  is  surrounded.  It  would  be  difficult  to 
select  a  point  that  offers  a  greater  diversity  of 
striking  and  beautiful  scenery,  in  the  midst  of  a 


The  Falls  of  Mlnnehaha,  Minn.— page  9O. 


moving  commerce,  which  is  asserting  itself  as  the 
most  powerful  in  the  world.  A  finer  picture  never 
covered  the  canvas  of  an  artist  than  is  presented  by 
Marqnette  from  the  centre  of  the  bay,  with  the 
docks,  and  ships,  and  steamers  in  the  foreground. 
bustling  with  life,  and  the  city  dropping  from  the 
high  land  to  the  right  and  left,  on  both  sides  of  the 
bay,  with  a  horizon  of  hills  to  the  extreme  right 
and  left  in  the  background." 

Marquette  is  the  county  seat  of  Marqnette 
county,  which  was  organized  in  1845,  and  has  a  resi- 
dent population  of  20,000.  The  city  contains  a 
county  court  house  a»d  jail,  two  public  halls— 
Mathews  and  The  Opera  House,  which  will  scat 
1,00!)  persons;  five  churches;  a  union  high  school, 
three  ward  schools,  a 
convent  and  Roman 
Catholic  seminary,  three 
banks,  two  foundries, 
four  blast  furnaces,  one 
rolling  mill,  one  steam 
forge,  and  several  other 
manufactories.  The  ma- 
chine ard  car  works  of 
the  Marquette,  Houghton 
&  Or.tonagon  Railro.id 
Company  are  located 
here,  and  give  employ- 
ment to  a  large  number 
of  skilled  mechanics. 
Five  extensive  docks  for 
the  shipment  of  ore  have 
been  built  and  are  main- 
tained here  at  large  es> 
peusc.  Dead,  Chocolay, 
Little  and  Garlic  rivers 
are  near  by,  and  are 
noted  trout  (brook) 
-  streams.  Returning  to 
Ishpeming  from  Mar- 
quette, we  find  the  Marquette,  Hoi:ghton  &  Onton- 
agon  Railroad  running  westward,  and  towards 
Ontonagon.  It  runs  through  a  wild  and  mostly 
uncultivated  district,  but  one  that  is  well  worthy  of 
a  visit.  Iron  mines  and  furnaces  are  on  every  hand; 
mountains  of  iron  are  on  every  side,  and  the  roar- 
ing of  the  rapid  running  river  is  heard  many  times 
while  passing  from  Ishpeming  to  L'Anse. 

Lake  Michigammi,  38  miles  from  Marqnette, 
situated  on  the  line  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton  & 
Ontonagon  Railroad,  in  Marquette  county,  is  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  sheets  of  water  to  be  found  in 
the  country.  The  shore  is  very  irregular,  present- 
ing many  points  of  beauty ;  the  lake  contains 
many  wooded  islands,  which  add  much  to  the  pic- 
turesqueness  of  the  scenery.  A  steamer  runs  on 
the  lake  from  Michigammi  to  the  islands.  At 
Michigammi  are  the  celebrated  Michigammi  and 
Spurr  iron  mines.  The  Hamey,  Hoskins  and  other 
mines,  but  partially  developed  at  the  present  writ- 
ing, are  located  near  Michigammi. 

L'Anse,  63  miles  from  Marquette,  in  Baragey 
county,  is  a  new  town,  situated  on  Keweenuw  bay, 
and  at  present  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Mar- 
quette, Hougton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  but  surveys 
for  the  extension  of  the  line  to  Ontonagon  and 
Houghton  have  been  made.  The  harbor  is  one  of 
the  finest  on  the  whole  chain  of  lakes.  There  are 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


73 


two  churches,  one  school  house,  one  bank  and 
several  stores.  Arrangements  arc  now  being  made 
for  building  u  dry  dock  and  a  blast  furnace.  The 
railroad  ore  pier  and  merchandise  dock  and  ma- 
chine shops  give  employment  to  n  large  force  of 
workmen.  On  Fall  Hver  and  L'Anse  bay  is  to  be 
'omul  as  line  brook  nnd  salmon  trout  and  .vhite  fish 
fish  ing  as  there  is  in  the  country.  Methodist  and 
Catholic  Iiuli  in  mission  houses  arc  situated  about 
four  miles  from  L'Anse,  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
bay. 

The  following  named  towns  are  situated  on  the 
line  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton,  &  Ontonagon 
Railroad  :  Marqucttc,  Morgan,  Negaunec,  Ishpe- 
mini',  Greenwood,  Clarksburg,  Hninboldt,  Repub- 
lic, Champion,  Michigammi,  Spurr, 
Sturgeon,  Summit  and  L'Anse. 

Although  the  season  of  1875  was 
pne  of  very  great  depression,  and 
was  particularly  unfavorable  to  the 
iron  interests,  the  following  statis- 
tics of  the  iron  ore  trafilc  may  be 
interesting:  l'ro:luccd,  by  Republic 
mine,  1-T.OOO  ton-;  by  Lake  Superior 
mine,  114,000  tons;  by  Cleveland 
mine,  1011,000  tons;  by  Jackson  mine, 
100,000  ton*;  by  Champion  mine, 
47,' 00  tons;  by  Michignmiui  mine, 
45,000  tons;  by  Spnrr  mine,  4:2,001) 
tons;  by  Saginaw  mine,  45,000  toi.s; 
by  Kloiuan  mine,  35,000  tons;  by.  Bar- 
num  mine,  41,000  tons  ;  by  other 
mines,  255,000  tons.  Total,  930,000 
to'.s.  In  addition  to  this,  there  was 
manufactured  and  chipped  by  the 
charcoal  furnnccs  of  this  district, 
90,590  tons  of  pig  iron.  The  aggregate 
produrtion  of  iron  ores  of  the  mines 
in  this  region  from  1850  to  1875,  inclu- 
sive, was  !)  W8,'^81  tons.  The  aggre- 
gate product  of  pig  iron  from  1858  to 
1875,  inclusive,  was  71!),351  tons. 

Nil  DCS  of  iron  mines  and  furnaces, 
with  location,  on  the  Marquette. 
Houghton  &  Ontonogon  Railroad: 
M;vquet!e  and  Pacific  furnace,  Mar- 
quet:e;  Carp  fur;  ace,  Marquette; 
Grace  furnace,  Marque' tc;  Bancroft  furnace,  Ban- 
croft; .Morgan  furnace,  Morgan;  Rolling  Mill  mine, 
Ncgauncc;  McCombcr  mine,  Ncgaunce;  Jackson 
mine,  Ncgauncc;  New  York  mine,  Ishpcm'ng; 
Clevelar.d  mine,  Ishpcming;  Lake  Superior  mine, 
Jshpeming;  Lake  Angelinc  mine,  Ishpcmirg;  Sagi- 
na\ir  mine,  Saginaw;  Winthrop  mine,  Sagir.aw; 
Shenango.  mine,  Snginaw ;  Greenwood  furnace, 
Greenwood;  Michigan  furiiucc,  Clarksburg;  Wash- 
ingti  n  mine,  Ilumbokl'.;  Ed  wards  mine,  Hiimholdt; 
Franklin  mine,  lliimboldl;  Iliiugcrford  mine, 
Hiimholdt;  Republic  mine,  Republic;  Klomanmine, 
Republic;  Pc-insula  mine,  Republic;  Metropolis 
mine,  Republic;  Eric  mine,  Republic;  Cur.r.on 
mine,  Republic;  Keystone  mine,  Champion;  Cham- 
pion mine,  Champion;  Michigammi  mine,  Michi- 
gainmi;  Ilarncy  mine,  Michigamtni;  Spurr  mine, 
Spurr;  Steward  mine,  Spurr. 

Again  referring  to  L'Anse,  we  vould  say,  that 
here  close  connection  is  made  wi:h  the  staunch  iron 
•tca/ncr  "Ivanlioe,"  belonging  to  the  L'Anse, 


Houghton  &  Hancock  Transit  Company,  wfiich 
runs  to  the  port  of  Houghton,  the  distributing 
point  for  the  copper  district,  embracing  Houghton 
county  and  a  part  of  Kcwecuaw  Point.  The  steam- 
boat trip  from  L'Anse  to  Portage  lake  occupies 
about  three  hours,  the  steamer  passing  through  the 
beautiful  sheet  of  water  known  us  Kcwecnaw  bay, 
and  the  picturesque  Portage,  river  and  lake,  all  of 
which  arc  renowned  for  their  scenic  cflccts,  etc. 
Portage  hike  is  noted  as  the  site  of  a  number  of 
thriving  industries,  •which  include  stamp  mills, 
copper  smelting  works,  foundries,  machine  shops, 
candle  facto'ics,  copper  rolling  mill,  saw  and  plan- 
ing mills,  etc.,  etc.  Portage  lake  has  two  thriving 
towns',  Houghton  and  Hancock.  The  former  is  the 


The  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  Minn.— page  94. 


county  scat  of  Hough! on  county.  Its  situation,  on 
the  side  of  a  lull,  is  an  attractive  one,  and  its  excel- 
lent hotel,  one  of  the  best— The  Northwest— makes 
the  place  a  desirable  summer  resort.  All  the  great 
coppcrmines  of  Lake  Superior  can  be  reached  from 
this  town  within  an  hour  and  a  half.  On  the  oppo- 
site or  north  side  of  I'brtagc  lake  is  the  flourishing 
town  of  Hancock,  which  is  the  western  terminus  of 
the  Mineral  Range  Railro::d.  a  line  of  narrow  gauge 
railway,  in  operation  between  (he  famous  Calumet 
and  Ilechi  mine  nnd  Portage  lake.  During  the 
season  of  navigation,  all  points  of  interest  on  Lake 
Superior,  including  (he  silver  mines  of  Ontonagon, 
the  copper  mine's  of  I.<lc  Loyal,  the  North  Shore 
silver  mines,  Duliith,  Bay  field,  Superior  City,  etc., 
can  le  reached  from  Porta-.-c  lake,  it  being  the 
eastern  and  southern  terminal  point  for  a  line  of 
stiamcrs,  calling  at  all  the  localities  named.  The 
climate  of  Portage  lake  in  the  summer  is  one  of 
the  most  diliciom  on  Hie  American  continent,  ard, 
:isid<:  from  its  great  attraction  as  the  Kite  of  the 


THE  NOKTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


largest  copper  industry  in  the  world,  the  tourist  or 
pleasure  seeker  will  find  much  to  interest  in  study- 
ing the  scenery  on  either  side  of  the  lake.  The- 
section  also  affords  some  excellent  trout  streams. 

Names  of  silver  and  copper  mines  in  the  Lake 
Superior  country,  which  may  be  reached  via  Mar- 
quette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  and 
steamers  from  L'Anse :  Copper— Calumet  and 
Hecla,  Copper  Harbor,  Atlantic,  Hancock,  Eagle 
River,  Pewabic,  Allonez,  Franklin,  Osceola,  Phoe- 
nix, Quincy,  Albany  and  Bos.  Silver — Superior, 
Cleveland,  Collins,  Ontonagon,  Pittsburg,  Excel- 
sior, Scrantou,  Luzerne,  and  several  others. 

PORTAGE  LAKE  is  an  irregular  body  of  water, 
about  twenty  miles  in  length,  extending  nearly 
across  Keweenaw  Point  to  within  two  miles  of  Lake 


The  Mills  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.— page  90. 


Superior.  Steamers  and  sail-vessels  drawing  12 
feet  can  pass  through  Portage  Entry,  and  navigate 
the  lake  with  safety.  This  body  01  water  was  an  old 
and  favorite  thoroughfare  for  the  Indians,  and  the 
Jesuit  Fathers  who  first  discovered  and  explored 
this  section  of  the  country.,  During  the  winter 
months  the  atmosphere  is  very  clear  and  transpar- 


ent in  the  vicinity  of  Houghton,  and  all  through 
Keweenaw  Point;  objects  can  be  seen  at  a  great 
distance  on  a  clear  day,  while  sounds  are  conveyed 
distinctly  through  the  atmosphere,  presenting  a 
phenomenon  peculiar  to  all  northern  latitudes. 
This  is  the  season  of  health  and  pleasure  to  the 
permanent  residents. 

PORTAGE  AND  LAKE  SUPERIOR  SHIP  CANAL.  This 
important  work  was  commenced  in  1868,  and 
finished  in  1873,  at  a  cost  of  about  $2,500,000.  Its 
length  is  2^  miles,  with  piers  600  feet  in  length, 
extending  out  into  Lake  Superior  on  the  north, 
affording  a  safe  entrance  for  downward  bound 
vessels.  The  canal  is  100  feet  wide,  15  feet  deep, 
with  banks  rising  from  20  to  35  feet  above  the 
water.  At  its  southern  entrance  into  Portage  lake, 
8  miles  above  Houghton,  it  runs 
through  a  low  marshy  piece  of 
ground,  then  enters  the  lake 
about  half  a  mile  wide.  Below 
Houghton  it  connects  with  the 
Portage  Lake  and  River  Improve- 
ment, 14  miles  in  length,  making 
the  distance  across  from  lake  to 
lake,  24  miles. 

HANCOCK,  Honghton  county, 
Michigan,  is  situated  on  the 
north  side  of  Portage  lake,  oppo- 
site to  the  village  of  Houghton, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
steam  ferry  and  a  bridge.  The 
town  was  first  laid  out  in  1858, 
and  now  contains  about  2,000  in- 
habitants, including  the  mining 
population  on  the  north  side  of 
the  lake,  its  sudden  rise  and 
prosperity  being  identified  with 
the  rich  deposit  of  native  copper 
in  which  this  section  of  country 
abounds.  The  site  of  the  village 
is  on  a  side-hill  rising  from  the 
lake  level  to  a  height  of  about 
500  feet,  where  the  openings  to 
the  mines  arc  situated.  Here  are 
one  congregational,  one  method- 
ist,  and  one  Roman  catholic 
church;  two  banks,  two  public 
houses,  the  Sumner  Mine  and 
stamping-mill,  a  number  of  stores  and  warehouses, 
one  steam*  saw  mill,  one  barrel  factory,  one 
foundry  and  machine  shop,  and  other  manufac- 
turing establishments.  In  the  vicinity  are  four 
extensive  steam  stamping  mills,  worked  by  the 
different  mining  companies— the  Quincy,  Pewa 
bic  and  Franklin, 


FROM  MARQUETTE  TO  DULUTH,  VIA  STEAMER. 


From  Marqnette,  or  from  Houghton,  you  can  take 
steamer  to  Isle  Royale,  Silver  Islet,  and  Duluth. 

The  steamers  leave  Marquette  in  the  morning, 
and  pass  by  the  Huron  islands,  Manitou  Island, 
Keweenaw  Point,  past  Fort  William,  Eagle  Harbor, 
Eagle  River,  Ontonagon,  the  Pewabic  Copper 
Mines,  Copper  Harbor,  Ashland,  Bayfleld,  and  so 
up  to  Fond  du  Lac  and  Dulnth.  We  have  an  attract- 
ive trip,  on  magnificent  boats,  o/er  the  largest  lake 


in  the  world.  Lake  Superior  is  noted  for  its  clear,, 
cold  water  (it  being  so  clear  that  from  the  deck  of 
the  steamer  you  can  plainly  see  the  great  lake  trout 
playing  in  the  water  forty  feet  below  the  surface); 
you  pass  within  sight  of  the  shores  of  the  lake, 
which  are  in  many  places  mountainous,  and  clothed 
in  the  verdure  of  the  pine,  hemlock,  spruce,  fir,  and 
other  evergreen  trees.  A  more  delightful  trip  for 
the  hot  days  of  summer  cannot  be  had  within  the 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


75 


bounds  of  the  American  continent.  The  steamers 
are  large,  staunch,  finely  equipped,  and  commanded 
by  officers  whose  superiors  in  courtesy  and  kind- 
ness cannot  be  found  anywhere. 

You  can  visit  Dnluth  and  Marquette  during  same 
trip,  going  to  Duluth  via  St.  Paul,  and  returning  via 
Marquette,  or  vice  versa,  if  you  procure  the  round 
trip  tickets  issued  by  the  Chicago  &  North- Western 
Kailway,  at  Chicago.  The  following  letter  gives 
gome  idea  of  a  trip  by  steamer  on  Lake  Superior: 

" '  To  Duluth  via  the  North  Shore  and  Silver 
Island,'  is  an  announcement  I  read  in  a  Marquette 
newspaper  on  Monday  last.  I  lost  no  time  in  se- 
curing passage  on  the  splendid  steamer  St.  Paul, 
of  Ward's  Lake  Superior  Line.  Leaving  Marquette 
on  the  following  jnorning, 
favored  by  a  cloudless  sky 
and  an  unruffled  sea,  the  ran 
to  Houghton  and  Hancock 
was  enjoyably  made  in  about 
eight  hours.  Several  substan- 
tial stone  buildings  are  being 
constructed  in  Houghton, 
while  the  narrow-gauge  rail- 
road from  Hancock  to  the 
Calumet  Mine—a  distance  of 
twelve  miles—and  the  lively 
business  it  does,  give  to  Han- 
cock a  metropolitan  aspect. 

"As  the  day  was  fading 
into  nisrht,  our  boat  steamed 
down  the  copper-colored  lake 
(Portage  lake),  amid  rugged 
scenery — forest-covered  hills 
towering  on  each  side,  and, 
eight  .miles  distant,  entered 
Portage  Lake  canal.  This  cut 
is  without  locks,  is  one  hun- 
dred feet  wide,  two  and  one- 
quarter  miles  long,  has  a  good 
depth  of  water,  and  cost 
$2,500,000.  At  its  Lake  Supe- 
rior end  a  locomotive  head- 
light, perched  upon  what  re- 
sembled a  primitive  pigeon- 
coop,  lighted  us  out  into  the 
lake.  With  the  prow  of  our 
vessel  turned  northward,  and 
the  Captain's  assurance  that 
daylight  would  bring  us  to 
Silver  Islet,  the  hundred  or 
more  excursionists  turned 
into  their  berths. 

"  Isle  Royale  first  came  in  sight.  The  vast  min- 
eral deposits  there  discovered,  attract  to  it  much 
attention.  It  is  situated  within  thirty  miles  of  the 
north  shore,  and  a  natural  wonderment  la  how  It 
came  to  be  included  within  the  United  States.  The 
simple  fact  is,  that  when  the  treaty  defining  the 
boundary  line  was  made,  the  British  Commissioner 
did  not  know  its  value,  while  Benjamin  Franklin, 
the  American  Commissioner,  did.  During  his  resi- 
dence in  Paris,  as  Ambassador  of  the  United  States, 
he  had  discovered  among  the  French  archives  the 
reports  of  Jesuit  explorers,  dating  back  to  1630, 
which  announced  the  existence  of  rich  copper- 
deposits  on  this  island.  Keeping  this  information 
tn  himself,  when  the  treaty  was  being  drawn  up, 


ho,  without  assigning  a  reason,  insisted  upon  this 
island  being  secured  to  the  United  States.  The 
British  did  not  deem  it  worth  while  to  object. 
Franklin  then  wrote  home  that  he  had  secured  for 
the  Republic  all  the  copper  the  country  would  ever 
need.  He  had  then  no  idea  that  rich  deposits  of 
the  same  ore  would  be  found  throughout  Keweenaw 
Point. 

"  The  island  is  about  fifty  miles  long  by  ten  in 
width.  Its  surface  is  rugged,  and  inviting  only  in 
midsummer.  Its  shores  are  indented  with  numer- 
ous bays  and  inlets,  capable  of  floating  the  largest 
craft.  Near  the  middle  of  the  island  are  two  lakes 
— Desor  and  Siskawit. 

"A  vein  of  silver  was  opened  in  the  western  end 


White  Bear  Lake,  Minn.— page  91. 


of  the  island,  and,  as  it  lies  on  the  same  range  as 
Silver  Islet,  it  is  believed  that  silver  ore  predomi- 
nates. But  the  fabulous  reports  about  Silver  Island 
—of  pure  silver  nuggets,  large  as  a  man's  head, 
found  in  its  matchless  vein— engrossed  our.  curiosity 
and  challenged  our  belief.  To  the  Indians  it  was 
not  unknown.  For  many  years  they  had  exhibited 
silver  specimens  to  the  citizens  of  Ontonagon,  on 
the  south  shore,  but  could  not  be  induced  to  reveal 
the  location  of  the  mine. 

"Among  the  thousands  'of  islands  of  varying 
size  which  cluster  along  the  north  shore,  Silver 
Islet  seems  like  a  mere  speck  on  the  surface.  At 
no  point  was  it  more  than  five  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  lake,  while  its  dimensions  were  less  than 


76 


THE  NORTH  ASTD  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


eighty  feet  square.  When  its  marvelous  value  was 
discovered,  the  obstacles  in  the  way  of  opening  the 
vein  seemed  insurmountable.  The  islet  is  about  a 
mile  distant  from  the  main  land,  upon  which  the 
settlement  is  located.  More  than  five  hundred  feet 
of  crib-work  has  been  thrown  out  in  the  form  of  a 
square,  starting  from  the  middle  of  the  islet,  and 
running  southeast.  Inside  this  protection,  and 
around  the  richest  part  of  the  vein,  a  coffer-dam 
has  been  constructed.  A  shaft  has  been  let  down 
to  the  sixth  level— about  four  hundred  feet— at 
which  depth  good  ore  is  now  being  mined.  The 
operations  of  silver  and  copper  mining  are  "imilar. 
The  opening  of  the  shaft  rarely  exceeds'  six  feet 
square.  The  veins  are  reached  by  what  are  termed 
"levels."  On  Silver  Islet  they  are  about  seventy 
feet  apart.  After  a  vein  has  been  followed  as  far 
as  thought  profitable,  the  shaft  is  sunk  ten  feet 
deeper,  when  thu  vein  below  is  reached.  The  waste 
material  thrown  out  has  been  used  to  fill  in  around 
the  island,  thus 
largely  increasing 
its  dimensions. 
Upon  this  made 
ground,  and  upon 
piles  driven  in, 
numerous  build- 
ings have  been 
erected.  Liosely 
lying  around  the 
islet  are  piles 
of  rocks  taken 
from  underground 
which  arc  said  to 
contain  mo'C  sil- 
ver than  is  found 
in  the  most  pro- 
fitable mines  in 
Nevada  and  Col- 
orado. 

"  Six  miles  west 
of  bilvcr  Islet, 
Thunder  Cape 


Oak  Crove  House,  Cedar  Lake,  Minn.— page  91. 


juts  far  out  into  the  water,  and  looms  up  fully 
1,350  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake.  This  bold 
promontory  presents  a  grand  aspect — the  most 
striking  on  the  north  shore.  It  marks  the  entrance 
to  Thunder  Bay,  in  which  Prince  Arthur's  Lauding 
end  Fort  William— both  considerable  settlements- 
arc  situated.  In  some  places  Thunder  Bay  rises 
from  the  water  almost  perpendicularly,  present- 
ing a  basaltic  appearance,  while  it  is  rendered 
more  awful  from  its  having  upon  its  summit  an 
extinct  volcano.  The  Canadian  Government  has 
located  a  lighthouse  at  its  highest  point.  From 
its  summit  magnificent  views  arc  obtained  of  the 
majestic  scenery  in  the  vicinity.  Islands,  varying 
in  length  from  one  hundred  feet  to  half  that  num- 


ber of  miles,  are  seen  as  thickly  strewed  as  are  the 
Thousand  Islands  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Within  a 
dozen  miles  north  they  are  counted  by  hundreds. 

"  Indian  tribes  still  roam  over  the  vast  territory 
from  Lake  Superior  to  Hudson's  Bay  on  the  north. 
The  mountainous  peaks  they  regard  with  especial 
veneration  and  awe,  associating  with  them  fabulous 
legends.  They  believed  the  thunder-clouds  were 
gigantic  birds,  whose  nests  were  on  the  highest 
hills,  and  whose  cries  were  heard  afar  of.  The 
head  they  assumed  resembled  an  eagle's,  having  on 
one  side  a  wing  and  a  paw,  and  on  the  other  an  arm 
and  one  foot.  The  lightning  was  supposed  to  issue 
'from  the  beak  through  the  paw,  by  which  it  was 
launched  forth  in  fiery  darts  over  the  country. 
From  this  superstition  the  locality  became  invested 
with  the  name  Thunder. 

"Bounding  Thunder  Bay  on  the  south  is  Pie 
Island.  The  Indians  name  it  after  the  Tortoise. 
It  is  eight  miles  long  by  five  miles  wide,  and  in  one 
_  place  rises  to  an 
altitude  of  eight 
hundred  and  fifty 
feet.  The  highest 
point  is  basaltic, 
resembling  the 
Hudson  river  pali- 
sades. 

"  Westward, 
along  the  shore, 
the  prospect  is 
ever  pleasing. 
There  is  the  t  ame. 
rugged,  mountain- 
ous shore,  cover- 
ed with  spruce, 
pine,  birch,  •  bal- 
sam, and  cedar 
trees.  About  one 
hundred  and  twen- 
ty miles  northeast 
from  Duluth,  the 
boundary  line  is 


defined  by  a  small  trout  stream,  called  Pigeon 
river,  which  empties  into  a  beautiful  bay  of  the 
same  name.  Our  very  obliging  captain,  Albert 
Stewart,  ran  into  the  bay  to  the  mouth  of  the  river 
— five  miles  from  the  lake — simply  to  enable  us  to 
view  the  grand  scenery  and  the  insignificantly 
small  boundary  line.  Majestic  hills,  covered  with 
thick  foliage,  encircle  the  bay.  About  a  mile  up 
the  river,  water  falls  ninety  feet  into  a  chasm,  then 
rushes  through  a  gorge  into  the  bay.  At  this 
remarkable  spot  one  white  man— Capt.  Parker— 
dwelis,  fishing  and  hunting  in  British  or  American 
territory,  at  his  pleasure. 

"  Ten   hours   subsequent   sail    brought    us   to 
Duluth." 


Please  retrace  your  heading  a  few  pages,  and  you  will  find  that  at  Harvard  Junc- 
tion, 62  miles  from  Chicago,  a  line  of  this  road  diverged  westwardly.  This  we  will 
now  follow  up  and  see  of  what  it  consists. 

THE  CHICAGO,  MADISON  &  ST.  PAUL  LINE. 

When  first  opened,  this  was  known  as  "  THE  ELTCOY  ROUTE,"  and  was  named 
from  the  City  of  Elroy,  through  which  it  passes.  This  through  line  consists  of  the 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  from  Chicago  to  Elroy,  (Wisconsin  Division  Chicago 
to  Harvard  Junction,  and  Madison  Division  Harvard  Junction  to  Elroy),  and  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railway  from  Elroy  to  St.  Paul,  with  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad 
to  make  up  its  Minneapolis  extension.  The  line  is  here,  as  it  should  be,  treated  and 
looked  upon  as  one  line,  as  it  is  so  operated,  advertised  and  fostered.  It  is  essentially 
a  great  through  route,  and  as  far  as  the  public  see,  know,  or  can  feel,  is  but  one  rail- 
road. Its  trains  of  Pullman  Palace  Drawing  Room  Sleeping  cars  run  through 
without  change  twice  daily  between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  and  no  break  is  made 
in  the  journey.  We  woull  here  say  this  is  tfte  only  road  that  runs  Pullman  Palace  cars 
between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  by  any  route. 

Leaving  Chicago  from  the  Wisconsin  Division  depot  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway,  on  the  corner  of  West  Kinzie  and  Canal  streets,  the  route  of 
its  trains  follows  the  line 
of  the  route  we  have  de- 
scribed for  the  Green  Bay 
&  Lake  Superior  Line,  as 
far  as  Harvard  Junction, 
63  miles  from  Chicago  ; 
thence  it  passes  through 
Rock,  Dane,  Sauk,  Juneau, 
Mouroe,  Jackson,  Eau 
Claire,  Dunn  and  St.  Croix 
counties,  in  Wisconsin, 
crosses  the  St.  Croix  river 
at  Hudson,  and  passes 
through  Washington  andi 
into  Ramsey  county,  in 
Minnesota,  'to  St.  Paul  and  I 
to  Honnepin  county,  at! 
Minneapolis.  Along  this 
line  is  some  striking  scen- 
ery— first,  the  beautifully 
cultivated  and  fertile  val- 
leys of  Rock  county;  then! 
the  charming  lake  region  i 
inDanc  county,  and  around 
the  capital  of  the  State, 
Madison  ;  then  the  broken  and  picturesque  valley  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  followed  by 
the  wild,  weird,  grand  and  awe-inspiring  scenery  along  the  Baraboo  river  and  around 
that  mystery,  Devil's  Lake;  succeeded  by  the  striking  views  along  the  valley  of 
the  Baraboo,  and  the  almost  mountain  county  of  Monroe,  soon  left  for  the  resin- 
ous "piney  woods,"  with  their  logging  camps,  and  streams  filled  with  rafts  or  lined 
with  mills;  to  be  again  followed  by  the  fertile  wheat  fields  .of  St.  Croix  county,  and 
the  ever  beautiful  and  romantic  valley  of  the  St.  Croix  river,  with  its  "Dalles,"  Cas- 
tle Rock,  Willow  Falls,  etc.;  and  at  last  Minnesota,  that  Innd  of  lake  and  pure  running 
streams.  No  other  route  can  show  a  tithe  of  the  attractions  that  are  here  offered,  not 
only  to  the  sum:.-.cr  tourist,  or  the  transient  guest,  but  also  to  the  staid  business  man, 
or  to  him  "  who  comes  to  stay."  Prairie  and  lake,  valley  and  mountain,  breezy  odor- 
ous woods,  end  quiet  vineyard  and  farm  scenes,  follow  in  charming  succession,  so  that 
none  can  complain  of  sameness  or  monotony.  To  the  lover  of  the  quiet,  as  well  as  to 
him  who  tielights  in  the  grand  and  sublime,  this  route  offers  peculiar  charms,  and 


Lake  Mlnnetonka,  Minn.— page  9O. 


THE  NORTH  AXD  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


none  pass  over  it  once  without  desiring  to  do  so  not  only  again,  but  again  and  yet 
again,  so  great  are  its  attractions.  . 


THE  ROUTE  TO  ST.  PAUL  AND  MINNEAPOLIS. 

We  will  leave  the  Wisconsin  Division  at  Harvard  Junction,  and  pass  northwest- 
wardly on  to  the  Madison  Division  with  the  through  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  train.    At 

Roscoe,  85  miles  from  Chicago,  we  reach  a  pretty 
•village  of  600 people,  in  Winnebago  county,  Illinois, 
on  Rock  river.  Two  large  creeks,  the  North  and 
South  Kinikinick,  here  enter  Rock  river,  and  fur- 
nish a  very  fine  water  power,  that,  as  yet,  has  been 
utilized  but  little— two  flour  mills  and  two  plow 
factories  only  being  in  operation  on  it.  The  vil- 


Lake  Mlnnetonka,  Minn.— page  90. 


lage  contains  one  school,  with  three  teachers;  two 
churches  and  two  hotels.  Saloons,  or  "  whisky 
shops,"  are  not  tolerated;  liquor  is  not  permitted 
to  be  sold  within  a  mile  of  the  village.  Four  miles 
east  of  Roscoe  are  seven  springs,  from  which  it  is 
claimed  seven  varieties  of  medicinal  mineral  waters 
flow. 

Beloit,  91  miles  from  Chicago.  Here  we  have  a 
fine  manufacturing  city  of  5,tXX)  people.  It  is  on 
Rock  river,  a  portion  of  the  city  being  in  Wisconsin 
and  the  other  portion  being  in  Illinois,  the  State  line 
actually  passing  through  the  freight  houses  of  this 
road.  The  society  of  Beloit  is  above  the  average, 
and  is  claimed  to  be  so  from  the  fact  that  it  is  a 
"  college  town,"  and  the  seat  of  fine  educational 
institutions.  Beloit  College,  founded  in  1847,  has 
nine  professors  and  an  average  yearly  attendance 
of  200  students,  is  the  pride  of  the  city,  and  has 
been  designated  "The  Yale  of  the  West."  The 


public  schools  of  the  city  rank  high;  its  high  school 
building,  said  to  be  the  best  in  the  State,  cost 
$30,000.      The  city  contains  several  large  paper 
mills,  agricultural  implement  factories,  a  scale  fac- 
tory, wind  mill  factory,  and  a  variety  of  other  m-anu- 
•  factories,  which,  together,  employ  over  700  men. 
The  iedo-magnesian  springs  are  coming  into  noter 
by  reason  of  their  unquestioned 
remedial  virtues.     The  springs- 
are  owned  by  a  company,  having 
ample  capital  to  thoroughly  de- 
velop any  merits  found  in  them. 
The  country   surrounding    the 
city    is   charmingly  diversified 
and   highly  cultivated.       Rock 
river   here,    besides    supplying- 
.  ample  water   power,   also    fur- 
nishes fine   boating   and   most 
excellent  fishing. 

Afton,  98  miles  from  Chicago, 
is  a  village  of  150  people,  one- 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  Rock 
river.  It  has  one  flour  mill,  one 
school  and  one  church. 

Hanover,  104  miles  from 
Chicago.  This  city  was  origi- 
nally called  Plymouth,  after  the 
town  of  that  name  in  Massachu- 
setts. The  earliest  settler,  a  Mr. 
Janes,  who  gave  his  name  to  the 
city  of  Janesville,  found  a  large 
sandstone  rock  that  was  easily 
worked,  and  out  of  it  he  bur- 
rowed a  house,  with  three  rooms, 
and  lived  in  it  for  15  years. 
This  singular  and  unique  house 
still  stands,  and  can  be  seen 
from  the  train  as  if,  passes  near 
the  village.  The  village  is  built 
on  both  sides  of  Bass  creek. 


contains  about  200  people,,  and  has  two  hotels — 
The  Fincham  and  The  Gilbert  Houses.  At  this 
point  we  cross  the  SOUTHERN  WISCONSIN  DIVISION 
of  the  MILWAUKEE  &  ST.  PAUL  RAILWAY,  and  form 
the  short  and  direct  route  between.  Chicago  and 
Orford,  Brodhead,  Judar  Monroe,  and  the  many 
villages  tributary  thereto.  Close  connections  are 
always  made  here,  and  passengers  destined  for  the 
above-named  points  should  buy  their  tickets  to- 
Janesville  or  Hanover,  over  the  Chicago  &  North- 
Western  Railway. 

Footville,  107  miles  from  Chicago,  population, 
400.  For  three  years  this  was  the  railway  terminus, 
and  at  that  time  had  a  large  and  lucrative  trade.  It 
now  contains  two  large  cheese  factories,  good 
schools,  three  churches,  and  two  hotels.  An  im- 
mense honey-combed  rock,  known  as  "  The  Queen 
of  the  Prairie,"  is  a  local  curiosity. 

Magnolia,  111  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village 


Tin:  CHICAGO  <fe  NORTH.WBSTERN  RAILWAY. 


of  300  people,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  rich  prairie 
-  fanning  country. 

Kvansville,  116  miles  from  Chicago,  has  a 
population  of  3,000,  and  is  an  important  stage  centre. 
A  tri-weekly  line  runs  to  JANESVILLE  and  I'nion. 
(which  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  State,  and 
before  the  days  of  railroads  was  the  most  important 
town  on  the  stage  line  between  Milwaukee  and 
Mineral  Point),  and  a  daily  line  to  Albany,  18  miles 
east.  The  village  is  built  on  elevated  ground  on 
the  banks  of  Albues  creek,  and  is  a  place  of  con- 
siderable manufacturing  importance;  a  wind  mill 
factory,  employing  30  men  ;  a  furniture  factory, 
25  men;  a  boot  and  shoe  factory,  75  men,  and  using 
$100,000  capital;  and  ten  or  twelve  cheese  factories. 
The  publiic  school  building  cost  $16,000,  and  "The 
Seminary,"  $10,000.  One  public 
hall  will  seat  500  people.  The 
Spencer  House  is  the  best  tiotel, 
has  25  rooms  for  guests,  and 
charges  $2  per  day.  A  line  of 
railroad,  some  years  since,  occu-  ji;£ 
pied  the  attention  of  the  citi- 
zens of  this  city,  Janesvile,  and 
the  country  between  them,  but 
at  present  no  trains  pass  over 
the  intervening  space. 

Brooklyn,  122  miles  from 
Chicago,  has  a  population  of  300, 
and  is  in  Green  county,  30  miles 
from  Monroe,  its  capital.  One 
cheese  factory  here  makes  1,200 
Ibs.  of  cheese  daily,  all  of  which 
is  shipped  to  Hull,  in  England, 
Belleville,  Dayton,  and  New 
Glarus  are  tributary,  and 
reached  from  this  point. 

Oregon,  128  miles  from  Chi 
cago,  formerly  called  Home  Cor- 
ners, is  a  village  of  500  pepple, 
h:i\  in<*  one  graded  school,  two 
churches,  and  one  hotel. 

Syene,  133  miles  from  Chi- 
cago, is  not  an  important  station. 
Verona  Corners  imd  Paola  are 
tributary.  Lake  Waulusa  is  2'/£ 
miles  distant,  and  affords  fine 
lishi::-. 

Muiiison,  138  miles  from 
<  Hiirau'o.  The  city  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  an  isthmus,  about  three-fourths  of 
a  mile  wide,  between  lakes  Mendota  and  Monona. 
in  the  centre  of  a  broad  valley,  surrounded  by 
heights  from  which  it  can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of 
several  miles.  Lake  Mendota  lies  northwest  of  the 
town,  is  six  miles  long  and  four  miles  wide,  with 
clean  gravelly  shores,  and  a  depth  sufficient  for  navi- 
gation by  steamboats.  Lake  Monona  is  somewhat 
smaller.  A  great  many  efforts  have  been  made 
to  depict  the  beauties  of  the  location;  but  no  words 
can  convey  an  adequate  idea  of  what  is,  indeed, 
indescribable.  The  reason  of  this  is  that  every 
new  point  of  observation  creates  a  shifting  pano- 
rama—that no  two  exhibit  the  same  scenery.  From 
any  considerable  elevation,  a  circuit  of  nearly  30 
miles  in  every  direction  is  visible.  Four  lakes  lie 
embosomed  like  gems,  shining  in  the  midst  of 
groves  of  forest  trees,  while  the  gentle  swells  of 


the  prairies,  dotted  over  by  fields  and  farms,  lend  a 
charm  to  the  view  which  words  cannot  depict. 
•From  the  dome  of  the  Capitol  to  the  dome  of  the 
State  University,  the  whole  bearing  and  aspect  of 
the  country  is  so  changed  as  scarcely  to  be  recog- 
nized as  identical.  On  the  west,  the  lofty  peak  of 
the  West  Blue  Mound,  25  miles  away,  towers  up 
against  the  sky,  like  a  grim  sentinel  guarding  the 
gateway  toward  the  setting  sun,  while  the  interme- 
diate setting  is  filled  in  with  swelling  hills,  majestic 
slopes,  levels,  and  valleys  of  rivers  and  rivulets. 
Madison  is  the  centre  of  a  circle,  whose  natural 
beauties  compass  all  that  is  charming  to  the  eye, 
grateful  to  the  senses,  pleasing  to  the  imagination, 
and,  which,  from  their  variety  and  perfection,  never 
grow  tedious  or  tiresome  to  the  spectator.  The 


The   Dalles 


of  The  St.  Louis,  near  North  Pacific 
Junction,  Minn.— page  01. 

good  taste  of  the  citizens  has  preserved  the  native 
forest  trees,  so  that  its  dwellings  are  embowered  in 
green,  and  buried  in  foliage  in  the  proper  season,  to 
that  extent  that  the  whole  city  cannot  be  seen  from 
any  point  of  view.  It  is,xin  itself,  unique,  like  its 
surroundings,  and  the  transient  traveler  gains  no 
conception  of  the  place  by  barely  passing  through  it. 
MaJison  has  many  good  hotels — among  these  we 
may  confidently  name  The  Park  House,  M.  H.  Irish, 
proprietor,  and  The  Vilas  House,  P.  B.  Parsons  & 
Co.,  proprietors.  The  Lake  Side  House,  W.  Roos, 
proprietor,  on  south  side  of  Lake  Monona,  has  one 
hundred  rooms  and  four  cottages  for  rent,  all  fitted 
up  in  good  style.  The  proprietor  of  this  house 
owns  a  steamboat,  that  plies  between  Madison 
proper  airl  his  hotel,  at  such  hours  of  day  or  night, 
as  may  best  accommodate  his  guests. 


80 


THE   NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  Tribune,  of  Chicago,  says  : 

"  There  is  no  more  charming  or  agreeable  route 
for  summer  travel  than  the  or.e  that  leads  hither  by 
the  Chicago  &  North-Wcstern  Railway,  for  it  runs 
through  a  country  rich  in  farming  privileges,  and  in 
wild  natural  beauty,  and  through  towns  and  villages 
which  arc  all  connected,  by  their  commercial  inter- 
ests, with  the  Garden  City,  through  that  great  life- 
giving  artery,  tho  railroad— the  second  home  of  all 
America-i  people.  The  trip  is  short  and  pleasant. 
The  live-hour  ride  is  pleasantly  diversified  by  the 
occasional  stoppages  at  stations,  the  getting  off  or 
on  of  passengers,  and  at  noon  by  sitti»"  iown  to  a 
good  dinner  at  Harvard  Junction.  E  en  Charles 


Mineral  Springs,  Sparta,  Wis.,  on  C.  &.  tt 

Dickens  himself  would  have  been  satisfied  with  the 
cooking  and  appointments.  You  do  not  have  to  bolt 
your  food,  or  amble  up  to  a  high  counter  and  make  a 
shy,  hit  or  miss,  at  a  tall  stool,  whereon  yon  sit  to 
eat  soggy  doughnuts  and  drink  inky  coffee;  but  you 
are  seated  comfortably,  your  order  is  quickly  filled, 
and  your  food  is  excellent.  *  *  *  *  But  we 
have  arrived  at  Madison.  We  are  running  smoothly 
between  two  lakes  apparently,  for  water,  water,  is 
everywhere.  There  is  a  shore,  dimly  outlined  with 
houses  and  trees,  a  great  stretch  of  blue,  rippling 
water,  und  a  compact  little  town,  built  around  a 
beautiful  park,  with  a  State  House  of  surpassing 
beauty:  for  this  is  the  capital  of  Wisconsin,  the 
political  centre. 


"  One  of  the  loveliest  drives  here  is  that  which 
leads  through  the  grounds  of  the  State  University — 
a  prominent  and  elegant  building.  This  drive  is 
the  pet  resort  of  residents  and  tourists,  giving  ex- 
quisite views  of  three  different  lakes,  a  full  and 
complete  panorama  of  the  town,  and  looking  down 
on  the  stately  vhitc  dome  of  the  Capitol,  from 
which  it  ascends  iu  a  straight  and  direct  line  for 
one  mile. 

'•  A  very  popular  place  of  resort  for  pleasure  ia 
the  Lake  Side  Hotel,  just  across  Lake  Moiiona— the 
second  and  most  beautiful  of  the  lakes.  A  pretty 
little  propeller  runs  every  fifteen  minutes  from  the 
city,  and  lands  passengers  a  few  yards  from  the 
hotel.  The  grounds  arc 
spacious,  highly  cultivated, 
and  devoted  entirely  to 
tne  amusement  of  guests. 
There  is  a  large  concert- 
hall,  where  the  Madison 
Band  discourses  sweet  mu 
sic,  and  visitors  sit  aroum 
at  small  tables  and  drink 
lemonade  or  beer.  The 
house  is  large  and  commo- 
dious. 

' '  The  lakes  here  abound 
in  choice  fish,  —  pickerel, 
bass,  pike,  perch,  and 
uhitefish.  Men  and  wo- 
men make  it  a  business  to 
go  out  trolling  for.  fish. 
They  sit  iu  the  boat  :md 
row  about  gently,  letting 
the  line  drag  after,  with  it 
metallic  spoon  whirling  i. 
the  clear  water,  and  entic 
ing  silly  fish  to  their  cruel 
end.  *  *  *  * 
The  broad  full  mooi 
risen,  and  is  lookin; 
down  on  the  silent,  sleep- 
ing town.  It  is  midnight. 
„  The  white  houses  gleam 
througtf  the  green  foliag* 
in  serene  beauty.  The  fair 
white  dome,  with  its  man; 
panes,  rises  far  above  ita 
less  aspiring  neighbors, 
and  peers,  white  and 
solemn,  cut  of  its  fair, 
green  setting.  Far  away, 
-W.  Ry.  page  9O.  {he  Wne  waterg  ron  tneir 

endless  volume  of  sound.  From  across  Lake  Mo- 
nona  come<=  the  "tune-turn"  of  the  band,  at  its 
last  tune.  It  is  not  more  musical  than  the  harmo- 
nious blending,  softened  by  distance,  of  the 
cricket's  chirp  and  the  frog's  croak.  Good-bye, 
pretty  lakes  !  Good-bye,  Madison,  sitting  like  a 
queen  on  your  green  hills  in  the  moonlight." 

Mendota,  143  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the  station 
for  the  Wisconsin  hospital  for  the  insane,  which  ie 
located  half  a  mile  from  the  station,  on  the  shore  of 
Lake  Mendota. 

Wannakee,  148  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village 
of  300  people,  in  Dane  county. 

Pane,  153  miles  from  Chicago,  also  in  Dane 
count v.  is  a  small  German  village. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTII-WESTKKN  RAILWAY. 


81 


153  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village,  of 
1,600  population,  is  in  Columbia  county,  which  was 
organized  in  1840,  and  has  a  population  of  29,000. 
The  county  scat  is  at  Portage,  a  city  of  5,000  people, 
18  miles  from  Lodi,  and  reached  by  daily  stage. 
Crystal  lake,  a  beautiful  body  of  water,  one  milo 
square,  is  five  miles  distant,  and  is  reached  by  a 
pleasant  road.  Spring  creek  runs  through  the  vil- 
lage of  Lodi,  and  furnishes  excellent  water  power, 
which  is  utilized  by  two  larsc  flouring  mills.  Poy- 
nette,  10  miles, and  Prairie  du  Sac,  10  miles  distant, 
arc  reached  by  stage  daily;  fare  to  either  place,  50 
cent'".  Lodi  has  a  brick  school  house,  that  cost 
$15,000;  four  churches,  a  large  broom  factory,  a 
cheese  factor}-,  and  two  good  hotels. 

Okec,  101  miles  from 
Chicago.  An  uuimpoitant 
•tation. 

Merrimac,  164  miles 
from  Chicago.  This  vil- 
lage, the  county  scat  of 
Sauk  county,  is  built  0:1  an 
elevated  bluff  on  Wiscon- 
sin river,  (which  is  here 
crossed  by  the  railroad 
on  a  bridge  that  cost 
$103,000).  It  has  200  peo- 
ple, two  hotels,  good 
schools  and  churches,  and 
a  line  trade  with  surround- 
ing country.  Prairie  du 
Sac  and  Sank  City  are  trib- 
utary. Pa'frey's  and  Dor- 
wood's  Gorges,  four  miles 
distant,  arc  worth  visiting. 

Devil's  Lake,  17:2  miles 

•om  Chicago.  Prominent 
•mong  the  summer  resorts 
of  the  Northwest  stands 
the  Devil's  Lake,  in  Sauk 
county,  \Vis.,  30  miles 
north  of  Madison.  It  is 
reached  directly  by  two 
daily  lin;s  of  palace  cars, 
that  leave  Chicago  morn- 
ing and  night,  and  stop  in 
front  of  the  hotel  that  has 
been  opened  for  the  use 
of  the  summer  tourists 
who  Hock  to  t  he  place. 

The  bluffs  of  the  Wisconsin,  at  the  point  where 
the  Baraboo  river  cmbouchcs  into  the  valley,  are 
600  feet  in  height.  In  the  midst  of  this  enormous 
rocky  stratum  is  a  deep  fissure  or  gorge,  depressed 
over  four  hundred  feet  from  the  surface,  hemmed 
in  by  mighty  precipices,  which  constitute  the  basin 
of  a  body  of  water  about  a  mile  and  a  half  in  length 
by  a  half  mile  in  breadth,  known  as  Devil's  Lake. 
It  reposes  1  kc  a  dcwdrop  in  its  mighty  casket, 
and  from  its  profound  depths  reflects  the  ...ark 
shadows  of  the  bccilirg  cr;>g*  that  environ  it.  The 
level  of  the  waters  is  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet 
above  the  Wisconsin  river,  and  it  is  supposed  that 
the  bottom  reaches  below  that  of  the  river.  There  is 
not  in  the  West  a  sample  of  as  bold,  rugged  and 
striking  scenery,  or  any  more  ph  asing  to  the  tourist. 
A  two  hours'  fide  on  the  cais  from  Madison  will 
land  the  visitor  upon  the  shore,  and  a  small  steam  - 


cr  will  give  him  every  opportunity  for  exploration. 
The  whole  section  is  wild  and  full  of  interest. 

The  lake  is  one  of  the  most  wonderful  and  ro- 
mantic spots  in  existence,  and  nothing  to  compare 
with  it  can  be  seen  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
It  has  an  abiding  attraction  for  tourists,  who  return 
to  it  again  and  again,  to  admire  and  enjoy  it.  to 
wonder  at  it,  and  to  puzzle  over  it.  Here,  ages  ago, 
probably  some  terrible  internal  convulsion  rent  the 
earth's  surface,  and  piled  various  strata  of  rock,  of 
immense  size,  from  300  to  600  feet  high,  and  dis- 
posed it  in  every  conceivable  fantastic  form. 
Within  the  basin  thus  made  lies  nestled  a  beautiful, 
placid  lake  of  clear,  pure  water,  which  reflects  on 
its  mirror-like  surface  the  rugged  and  awe-inspiring 


Trout  Falls,  Sparta,  Wis.,  on  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.— page  97. 


barriers  which  environ  it.  It  has  no  visible  inlet 
or  outlet.  It  abounds  in  fish.  Increasing  numbers 
of  tourists  include  it  in  their  round,  now  that  it  has 
become  so  easily  accessible  by  rail.  • 

This  beautiful  body  ot  water  is  surrounded  with 
precipitous  mountains  on  every  side,  except  at  two 
points,  one  being  at  the  southern  end,  where  the 
railroad  enters  the  lake  ba=in,  and  the  other  at  the 
northern  end,  where  the  railroad  finds  exit  from  the 
basin  of  the  lake.  On  every  side  of  the  lake  you 
see  "  rock  piled  on  rock  "in  every  conceivable  form, 
and  in  immense  columns,  pillars,  piles  and  masses 
of  very  great  magnitude  and  height.  The  railroad 
run*  along  the  shore  of  the  lake  on  a  bed  that  was 
literally  blasted  out  of  the  sides  of  the  mountain. 
From  the  car  windows  all  the  beauties  of  this  won- 
derful and  weirdly  mysterious  region  can  readily 
be  seen. 


82 


THE  NORTH  AND  WBSI  ILLUSTRATED. 


We  copy  the  following  letter,  as  it  gives  the  views 
of  one  who  was  last  year  at  this  delightful  sum- 
mer resort,  and  who  was  so  much  pleased,  that  he 
wrote,  hoping  it  would  induce  others  to  go  there, 
and  enjoy  what  the  writer  had  already  experienced  : 

"  Call  this  satisfaction.  The  north  corner  of  a 
light,  cool  gallery,  from  which,  in  the  third  story  of 
the  Swiss  hotel,  it  is  literally  one  step  into  a  young 
wood,  whose  dancing  shadows  almost  play  upon 
this  page,  and  at  whose  feet  lie  scattered  bowlders 
from  the  shattered  rocky  wall  of  the  height  that 
shuts  the  view,  two  rods  from  my  chamber  window. 
This  in  the  rear.  The  other  hand  shows  a  blue 
lake,  crisping  and  brilliant  in  the  wind  that  sweeps 
from  the  west,  cleft  straight  for  the  Cliff:  House, 
setting  every  fibre  of  the  slim  young  poplars  and 


Perch  Lake,  Sparta,  Wis.,  on  C.  &  N.-W.  R'y.— page  97. 


black  oaks  astir,  while  the  nervous  willows  tingle 
in  a  shivering  delight  down  on  the  sand.  If  one 
could  make  you  feel  the  brightness,  the  delight,  of 
this  late  summer  morning,  that  here  wears  the  fresh- 
ness of  spring,  there  would  be  a  hegira  of  linen  coats 
and  straw  hats  for  Devil's  Lake  that  would  make 
the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  glad.  It  is 
good  fortune  to  catch  the  up-tram  one  minute  be- 
fore starting,  and  go  rolling  off  on  the  smooth  track 
of  the  North-Western  Railway,  through  the  rich 
valley  of  Rock  river,  green  and  golden  after  the 
rains,  in  the  splendor  of  harvest,  where  the  glassy 
lights  on  the  varnished  oak  boughs  glitter  for  miles 
of  sloping  woodland  ;  past  the  embowered  dome  at 
Madison,  where  everything  wears  holiday  air,  and 
the  wide,  cool  lakes'tempt  one  for  a  day  and  a  week 
to  find  the  certainty  that  this  capital  is  one  of  the 
loveliest  towns  for  summer-faring,  West  or  East, 
with  its  gardens  and  sails,  and  beautiful  girls,  and 


fun-loving  people.  But  I  had  it  in  heart  to  see  this 
lake  among  the  Wisconsin  hills,  which  had  been, 
neighbor  for  ten  years,  and  yet  I  had  to  come  from 
the  seaboard  to  visit  after  all.  One  good  American 
wasn't  going  away  from  home  forever,  without 
knowing  something  about  Wisconsin's  blue-green 
woods,  and  strange,  isolated  cliffs,  and  mysterious 
lakes,  and  seeing  them  at  their  loveliest,  in  this 
burning  summer,  never  perhaps  to  look  upon  them 
again.  I  did  not  know  Wisconsin  was  so  beautiful. 
"  It  gave  one  a  happy  heartbreak  to  ride  through 
that  region  of  bluff,  and  oak  slope,  and  pointed 
knolls,  that  the  railroad  opens  up  on  either  side, 
after  leaving  the  little  station  of  Dane,  beyond 
Madison.  There  is  a  fullness  of  sunshine  here,  a 
strength  in  the  light,  with  which  hazy  Eastern  sum- 
mers do  not  compare  ;  and 
there  seemed  such  boldness 
in  each  wind-turned  hill,  and 
the  gallant  woods  glittered 
and  flung  their  crests  like 
the  staunch  regiments  that 
did  honor  to  the  State,  till 
the  pleasant  country  seemed 
glad  in  its  own  luxuriance. 
Was  there  a  glamour  in  the 
eyes  that  looked,  or  will 
somebody  say  that  airy 
bridge  across  the  Wiscon- 
sin, beyond  Lodi  —  over- 
which  the  train  runs  at  f  uot 
pace,  giving  passengers  time 
to  mark  the  meeting  of  two 
streams,  whose  banks  were 
wild  with  young,  bright  for- 
est—is not  a  pretty  picture? 
The  wind-work  of  the  plains 
begins  here  in  miniature.  It 
has  rounded,  pointed  and 
smoothed  off  the  sand-hills 
in  odd,  isolated  pinnacles 
and  domes,  that  rise  beyond 
the  line  of  woods  crowding 
to  the  water's  edge,  accent- 
ing a  scene  that  would  be 
fair  to  linger  over,  if  it  had 
only  the  slight,  high  bridge 
spanning  a  gulf  of  green, 
cleft  by  broad,  clear  water- 


beds,  whose  very  sand-bars  the  water-beech  and  wil- 
low have  turned  into  beauty.  The  town  of  Lodi,.- 
which  dates  from  ante-railroad  times,  looks  like  a. 
New  England  village  set  among  bluffy  hills  and 
smothered  in  orchards  and  gardens.  The  railroads 
have  changed  the  air  of  interior  towns  much  for  the 
better.  Farming  in  a  small  way  was  running  itself 
out,  and  all  the  industries  that  depended  on  it;  but 
the  road  gave  things  a  smart  fillip,  and  knocked 
them  into  shape  again.  The  low  element  that  fol- 
low^ railways  has  hardly  had  time  to  put  in  an  ap- 
pearance, or  else  has  been  sent  straight  back  again. 
The  groups  about  the  stations  were  of  pretty,  bright- 
eyed  girls,  cheery  gossips,  in  trim  seersucker  and 
white  cuffs,  waiting  to  see  a  friend,  and  easy-goers 
reading  the  Chicago  papers  thrown  off  the  train. 

"  Another  hour  of  threading  the  green  wilderness 
of  the  Wisconsin,  and,  as  the  sun  was  hanging  low, 
the  train  passed  a  charming  bit  of  a  scene,  a  nook 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


33 


of  vineyard  between  cliffs  whose  tops  could  not  be 
seen,  a  corner  of  luxuriant  garden,  with  long  grape- 
trellis  down  the  middle,  and  a  screen  of  tall  trees 
between  it  and  the  western  height.  It  was  an  aca- 
dian  picture,  and  the  figures  in  summer  dresses  and 
light  hats,  strolling  in  happy  leisure,  did  not  injure 
the  effects.  We  turned  the  corner  of  the  cliff  which 
shut  out  the  lovely  place,  and  the  car*  were  run- 
ning on  the  very  edge  of  a  magically-clear  lake, 
whose  heights  of  tumbled  bowlders  were  almost  in 
reach  from  the  windows  on  the  other  side.  It  was 
lonely  and  lovely  beyond  words.  That  those  rich 
midland  counties  should  hold  in  their  heart  such  a 
desolate,  witching  mystery,  was  like  a  strain  of 
Chopin  in  Mendelssohn's  music.  The  loneliness 
enhanced  the  beauty. 

"  The  next  minute  the  train 
was  stopping  by  a  platform  at 
the  upper  corner  of  the  lake. 
'Cliff  House'  was  shouted, 
and  a  Swiss  cottage,  with 
bright  dresses  on  its  ample 
galleries,  came  to  view 
through  the  trees. 

"  Don't  make  the  mistake  of 
supposing  the  lake,  the  Cliff 
House  and  Baraboo  are  /nixed 
up  together;  but  get  your 
trunks  checked  for  Devil's 
Lake  direct.  Baraboo's  tree- 
lined  streets  sleep  three  miles 
farther  up  the  hills.  Leaving 
trunks  and  checks  to  the  pro- 
vidence of  the  Rail  way  Com- 
pany, I  saw  the  lake  on  one 
side,  the  hotel  on  the  other, 
dropped  off  the  train,  and 
never  have  been  sorry  for 
making  up  my  mind  in  half  a 
minute  on  that  matter. 

"  The  house  is  so  pretty;  and 
it's  something  to  see  a  Sum- 
mer-hotel that  isn't  an   eye- 
sore.   This  ample  Swiss  cot 
tage,  with'  wings  and  galleries 
to  catch  the  breeze,  built  into 
the  slope  of  the  cliff  behind, 
with  croquet-ground  in  front, 
and  just   room  for  the  rail- 
road to  pass  between  it  and 
the    lake,    charmingly  suits 
the  spot.    The  inmates  live  on  the  deep  galleries, 
between  the  breeze  off  the  lake  and  the  rustle  of 
the  forest  beside  it,  but  the  rooms  are  carefully 
provided,  enough  to  make  an  after-dinner  sojourn 
actually  pleasant.    It  is  such  a  contrast  to  a  dozen 
or  two  summer-hotels  East,  that  I  could  name. 
Don't  I  know  their  miseries — the  hard  beds,  worn 
carpets,  and  dilapidations  generally;   the  odious 
kerosene;     the   fried   potatoes— greased   potatoes 
rather — and  frightful  pastry  and  pies;   the  pert, 
curious  waiter-girls  in  Sunday  finery  the  week  long; 
the  landlord,  whose  business  seems  to  be,  putting 
off  till  next  day  whatever  should  be  done  to-day; 
in  fact,  all  the  drawbacks  that  make  people  very 
glad  to  be  at  home  again?   Something  of  the  sort 
I  was  prepared  to  endure,  but  the  Swiss  cottage, 
set  down  here  in  the  wilderness,  put  all  such  ideas 


to  rout.  Its  cool,  clean  halls  and  stairways;  the 
casings  finished  through  the  house  in  varnished 
pine,  that  looks  almost  as  handsome  as  California 
laurel  or  satin-wood ;  the  dainty  neatness  of  every 
fastidious  nook  and  corner,  do  not  prevent  one's 
room-door  from  opening  on  fresh  Brussels,  and 
easy  chairs,  and  French  bedsteads.  Actually,  we 
have  snowy  toilet  covers,  and  walnut  in  the  bed- 
rooms, instead  of  much  worn  paint.  The  beds, 
lily-like  and  soft,  don't  require  that  one  must  be 
tired  to  death  to  rest  on  them,  and  the  quilts  are 
not  of  the  honeycomb  description.  To  look  round 
one's  room,  faultless  in  dainty  order,  and  think  of 
the  scorning  care  bestowed  on  certain  grand  hotels 
in  Saratoga  and  by  the  gef.side,  results  In  unmiti- 
gated happiness  for  the  time.  The  same  bright  and. 


Oastle  Rock,  Sparta,  Wls.,  on  C.  &  N.-W.  Ry.-page  97. 

shining  freshness  is  on  everything,  even  to  the- 
hall-lamp,  which  delighted  my  eyes  with  its  bril- 
liant neatness.  But  there!  you  don't  perhaps  deify 
immaculate  housekeeping  in  detail  to  this  extent. 

"  You  can  judge  how  finding  such  a  deliciously- 
comfortable  home  left  one's  mind  free  to  enjoy  the 
1  scenery.  People  say  it  is  like  Windermere;  and,  if 
desolate  fell,  and  scaur,  and  crag,  belong  to  that 
region,  there  are  enough  of  them  here.  That's  the 
charm  of  it  to  me— its  intense  loneliness.  Banks. 
500  feet  high,  guard  it  on  east  and  west,  with  a 
lower  cliff  walling  in  the  south,  with  a  pass  at  each 
end  for  the  moon  to  rise  through  and  the  wind  to 
creep  in.  These  banks,  topped  with  cliff,  broken 
into  ma'iy  a  needle  and  archway,  are  slopes  of 
disheveled  bowlders,  greenish-gray  with  lichen, 
and  sparsely  relieved  with  growth  of  pine  and 


84 


TUB  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


black  oak,  where  it  gets  a  shelving  foothold.  The 
crass  look  out  of  the  soft  woods,  and  faces  of 
broken  rock,  which  no  kind  forest  can  ever  cover, 
keeping  barren  reminder  of  the  awful  upheaval 
that  shattered  the  fiery  cliffs  of  porphyry,  and 
hurled  them  in  heaps  like  those  of  Samaria.  In 
the  crater  of  the  mountain  this  lake  was  left,  fed 
through  the  crevice  deep  down  in  its  heart,  and 
filled  from  unknown  levels.  That  day  of  the 
Titans  is  over,  and  to-day  we  have  this  inclosed 
lake,  whose  sheltered  air  and  limpid  waters  have 
incomparable  softness.  Such  another  place  for 
invalids  is  not  to  be  found  in  this  Northern  climate. 
The  air  at  this  height— the  rim  of  the  lake  is  300 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  Wisconsin,  I  am  told— 
.Is  always  lively,  always  cool,  yet  tempered  to  that 


The  Warner  House,  Sparta,  Wis.,  on  C.  &.  N.-W.  Ry. 

Pag«  97. 


anything  of  that  sort,  that  might  disparage  other 
watering-places;  but  the  fa.ct  is  that,  as  far  as  air 
and  water  are  concerned,  we  have  simply  the  best 
that  is  to  be  procured. 

"  Talk  of  the  boating  on  Lake  Michigan,  or  Erie, 
or  Tahoe.  Here  is  water  that  one  can  see  through 
like  quartz-crystal  of  the  clearest  sort,  at  fifty  feet 
depth.  It  looks  the  color  of  hock  nearest  the 
shores,  as  boats  put  out  in  it;  and  the  tint  deepens 
till,  past  the  half-way  tree,  floating  down,  iu  175 
feet  soundings',  it  is  the  deep,  ckar  green  that  tells 
of  absolute  purity  in  any  volume  of  water.  I  hope 
never  to  be  called  one  of  the  impressible  ones,  but 
I  am  in  love  with  this  sacred  lake  of  the  Devil,  and 
shall  be  till  I  die. 

"  How  we  amuse  ourselves  is  an  open  qnestion — • 
there  is  so  much  to  be  done  and 
seen,  if  one  goes  at  it  in  an  in- 
telligait  way.  A  steamer,  that 
will  hold  about  fifty  chairs  on 
its  deck  without  guards,  goes 
round  the  lake  several  limes  a 
day;  and  new-comers  twist  their 
necks  under  West  Cliff,  trying 
to  get  a  look  at  the  Turk's  Head, 
which  looks  Jike  a  bust  of  Lin- 
coln in  gray  rock,  re::dy  to  top- 
ple over.  Rounding  home,  iha 
boat  stops  at  the  vineyard  in  tho 
southeast  corner,  \\here,  atr.on- 
nie  Kirklaud,  whose  gr;ipes  you 
liavc  often  tasted  from  ]  aper 
boxes,  a  wine  cellar,  shaded  by 
trees  and  crowned  with  vines, 
froi.ts  the  building  on  the  lawn. 
A  most  lovely  rn>tic  spot  is  this 
farm  of  the  Kirk  Brothers,  who 
make  it  a  pleasure. ground  for 
the  region.  The  interval  between 
East  and  South  Cliffs,  lialf  a 
mile  wide,  runs  back  for  two 
miles,  inched  by  high  hills; 
•and  in  this  sunny  corner,  with 
the  warmth  reflected  from  the 
glowing  rocks  of  East  Cliff, 
where  only  eonth  ai  d  west 
winds  can  draw  through,  ripen 
acres  of  such  grapes  as  you 
never  dreamed  of  iu  Wisconsin. 
The  grounds  about  the  house 
are  lovely  and  home-like ;  a 
field  of  horeyed  clover,  that  no 


•  delicious  softness  found  on  the  magical  shore  of 
Old   Plyjnouth,  that   always   keeps    ten    degrees 
warmer  than  Boston,  thirty  miles  above;  or  in  the 
vineyard-belt  of  Ohio.    The  water  is  purity  itself— 
so  clear,  that  not  a  trace  of  sediment  is  left  along 
the  margin  anywhere;   and  soft  to  that  degree  it. 
eeems  as  if  distilled.    I  can  imagine  no  greater 
luxury  in  the  way  of  bathing  than  to  run  out  on 
the  mile  of  sand-beach  at  either  end  of  the  lake, 
that  slopes  inward  for  rods  without  getting  beyond 
depth,  and  let  the  waves  lave  one  like  any  chrisom- 

•  child.     The  water  is  delicious  beyond  compare. 
One  notices  it  in  the  wash-basins  the  first  thing; 
and  I  never  can  sit  in  a  boat  here  without  lettins  a 
hand  trail  in  the  tide,  that  is  like  cleaving  velvet. 
I  don't  wish  to  make  any  impertinent  claims,  or 


one  is  afraid  to  walk  in,  shaded  by  high  nut- 
trees  and  oaks;  the  whitewashed  cottacre  in  the 
centre,  wearing  a  cornice  of  Wisconsin  ivy,  with 
its  dark  and  light  green  trails,  richer  than  Co- 
rinthian temple  ever  boasted,  witli  p  rape-roofed 
arbors,  stand:nd  roses  in  basket  trellises  of  lustic 
work,  the  wine-press  and  bee-hives,  the  t  traw-racks 
and  dove-cote  appearing  through  the  trees,  with 
their  feet  in  the  perfect  sea  of  blossoming  clover; 
a  picture  of  farm-house  plenty  at  d  adornment  that 
a  port  would  revel  in.  Back  of  the  orchard  slopes 
the  vineyard,  trimly  kept,  and  lichly  green  at  pres- 
ent; but  nearer  is  a  tunnel  of  foliage,  the  great 
grape  arbor,  three  hundred  feet  lone,  :ind  the  largest 
in  the  State,  before  the  railroad  cut  away  half  its 
length.  Enough  is  left  to  give  the  place  an  Old- 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


85- 


World  look,  as  if  it  were  a  homestead  in  France; 
and  one  half  expects  to  see  a  girl  in  a  scarlet  kirtle 
and  high  cap  come  out  to  complete  the  picture. 

"One  would  think  artists  would  make  this  a 
favorite  haunt.  If  softest  tky,  bold  forms,  and 
porphyritic  colors  of  rock,  set  off  by  changing 
forest  and  fair  reach  of  bending  lake,  are  worth 
anything  to  artist-1,  they  can  fit.d  them  here. 

"  It  is  a  night  of  cool,  delicious  cloud  as  I  finish 
*  this.    There  has  been  breezing  on  the  balconies, 
music  and  Chicago«firc  in  the  parlor,  and,  eai Her 
In  the  evening,  ladies,  gentlemen,  and  all  the  child- 
ren not  in  bed,  were  down  in  the  billiard  room." 

During  the  summer  season  ferns  are  here  found 
In  great  abundance,  and  in  equally  great  variety. 
In  the  fall,  autumn  leaves  in  all  their  glory  of  crim- 
son, scarlet  and  gold,  arc  gathered. 

Baraboo,  175  mV.cs  from 
Chicago.  Here  arc  the  hi  ad- 
quarters  aud  offices  of  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Madi- 
son Division,  which  extends 
from  Harvard  Junction  to 
Winona.  The  city  is  built 
on  both  cidca  of  the  Bar.ibuo 
river,  and  contuins  about 
4,000  people.  It  b  apl.ice  of 
larg;  trade  nnd  important 
manufactured;  contains  many 
fine  residences,  business 
blocks,  school  honscs,  one  of 
which  cost  $10,000,  and 
churches;  &  woolen  mill,  a 
furniture  factory,  flour  mills, 
caw  mills,  and  foundries,  em- 
ploy over  400  men.  Three 
hotels  accommodate  the 
transient  gue.-t  as  well  as  the 
summer  tourist.  Sauk  county 
has  many  Indian  mounds, 
caves,  gorge?,  etc.,  which  can 
bo  reached  from  this  point 
by  carriagj.  Sunk  Ci/y,  6 
miles,  and  Prairie  du  Sac, 
can  be  reached  daily  by 
stage.  Tlie  Sorrows  of  (he 
Baraboo,  9  miles  west,  The 
Dalles  of  the  Wisconsin,  11 
miles  distant,  and  TliePeiod's 


valley.  In  the  village  are  agood  graded  school,  two 
churches,  a  stave  and  heading  factory,  employing 
20  men;  a  flour  mill  and  a  saw  mill,  each  employing  ' 
10  men,  and  one  hotel.  The  country  near  the  rail- 
way is  broken,  but  beyond  it  is  level  and  highly 
cultivated. 

Reedsburg,  191  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  an 
important  city  of  some  3,000  people,  located  in  the 
inidst'of  the  "  hop  region  "  of  Wisconsin,  and  con- 
trolling most  of  that  trade.  Ironron,  six  miles 
wc.-t,  has  iron  mines  that  have  been  worked  for 
many  years.  Cazenovia,  10  miles  west,  has  large 
iron  f  unvxcs.  Logansville,  eight  miles  south,  and 
Spring  Green,  20  miles  'south,  are  reached  semi- 
weekly  by  stage.  In  the  city  are  six  churches,  one 
newspaper,  gi>od  schools,  and  two  hotels. 

La  Vullo,  198  miles  from  Chicago,    fronton,  3- 


'The  Buttes,"  near  Winona,  Minn.— page  98. 


Nest,  on  Skillet  creek,  arc  romantic  places  accessi- 
ble from  Baraboo.  For  manyyiars  this  was  the 
home  of  the.  lamented  Icabod  Coddirg,  and  here 
may  yet  bo  found  many  of  his  devoted  adherent*. 

Kirkwood,  178  miles  from  Chicago,  is  an  unim- 
port  int  sta'ion. 

North  Freedom,  181  miles  from  Chicago,  is  on 
the  north  side  of  Baraboo  river,  has  a  population  of 
800,  and  is  noted  for  the  fine  quality  of  the  maple 
eugar  that  i-f  made  here  in  preat  abundance.  Hops 
arc  a  st  jpic  article  of  farm  produce  in  this  vicinity. 

Ablpmaii's,  184  miles  frotn  Chicago.  This  vil- 
lage, with  a  population  of  40  >,  is  by  the  inhabitants 
called  Rock  Spring,  nnd  is  so  named  from  the  many 
fipriiiL-s  of  pure  cold  water  that  is  found  flowing 
from  crevices  in  tl>e  rock  along  the  banks  of  the 
Baraboo  river.  The  station  w;;s  named  after  Col. 
8.  V.  If.  Ablemnn.  who  was  especially  prominent 
in  assisting  in  buildiug  the  road  through  this  wild 


miles;  Valton,  10  miles  west;  Lime  Ridge,  6  miles 
south;  Sandusky,  12  miles  south;  Loyd,  18  miles 
southwest;  Rockbridge,  20  miles  southwest,  and 
Sentintl,  7  miles  iiorih,  are  tributary,  aud  reached 
by  stage. 

TVoiiowoc,  203  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in  Juneau 
cbunty,  16  miles  from  Mauston,  ihe  county  seat. 
The  surrounding  country  is  broken  and  covered 
with  timber,  but  offers  fine  hunting  to  the  sports- 
man. Deer  arc  abundant,  and  bcnrs  are  not  un fre- 
quently i-hot.  The  population  of  the  village  num- 
bers about  COO;  it  has  one  hotel,  one  school,  and 
on-.:  church. 

I'nioii  Centre,  208  miles  from  Chicago,  has  a 
population  of  200,  and  is  on  tbo  headwaters  of  the 
Baraboo  river.  Mansion,  the  county  seat,  a  village 
of  1,000  people,  is  14  miles  east.  Spring  Valley, 
West  Lima,  lieckton.  HiUKboi-o',  population  about 
800,  Ontario  and  Trippcilte  are  tiibutury,  and  are 


86 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


reached  from  this  station.  To  Hillsboro'  there  is  a 
double  daily  stage  line,  that  meets  all  passenger 
trains. 

Elroy,  212  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  com- 
paratively a  new  place,  it  having  grown  only  since 
the  completion  of  this  portion  of  the  railroad  to  the 
junction  with  the  WEST  WISCONSIN  RAILWAY  here 
in  Ib72.  In  August,  1872.  when  the  first  train 
reached  this  point,  about  100  persons  claimeS  it  as 


their  home;  to-day  it  has  over  1,200,  and  is  a  bust- 
ling,  thriving  place.  It  has  twenty-five  business 
houses,  two  grain  elevators,  one  public  school, 
three  public  halls,  three  churches,  one  newspaper, 
sawmills,  flour  mills,  and  some  manufactures;  also 
five  hotels,  that,  together,  can  comfortably  accom- 
modate 225  guests,  at  rates  varying  from  $1  to  $2 
per  day.  The  United  Brethren  maintain  the  Elroy 
Seminary,  which  has  90  students. 


THE    WEST    WISCONSIN  RAILWAY. 

This  new  line  of  railway  commences  at  Elroy,  and  forms  the  northern  end  of  the 
through  route  we  are  describing.  While  entirely  distinct  in  ownership  from  the 
Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway,  it  is  so  closely  identified  with  it  in  its  through 
business  and  connections,  that  it  is  recognized  and  treated  here  as  an  intimate  ally. 
Its  most  important  points  are — 

Camp  Douglas,  225  miles  from  Chicago. 

Wisconsin  Valley  Junction,  237  miles  from 
"Chicago,  where  it  has  connections  with  the  WIS- 
CONSIN VALLEY  RAILROAD,  and  secures  rail  con- 
nections for  Tomah,  13  miles  west;  Centralia,  and 
the  important  lumbering  city  of  Wausau,  together 
with  several  smaller  points  east. 

Black  River  Falls,  265  miles  from  Chicago. 
The  earliest  account  we  have  of  white  settlements 
on  Black  river,  becomes  almost  traditionary  when 
details  are  sought  after.  Enough  is  known,  how- 
ever, to  assert  safely  that  sometime  during  the 
year  1818  or  1819,  an  expedition  was  fitted  out  at 
Prairie  da  Chien,  under  the  direction  of  one  Rolette, 
then  a  prominent  trader  at  that  point  which  suc- 
ceeded in  reaching  the  present  site  of  the  village  of 
Black  River  Falls,  and  erecting  a  small  saw  mill  on 
Town  creek. 

Whether  the  expeditionists  proposed  to  locate  per- 
manently at  the  "  Falls,"  cannot  be  ascertained,  but 
whatever  their  intentions  may  have  been,  they  were 
prematurely  frustrated  by  the  Winnebago  Indians, 
who  burned  the  mill  before  it  was  fairly  in  opera- 
tion, and  drof  e  the  lumbermen  off  down  the  river. 

Here  it  might  be  proper  to  state,  that  the  territory 
bordering  on  and  contiguous  to  Black  river,  then 
belonged  to  the  Indians,  who  did  not  cede  their 
right  to  it  until  1838.  The  Winnebagoes  claimed  to 
own  the  land  from  the  east  fork  of  Black  river,  east 
to  the  Wisconsin  river,  west  to  Beef  slough  upon 
the  Mississippi  river;  thence  south  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Wisconsin  river.  On  the  east  side  of  the  last 
named  river,  were  located  the  Menomonee  Indians, 
with  whom  the  Winnebagoes  intermarried  and 
fraternized  generally.  North  of  the  territory 
claimed  by  the  Winnebagoes,  were  the  Chippewas, 


occupying  a  vast  extent  of  country,  bounded  on  the 
west  by  the  Mississippi  river,  and  by  Lake  Superior 
on  the  north. 

From  the  time  tfcat  Rolette's  expeditionists  were 
driven  off  the  river,  there  was  no  attempt  to  effect 
a  settlement  at  the  "  Falls  "  until  late  in  the  spring 
of  1839,  (the  Indians  having  the  year  before  ceded 
to  the  Government  all  the  lands  on  Black  river 
claimed  by  them),  when  an  expedition  was  organ- 
ized at  Prairie  du  Chien  for  a  permanent  settlement 
and  the  improvement  of  the  water-power  at  Black 
River  Falls. 

The  hotels  are— The  Jones.  The  Popham,  The 


Albion,  The  Falls  House,  and  The  Black  River 
House.  The  population  of  the  city  is  about  3,000. 
It  is  the  county  seat  of  Jackson  county,  and  enjoys 
a  large  trade  with  the  surrounding  country  and  the 
adjacent  lumber  regions. 

Green  Bay  Junction,  or  Merrillan,  276  miles 
from  Chicago,  is  tte  point  of  crossing  the  GREEN 
BAY  &  MINNESOTA  RAILROAD,  as  we  have  stated 
elsewhere. 

Augusta,  298  miles  from  Chicago, 'is  a  .pretty 
village  of  over  1,000  people,  and  is  growing  rapidly. 

Eati  Claire,  320  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the 
capital  of  Eau  Claire  county,  and  is  built  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Chippewa  and  Eau  Claire  rivers. 
It  enjoys  the  larger  portion  of  the  vast  lumbering 
trade  of  the  Chippewa  Valley,  and  is  rapidly  ex- 
tending its  trade  into  more  distant  fields. 

Among  the  many  flourishing  cities  and  villages 
of  the  Northwest,  few,  if  any,  are  just  now  attract- 
ing more  attention  than  the  city  of  Eau  Claire. 
The  approach  to  it,  either  by  rail,  or  by  almost  all 
of  the  dozen  highways  leading  hither,  is  not  calcu- 
lated to  prejudice  the  traveler  in  its  favor.  Envi- 
roned, as  it  is,  for  several  miles  on  every  side,  by 
sandy  plains  or  sloping  hills,  which  are  verdant  and 
pleasant  enough  in  the  summer,  as  they  are  covered 
with  a  slender  growth  of  young  trees,  but  unpro- 
ductive, in  fact,  almost  sterile  in  the  way  of  con- 
tributing to  human  wants  generally,  or  to  commer- 
cial staples,  the  visitor,  when  he  first  beholds,  from 
some  adjacent  elevation  of  land,  this  cluster  of 
pretty  villages,  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Chippewa  and  Eau  Claire  rivers,  nestling  along  and 
between  their  banks,  at  the  base  of  the  low.  pic- 
turesque bluffs,  between  which  lies  the  head  of  the 
lower  Chippewa  Valley; — when  he  sees  the  numer- 
ous steam  mills  with  their  tall  chimneys,  from 
which  roll  volumes  of  dense  smoke  and  steam;— 
the  streets,  broad  and  straight,  some  bordered  by 
large  business  houses,  others  by  magnificent  resi- 
dences of  brick,  stone  and  wood,  which  rise  amid 
gardens  redolent  with  beauty  and  perfume  ;— when 
he  notices  the  proud  temples  of  learning,  the  nu- 
merous churches  with  their  towering  spires,  and 
the  spacious  hotels,  all  showing  the  foot-prints  of 
highest  civilization,  the  visitor  is  astonished  and 
electrified  at  beholding  the  contrast  presented  by 
this  wealth  and  beauty,  to  the  cheerless  region 
which  he  has  traversed  to  reach  them. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


A  United  States  Senator,  when  first  visiting  this    j 
place,  after  coming  ovsr  the  uninviting  stage  road    , 
from  Black  River   Falls,  before  the  railroad  was 
built,  to  address  the  people  on  the  political  situa- 
lion  of  1871,   was  so  delighted  with  the   sudden    j 
change,  and  the  charming  loveliness  of  the  scene   j 
before  him,  as  from  the  slope  of  the  hills  which 
bound  the  city  on  the  east,   he  caught  the  first 
glimpse  of  the  sequestered  metropolis  of  Chippe- 
wa's  rich  valley,  that  he  compared  it  "  to  the  eo 
static  emotions  of  Mahomet,  when,  dnst-begrimmed 
and   weary  with  the  long  march   over  Arabia's 
dreary  wastes,  he  first  beheld  the  gorgeous  splendor 
•of  Damascus,  its  proud  domes  and  lofty  minarets, 
glittering  in  the  summer  sun  with  gold  and  sapphi re, 
and  declared  that  heaven  could  never  be  more  to 
him,  for  he  now  saw  and  felt  all 
that  his  imagination   had   ever 
pictured  of  that  celestial  abode." 

The  hotels  are— The  William::, 
The  Niagara,  The  Brittons,  and 
The  Eau  Claire. 

A  correspondent  says  of  Extr 
CLAIRE  :  "  This  enterprising  little 
city  situated  011   the  C'hippewa 
river,  at  its  junction  with   the 
Eau  Claire,  is  the  most  prosper- 
ous inland  city  in  the  State.    It 
is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on 
the  Chippewa,  and  ia  composed 
of  three  towns,  viz:  North,  East 
and  West  Eau  Claire,  incorpo- 
rated under  the  name   of  Eau 
Claire  City.    North  Eau  Claire 
is  situated  on  the  point  of  land 
between    the    two  rivers,   just 
above  their  junction.    East  and 
West    Eau    Claire   are   situated 
just  below  the  junction,  on  op- 
posite sides  of   the  river.    The 
three  towns    are   connected  by 
bridges.    The  situation  of   Eau 
Claire  is  highly  picturesque  and 
healthful.     Its  public  buildings 
are  very  commodious,    and   are 
built  in  good  style,  and  it  has 
considerable  manufactures.  The 
city  is   connected   with   a  very 
extensive  back  country,  which  is  well  adapted  to 
agriculture,  although  that  interest  is  not  very  well 
developed  as  yet.    The  building  of  the  West  Wis- 
consin Railroad,  which  passes   through  the  city, 
has  been  of  material  benefit  to  the  agricultural 
interests.    In  1857,  the  spot  where  the  city  now 
stands,  was  a  mass  of  underbrush.    Where  now  is 
heard  the  busy  hum  of  machinery,  and  the  rush  and 
bustle  of  manufacturing  life,  all  was  silent,  save 
the  occasional  croaking   of   g   bull-frog,    or   the 
mournful  call  of  the  whip-poor-will.     Few  would, 
at  that  time,  have  believed  that  it  would  ever  attain 
to  its  present  importance." 

Seven  churches,  and  four  fine  school  houses, 
speak  well  for  the  intelligence  and  enlightenment 
of  the  place. 

The  United  States  Land  office,  which  is  located 
here,  serves  to  bring  thousands  to  this  point  who 
wish  to  locate  government  lands. 

The  population  now  numbers  about  13,000,  and  w 


rapidly  increasing  as  new  interests  develop  and  as 
capital  accumulates. 

A  noted  place,  and  one  worthy  of  the  tourist's 
attention,  is  "The  Dalles,"  which  can  readily  be 
reached  from  Eau  C'laire. 

Running  from  Eau  Claire,  up  the  valley  of  the 
river,  is  the  CHIPPEWA  FALLS  &  WESTERN  RAIL- 
ROAD, built  to  connect  Eau  Claire  with  the  city  of 
Chippewa  Falls,  12  miles  distant. 

Chippewa  Falls.  A  stranger,  to  look  over  the 
present  city  of  Chippewa  Falls,  could  hardly  realize 
the  fact  that  until  a  comparatively  short  time  since, 
Indian  wigwame  stood,  -and  Indian  councils  were 
held  on  the  very  spot  where  handsome  brick  blocks 
are  now  erected;  that  on  the  site  of  the  UnioniLum- 
bering  Company's  store  and  office,  where  $400,000 


Winona,  Minn.,  from  the  Bluffs.— page  98. 

worth  of  merchandise  is  sold,  and  business  to  the 
amount  of  $1,500,000  is  done,  the  Sioux  and  Chip- 
pewaa,  in  1850,  were  drawn  up  in  martial  array. 

Few  places  in  the  Union  present  better  prospects, 
or  have  a  brighter  future.  With  a  population  of 
over  six  thousand,  which  is  being  constantly  added 
to  ;  with  the  best  and  most  unlimited  water-power 
in  the  world  ;  with  a  quantity  of  enterprising,  go- 
ahead  business  men,  pushing  matters  along,  it  can- 
not fail  to  have  a  population  of  twenty-five  or  thir- 
ty thousand  in  another  ten  years. 

A  Trip  to  the  Falls. 

"  It  was  in  the  evening  that  the  journey  was 
taken,  and  when  the  noble  bridge,  which  spans  the 
Chippewa  river  at  this  point,  was  reached,  the  full 
autumn  moon,  that  had  made  only  an  hour's  travel 
from  the  horizon  toward  the  zenith,  sent  its  rays 
aslant  the  earth  and  water,  forming  a  picture  inde- 
scribably grand.  The  falls  of  the  Chippewa  are 


88 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


jnst  above  the  bridge.  The  waters  came  roaring 
down,  catching,  a^d  widening,  and  lengthening  the 
njoonbeams,  then  danced  a-.vay  in  white-capped 
waves,  that  glistened  and  sparkled,  till  suddenly 
lost  amo::g  the  shadows,  and  replaced  by  others 
just  as  varied  and  beautiful.  It  is  worth  a  day's 
travel  to  view  the  falls  of  the  Chippewa  by  moon- 
light. 

"The  city  is  Eitnatcd  on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Chippewa,  on  a  succession  of  low  hills,  rising  grad» 


The  Falls  of  Minneopa,  Minn,— page  IOI 


oally  backward  from  the  river.  It  is  noted  for  the 
immense  water  power,  there  being  a  full  of  sonic 
twenty-six  feet  in  three-fourths  of  a  mile,  over  a 
rocky  bottom;  also  for  being  the  heart  of  the  valu- 
able lumber  business  of  the  Chippewa  Valley.  A 
fine  view  of  tho  city  may  be  obtained  from  the 
Catholic  Church.  This  edifice  is  reached  by  a 
scries  of  steps,  ascending  through  a  side-hill  grove 
of  magnificent  pines  to  a  level  table  land!,  lying  on 
the  north  bank  of  Duncan  creek." 

The  hotels  arc  :  The  Waterman,  r.nd  The  Cen- 
tral, 001  Bridge  street,  end  The  Cardinal,  on  River 
street. 


Menomonee,  343  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the 
capital  of  Dunn  county,  and  is  situated  on  the  east 
bank  of  Red  Cedar  river.  It  lias  over  2,OCO popula- 
tion, and  large  manufacturing  and  lumbering  inter- 
ests. Its  hotels  are  :  The  Menomonee,  The  Mer- 
chants, and  The  Central. 

Baldwin,  SCO  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  new  town 
with  some  250  inhabitants. 

Hammond,  372  miles  from  Chicago,  is  also  a 
new  town,  and  has  over  1,000  people  re-siding  in  it. 
At  NORTH  WISCONSIN  JUNC- 
TION the  Nomrn  WISCONSIN 
RAILROAD  leaves  the  main 
line  and  runs  northward  to- 
wards Lake  Superior,  is  built 
out  about  40  miles,  and  16 
miles  above  the  junction  i>*  the 
city  of  NEW  RICHMOND,  with 
about  1,200  residents. 

Hudson,  SCO  miles  from 
Chicago,  is  n  city  of  seme  3,000 
inhabitants,  the  county  scat  of 
St.  Croix  county,  and  built  on 
Lake  St.  Crcix.  The  largest 
Mississippi  steamers  ascend 
the  St.  Croix  river  to  this 
point.  Twelve  miles  south- 
ea-t  is  Kinnickinnick  river, 
yielding  the  finest  brook  trout, 
not  only  iu  the  main  stream 
but  on  the  north  and  south 
forks.  Tiffany  Creek  also 
abounds  with  brook  trout. 
Bass  Lake,  8  miles  northeast^ 
furnishes  excellent  bars  fish- 
ing. Four  miles  from  the  sta- 
tion is  Widow  Jtivcr  with  its 
beautiful  falls,  which  rival 
those  of  the  notcdMir.r.chaha. 
Taylors  Fells,  at  the  head  of 
the  Dallas,  and  St.  Croix  Fall?, 
are  worthy  or  a  visit.  Oscco'.a 
Mills,  having  medicinal 
springs  and  good  hotels,  is 
reached  by  steamer  in  the 
summer  and  by  stage  in  the 
winter.  Itiver  Falls,  12  miles 
southeast,  is  a  thriving  vil- 
lage of  2,000  inhabitants,  and 
has  a  Normal  achool  \vilh400 
students,  that  is  second  to  no 
Normal  school  of  its  kind  in 
the  West.  Pleasant  Va  ley, 
14  miles,  Woodsiue,  18  mi:cs, 
Brookville,  26  miles,  Lucas, 


40  miles,    Somerset,  15  miles,  and  Ellsworth,  25 
miles,  are  leached  by  stage  lines. 

Rich  Lands  at  Low  Hates. 
The  WEST  WISCONSIN  RAILWAY  have  their  gen- 
eral offices  here,  and  at  their  land  office  the  pros- 
pective emig-ant  can  buy  any  quantity  of  land 
he  may  desire,  as  the  company  have,  a  million 
or  more  acres  along  its  line  to  sell.  The  city  is 
well  built,  has  excellent  schools,  fine  churches,  a 
county  crmrt  house,  town  hall,  mar.y  manufac- 
tu:c*,  and  eleven  hotels,  one  of  which  is  unusually 
good.  The  surrounding  country  is  very  bcautir 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


89 


fa!,  and  is  full  of  fine  drives,  pretty  falls  and  pictur- 
esque scenery.  The  lake  and  river  furnish  admi- 
rable boating  and  firhing.  Several  yachts  are  owned 
here,  and  annually  its  yacht  club  has  a  regctla. 
Rock  Falls,  close  by,  is  an  unfailing  source  of  pleas- 
ure, not  only  in  the  summer,  but  in  the  winter  as 
well.  Game  abounds  in  the  woods  ;and  prairies 
surrounding  Hudson,  and  can  always  be  had  in 
quantities  sufficient  to  please  and  repay  the  most 
exact!:.'*  sportsman.  A  branch  line  runs  from  here 
to  STILI/.VATER,  with  its  population  of  5,000,  higher 
up  the  river,  (see  Lake  Superior  &  Mississippi 
Railway).  The  Dalles  of  the  St.  Croix  are  still  far- 
ther up,  and  will  at  any  time  amply  repay  the  visitor 
for  the  time  spent  in  reaching  them. 

Four  hundred  and  cine  miles  from  Chicago  we 
reach  ST.  PAUL,  the  capital  of  the  State  of  Minnc- 
•ota,  and  a  city  that  has  become  almost  world-re- 
nowned for  the  push,  "  vim"  and  energy  of  its  peo- 


prairic,  or  on  some  of  the  beautiful  lakes  which 
form  the  characteristic  charm  of  the  city  surround- 
ings. 

Pleasure  Resorts. 

There  are  numerous  resorts  in  and  within  a  few 
miles  of  St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis,  and"  easy  of 
access.  The  numerous  lakes,  with  their  sylvan  as- 
sociations, form  the  most  prominent  charm  of  the 
rural  landscape.  They  arc  scattered  in  chain?,  or 
group?,  or  isolated  gems,  all  over  the  State,  forming 
an  immense  system  of  reservoirs,  which  serves  a 
valuable  purpose  as  a  guarantee  against  drouths. 
Here  hotel  accommodations  arc  ample  and  rea- 
sonable. 

A  few  miles  from  St.  Paul,  close  to  the  base  of 
the  almost  perpendicular  sandstone  bluffs,  and 
across  the  Mississippi,  in  full  view  of  the  scenery 
up  and  down  the  river,  is  Mendota,  the  oldest  town 


Minneopa  Falls,  In  the  Winter.— page  IOI. 


pie,  and  for  its  admirable  climate  and  hcalthfulness. 
In  its  topographical  features  and  surroundings,  St. 
Paul  IB  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cities  of  the  con- 
tinent. Its  site  is  a  series  of  four  plateaux  rising 
in  regular  gradation  from  the  river,  of  which  the 
first,  originally  a  low  bottom,  fringing  the  river  for 
miles,  forms  the  levee,  and  is  occupied  by  ware- 
louses,  railroad  tracks,  depots  and  offices,  in  front 
of  the  city  ;  the  second  and  third,  with  but  slight 
difference  in  their  elevation,  about  half  a  mile  in 
width,  end  stretching  for  miles  to  the  southwest 
along  and  above  the  river,  form  the  main  ex- 
panse, on  which  the  business  and  much  of  the  resi- 
dence portion  of  the  city  rests;  while  the  green 
slope  of  the  highest  encircles  this  busy  scene  of 
metropolitan  4ifc  and  energy  like  a  ring  of  hills, 
which  are  surmounted  wilh  many  elegant  and  state- 
ly residences  ;  whi:cbcycnd  them,  stretches  by  far 
the  most  beautiful  residence  portions  of  the  city, 
with  fine  avenues  emerging  upon  the  smooth,  green 


in  this  State— a  small  village,  which  is  said  to  be 
inhabited  by  almost  every  color,  shade  and  nation- 
ality of  mankind,  and  in  many  cases,  a  mixture  of 
two  colors  and  races  in  one.  Across,  or  over,  the 
St  Paul  and  Sioux  City  Railway  track,  and  Fort 
Snelling  appears  in  full  view— located  upon  a  com- 
manding eminence  at  the  confluence  of  the  Minne- 
sota (St  Peter)and  Mississippi  rivers.  The  scene- 
ry on  the  rivers  at  this  point  is  exceedingly  pictur- 
esque and  romantic.  The  white-faced  sandstone 
bluffs  along  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  with  the  charm- 
ing landscape  in  either  direction,  afford  a  scene  of 
great  beauty  and  interest. 

There  arc  points  of  interest  about  here  which  are 
worth  visiting,  but  too  numerous  to  mention  in  de- 
tail. A  short  distance  above  Meeker's  Island, 
close  by  the  roadside,  a  small  etrcnm,  from  the 
springs  and  lakes  of  the  back  country,  leaps  from 
the  limestone  rock  about  forty  feet  to  the  bed  of 
the  Mississippi.  It  is  known  as  "Winter  Queen," 


90 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


and  it  is  a  most  beautiful,  sparkling  cascade,  which 
delights  every  one  who  visits  It.  On  about  three 
miles  further,  and  the  traveler  is  at  the  celebrated 
"  Falls  of  Minnehaha," — Laughing  Water.  These 
falls  are  formed  by  a  little  stream  of  remarkable 
purity  and  clearness,  the  outlet  of  lakes  Minneton- 
ka,  Calhoun,  Amelia,  and  Rice.  In  its  course  to 
the  Mississippi,  at  a  distance  of  nearly  a  mile  from 
it,  the  stream  makes  a  perpendicular  leap  of  fifty- 
nine  feet,  the  transparent  water  foaming  and 
sparkling  like  diamonds  in  the  sunlight.  It  has  a 
correct  proportion  of  volume  to  height  and  breadth ; 
in  winter  it  is  covered  with  pyramids  and  columns 
of  ice  ;  in  summer  a  perpetual  rainbow  is  seen  ;  its 
fall  creates  a  cheerful  mu*ic  ;  it  is  surrounded  by 
pleasing  natural  scenery  on  all  sides.  Inscribed 


Mankato,  Minn.— page   101 

on  the  trees,  arbors,  benches,  bridges,  and  rocks, 
are  names  of  tourists  from  all  parts  of  our  own  and 
from  many  foreign  countries,  who  have  been  here 
to  see  the  Falls  of  Minnehaha,  made  memorable  by 
Longfellow — "In  the  land  of  the  Dakotas,  where 
they  flash  and  gleam  among  the  oak  trees,  laugh 
and  leap  into  the  valley." 

On  from  Minnehaha,  in  view  of  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  natural  panoramas  ever  beheld  in  any 
country,  and  soon  in  sight  and  hearing  of  the  roar- 
ing and  foaming  cataract,  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony, 
and  the  massive  mills  and  manufactories  of  Min- 
neapolis. Across  the  river,  and  below  the  Falls, 
are  the  beautiful  little  cascades— "Fawn's  Leap," 
"Silver  Cascade  ;"  also  the  Chalybeate  Springs, 
which  flow  out  from  the  limestone  rock  on  the 
bank  of  the  river  ;  they  are  strongly  impregnated 
with  iron,  sulphur,  magnesia,  and  other  minerals, 
and  the  water  has  proven  beneficial  in  many  cases. 


Niccolett  Island,  about  2,000  feet  long  by  700  wide, 
is  situated  in  the  river,  shaded  by  fine  elm,  maple 
and  other  native  trees,  and  beautified  by  the 
residents.  It  is  a  charming  retreat.  Other  points 
of  resort  here,  and  near  here,  are  mentioned  else- 
where. 

The  best  hotels  of  St.  Paul  are  :  The  Merchants, 
The  Metropolitan,  The  Park  Place  Hotel,  and  The 
International. 

Minneapolis. 

The  city  of  Minneapolis,  (which  now  includes 
within  its  corporate  limits  what  was  the  city  of  St. 
Anthony,  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  west  of  the 
Lakes),  the  county  seat  of  the  wealthy  and  popu- 
lous county  of  Hennepin,  possesses  signal  advan- 
tages, natural  and  artificial,  which  invite  the  atten- 
tion of  all  classes  of  settlers, 
and  every  variety  of  industry, 
-x^  and  must  inevitably  become 

a  great  central  point  for  the 
production,  collection  and 
distribution  of  the  manufac- 
tured products,  to  supply  the 
population  which  is  rapidly 
occupying  the  vast  extent  of 
country  tributary  and  natur- 
ally dependent  on  it  —  the 
home  of  a  progressive  people, 
and  the  theatre  of  an  impor- 
tant destiny,  which  is  plainly 
foreshadowed  in  what  has 
already  been  accomplished, 
and  what  is  projected  and 
in  course  of  accomplishment. 
It  has,  in  a  little  more  than 
a  single  decade,  acquired  a 
population  of  over  thirty 
thousand  people. 

A  leading  feature  of  the 
city,  which  is  especially 
noticeable,  and  an  attraction, 
is  the  chain  of  beautiful 
lakes,  about  three  miles  out, 
which,  ere  many  years  shall 
have  elapsed,  at  the  present 
rapid  extension  of  the  corpo- 
rate boundaries,will  be  within 
the  city  limits.  For  beauty  of 
surroundings,  and  crystal 
clearness,  one  can  scarcely  imagine  more  charming 
bodies  of  water  than  Lakes  Harriet  and  Calhoun, 
the  Lake  of  the  Isles,  and  Cedar  Lake,  (the  location 
of  the  Oak  Grove  House),  while  still  further  on, 
some  fifteen  miles  distant,  Lake  Minnetonka,  ap- 
proachable by  railroad,  and  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  beautiful  sheets  of  water  in  the  State,  offers 
its  charms  to  the  visitor  or  resident,  affording 
abundance  of  fish  and  wild  fowl,  and  sailing  and 
boating.  To  the  east  a  few  miles,  is  that  famed 
resort,  White  Bear  Lake.  Minneapolis  itself  has 
many  features  of  the  picturesque  and  beautiful, 
which  call  forth  tributes  of  admiration  from  all  who 
chance  to  visit  it. 

The  principal  hotels  are  :  The  Niccolett,  The 
Commercial,  and  Clark's. 

Cedar  Lake. 

This  point  is  I'our  miles,  by  the  ST.  PAUL  &  Sioux 
CITY  RAILROAD,  from  Minneapolis.  On  the  shores 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


91 


fishing,  gaming,  boating,  bathing,  driving,  and  the 
neatest  pleasure  gronnds  in  the  Northwest,  go  to 
Oak  Grove  Honee,  on  the  banks  of  Cedar  Lake. 
The  rules  peculiar  to  this  house,  are  these  :  1.  No 
liquor  is  allowed  on  the  premises  ;  2.  Sunday  is 
observed  as  a  religious  day— a  day  of  rest ;  3.  boat- 
ing and  fishing  arc  not  allowed  on  Sunday.  It  may 
be  said,  that  near  this  house  is  a  mineral  spring, 
of  powerful  medicinal  virtues.  Prom  the  house 
can  be  seen  Horseshoe  and  Cedar  lakes,  the  Lake 
of  the  Isles,  and  Lakes  Calhonn  and  Harriet. 


of  the  lake,  and  on  the  opposite  side  from  the  rail- 
way station,  is  The  Oak  Grove  House.  The 
grounds  around  the  hotel,  and  belonging  thereto, 
cover  about  one  hundred  acres  of  beautifully  diver- 
sified woodland. 

The  house  is  a  fine  structure,  containing  seventy 
rooms,  and  is  located  at  Cedar  Lake  Station,  fif- 
teen miles  from  St.  Paul ;  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  feet  above  the  former,  and  one  hundred  nnd 
ninety-five  above  the  latter  ;  from  its  cupola  can  be 
had  the  finest  prospect  in  the  Northwest  For 
home  comforts,  pure,  dry  air,  fine  scenery,  good 

Connected  closely  with  our  CHICAGO,  ST.  PATTL  &  MADISON  LINE,  are  several  lines 
of  road  running  from  St.  Paul,  and  over  which  we  send  our  passengers  and  freight, 
and  from  which  large  return  business  is  received.  Looking  towards  Duluth,  Bis- 
mark,  or  the  Manitoba  country,  we  first  reach 

THE   LAKE'  SUPERIOR    &   MISSISSIPPI  RAILROAD. 

The  line  of  this  road  extends  from  St.  Paul,  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  jyiissis- 
sippi  river,  to  Duluth,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Superior,  a  distance  of  155  miles;  also  a 
branch  to  Stillwater,  on  the  St.  Croix  river. 


White  Bear  Lake,  12  miles  from  St.  Paul,  is  a 
popular  summer  resort,  with  excellent  hunting, 
.  fishing  and  boating.  The  principal  hotels  are — 
Williams',  Leip's,  and  Dunn's,  which  are  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  groves  and  lawns.  Connec- 
tions are  made  here  for  Stillwater  and  Minneapolis. 

Stillwater,  24  miles  from  St.  Paul,  is  situated 
on  the  St.  Croix  river,  where  connections  are  made 
with  steamers  for  the  famous  "  Dalles  of  the  St. 
Croix."  The  principal  hotel  here  is  The  Sawyer 
House.  Forest  Lake,  25  miles  from  St.  Paul;  Wyo- 
ming, 30  miles;  North  Branch,  42  miles;  Rush  City, 
54  miles;  Pine  City,  64  miles;  Hinckley,  77  miles, 
are  small  towns  surrounded  by  a  fine  section  of 
country,  and  are  resorted  to  by  parties  desiring 
quiet  locations  during  the  summer  months,  also 
by  sportsmen  in  the  fall,  when  deer  and  other  game 
are  abundant,  the  numerous  lakes  in  the  vicinity 
adding  to  the  attractions. 

Northern  Pacific  Junction,  131  miles  from 
St.  Paul,  and  24  miles  from  Duluth,  is  the  point  of 
connection  with  the  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD 
for  Brainerd,  Moorhead,  Bismark,  Fort  Garry, 
and  all  points  in  Montana. 

•  Thomson,  23  miles  from  Dulnth,  is  situated 
near  the  head  of  the  Dalles  of  the  St.  Louis  river, 
and  is  the  resort  of  tourists  and  pleasure  seekers. 
The  scenery  along  the  river  to  Duluth  is  of  a  most 


varied  and  picturesque  character,  unsurpassed  in 
the  Northwest. 

Fond  <lu  Lac,  14  miles  from  Duluth,  is  beauti- 
fully situated  on  the  St.  Louis  river,  and  as  a  sum. 
mer  resort  has  many  attractions  in  scenery,  hunt- 
ing and  fishing.  Chambers'  Hotel,  just  completed, 
is  pleasantly  located,  and  offers  excellent  facilities 
for  summer  tourists.  There  is  a  mineral  spring 
here  which  is  said  to  be  unsurpassed  for  its  medi- 
cinal properties. 

Duluth,  the  lake  terminus  of  the  road,  is  beau- 
tifully located  on  an  eminence  overlooking  Lake 
Superior.  The  principal  hotel  here  is  The  Clark 
House.  Connections  are  made  here  with  all  the 
lines  of  steamers  traversing  the  lakes,  viz.  :  Beat- 
tys,  Windsor  and  Lake  Superior,  (Canadian)  for 
Silver  Islet,  Thunder  Bay,  Prince  Arthur's  Land- 
ing, Fort  William,  Neepigon  Bay,  Michepicoton 
Island,  (800  feet  high),  on,  the  north  shore  of  the 
lake,  and  principal  points  in  Canada;  with  Ward's 
Central  &  Pacific,  Lake  Superior,  People's,  and  Du- 
luth Lake  Transportation  Co.'s  Steamers  for  Bay- 
field,  Ashland,  Ontonagon,  Hancock,  Houghton, 
and  Marquette,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  lake ; 
also,  Sault  St.  Marie,  Mackinaw,  and  all  points 
east,  affording  the  tourist  an  opportunity  of  visiting 
the  numerous  points  of  interest  in  this  romantic 
and  beautiful  region. 


THE  NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD, 

Is  now  in  operation  from  Duluth  to  Bismark,  Dakota,  on  the  Missouri  river,  a  distance 
of  450  miles.  From  Duluth  to  Brainerd,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  a  distance  of  115 
miles,  the  road  passes  through  a  gently  undulating  country,  covered  with  a  rich  forest 
growth,  embracing  several  varieties  of  pine,  cedar,  tamarac,  ash,  elm,  maple,  oak, 
and  other  woods. 

Coming  out  from  Duluth,  the  tourist  traverses  the  shores  of  the  Bay  of  Superior, 
St.  Louis  Bay,  and  passing  up  the  Dattet  of  the  St.  Louis  river,  has  in  constant  view  for 
seme  25  miles,  some  of  the  most  beautiful  pictures  of  natural  scenery  that  can  be  found 
in  the  Northwest. 


92 


THK  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


From  Brainerd  westward,  the  country  gradually  becomes  more  open,  until,  arriving" 
at  Detroit,  some  90  miles  west  of  the  Mississippi  river,  the  traveler  finds  himself  in. 
what  has  been  appropriately  named  the  Park  Region  o'f  the  Northwest,  so  called  on. 
account  of  the  many  picturesque  parks  and  groves,  which,  with  the  intervening  lawns, 
and  undulating  prairies,  waving  in  the  summer  with  luxuriant  native  grasses,  and  now 
dotted  with  the  dwellings  and  fields  of  the  new  settler,  present  a  beauty  of  landscape 
hardly  surpassed  by  any  on  the  continent. 

The  far-famed  valley  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  is  reached  at  a  point  120' 
miles  west  of  Brainerd.  This  great  valley  is  about  40  miles  wide,  and  some  350  miles 
long,  surface  generally  level,  well  watered  by  numerous  streams  on  both  sides  of  the 
Red  river.  The  soil  is  a  remarkably  rich  alluvial  mold,  from  eighteen  to  twenty-four 

inches  deep,  with  retentive 
subsoil  of  clay,  peculiarly 
adapted  for  the  growth  of 
wheat.  The  Red  river  is  the 
boundary  line  between  Min- 
nesota and  Dakota,  and  from 
here  westward,  the  road 
passes  for  200  miles  over  an 
open,  undulating  prairie,  bro- 
ken only  by  the  valleys  of  the  . 
Shayenne  and  James  rivers  to 
its  present  terminus  at  Bis- 
mark,  on  the  Missouri  river. 

The  "Northern  Pacific  R.  R. 
Co.  have  an  extensive  land 
grant  from  the  Government, 
for  the  greater  part  very  at- 
tractive for  settlement,  hav- 
ing, as  expressed  by  a  gen- 
tleman passing  through  the 
country,  "a  soil  whose  luxu- 
riant products  prove  the  rich- 
est fertility  ;  an  ample  provi- 
sion of  oak  and  other  timber, 
growing  in  charming  groves, 
lakes  and  streams  affording  abundant  water  privileges,  in  every  locality.  If  Ceres-4 
herself  should  seek  a  home  for  prosperous  agriculture,  her  choice  might  well  be  here." 
To  these  natural  attractions,  the  Company  are  adding  a  very  liberal  policy,  and  offer- 
ing fine  inducements  by  low  prices  and  easy  terms  for  their  lands,  to  all  settlers  desir- 
ing location  on  their  line,  and  the  country  is  rapidly  filling  up  with  an  energetic,  in- 
dustrious class  of  people. 

The  principal  towns  on  the  road  are — 

Aiken,  the  main  point  of  shipment  of  lumber- 
men's outfits  and  supplies,  for  the  Upper  Mississippi 
river  pineries.  During  the  season  a  smalT  steam- 
boat runs  from  here  to  Poker/ama  Falls,  a  distance 
of  some  3  50  miles. 

Bmincrd,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi  river, 
!G  t!io  headquarters  for  the  general  offices  of  the 
rood,  and  the  location  of  the  Company's  shops. 
Has  a  good  hotel,  and  the  surrounding  country 
affords  fine  inducements  for  sportsmen.  The  lakes 


Near  Evanston,  III.— page  IO3. 


arc  filled  with  black  and  rock  bass,  pickerel  and 
pike,  and  in  the  season  the  woods  afford  fine  shoot- 
ing ;  deer,  partridge,  ducks  and  geese  are  found  in 
abundance.  The  town  now  has  a  population  of 
about  1,000. 

It  is  the  point  of  junction  with  the  St.  Paul  & 
Pacific  R.  R.,  now  built  and  running  from  St.  Paul 
to  SI.  Cloud,  now  connecting  here  by  daily  stage 
line  from  St.  Cloud. 

Also,  a  stage  connection  and  mail  route  north, 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


93 


to  Leech  Lake  Indian  Agency,  Wadena,  a  thriving 
young  village,  with  Blase  connections  to  Long  Prai- 
rie, Todd  Co.,  Parker's  Prairie,  aod'Alexandria. 

Perliam,  a  rapidly  growing  village  of  some  600 
inhabitants,  supported  by  rich  agricultural  sur- 
rounding*, with  stage  connections  to. Otter  Tail 
City,  Fergus  Falls,  and  Campbell,  on  the  St.  Paul 
&  Pacific  R.  R. 

Frazer  City,  a  thriving  place  of  but  few  months' 
growth,  with  a  fine  saw  and  grist  mill,  in  the  midst 
-of  a  good  agricultural  country,  and  now  opening 
roads  for  connection  with  Otter  Tail  City  and  Fer- 
gus Falls. 

Detroit,  the  county  seat  of  Becker  county,  near 
the  shores  of  Detroit  Lake,  of  Minnesota,  one  of 
the  finest  sheets  of  water  on  the  road,  and  on  the 
borders  of  the  "  Park  Region,"  having  about  1,200 
inhabitants,  mostly  New  England  people,  is  already 
becoming  a  popular  place  of  resort  by  those  who 
admire  beautiful  scenery,  and  enjoy  the  sports  of 
hunting  and  fishing. 

From  hero  stage  connections  are  made  with  the 
White  Earth  Indian 
Reservation  on  the 
north,  and  south- 
ward through  the 
Pelican  ValUy  to 
Fergus  Falls,  and 
Campbell,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific 
Railroad. 

Atidubon,  and 
Lake  Park,  in 
Becker  county,  and 
Hawley,  la  Clay 
•  county,  are  thriv- 
ing young  villages, 
supported  by  the 
trade  of  the  sur- 
rounding rich  agri- 
cultural country, 


The  Seminary,  Lake  Forest,  III.— page  105. 


and  are  becoming  quite  important  wheat  shipping 
points. 

Glynclon,  located  in  the  Red  River  Valley,  is  the 
point  of  crossing  of  the  Pembina  Branch  of  the  St. 
Paul  c£  Pacific  R.  R.,  now  built  and  running  norih 
60  miles  to  the  Red  Lake  river,  there  connecting 
by  boat  to  Fort  Garry. 

Hoorhead,  on  the  eact  bank  of  the  Red  river, 
.a  bustling,  active  town  of  several  hundred  people, 
with  a  large  grist  mill,  having  a  daily  capacity  for 


GOO  bushels  of  grain,  fine  church  and  school  build- 
ings; is  already  attracting  settlement  by  its  sure 
promise  of  continued  growth. 

Fargo,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Red  river,  in 
Dakota,  the  county  eeat  of  Cass  county,  has  the 
shops  and  engine  houses  of  the  Company  for  the 
Dakota  Division,  one  of  the  best  and  largest  hotels 
in  the  Northwest> outside  of  St.  Paul,  a  fine  brick 
court  house,  costing  $5,000,  stores,  grain  ware- 
houses, lumber  yards,  etc.,  and  is  developing  a  large 
trade  with  the  rapidly  increasing  settlement  of  the 
surrounding  country.  Has  stage  connections  to  the 
north  with  Caledonia,  Grand  Forks,  Pembina,  and 
Fort  Garry  ;  northwest  with  Devil's  Lake,  of  Min- 
nesota ;  southwest  to  Norman  and  Owego  ;  south 
to  Fort  Abercrombie,  and  Breckenridge,  the  pres- 
ent terminus  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  R.  R.  main 
line,  and  Fort  Wadsworth,  and  during  the  naviga- 
ble season,  is  the  shipping  point  by  steamers,  of  the 
immense  trade  carried  on  by  the  Red  river  with  the 
British  North  west,  at  Winnipeg  and  Fort  Garry. 
Jamestown,  in  the  valley  of  the  James  river, 
adjoining  the  Fort 
Seward  Military 
Reservation,  is  a 
small  town  of  some 
200  inhabitants  with 
stores,  hotels,  etc., 
doing  considerable 
business  with  Fort 
Totten,  and  the 
Devil's  Lake  Indian 
Reservation. 

B  Ism  ark,  the 
present  terminus  of 
the  road,  is  beauti- 
fully located  on  high 
grounds  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Mis- 
souri river,  has  a 
population  of  about 


1,000,  with  the  usual  number  of  stores,  hotels, 
churches,  etc.,  and  a  heavy  trade  with  the  numer- 
ous military  posts  and  Indian  Agencies  on  the  river. 
From  this  point  the  Missouri  river  is  navigable  for 
1,200  miles  to  the  northwest,  and  during  the  season 
a  regular  line  of  boats  is  run  to  Fort  Benlon,  and 
by  the  Coulson  line  of  steamers,  and  the  Diamond 
river  overland  stages,  via  Carroll,  an  established 
route  is  made  to  Helena,  in  Montana. 


THE  ST.   PAUL  &  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 

Leaving  St.  Paul  in  a  northwesterly  destination,  we  have  the  first  Division  of  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  R.  R.  Its  lines  of  road  are  from  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  to  Sauk  Rapids, 
Minn.,  76  miles,  and  from  St.  Anthony,  10  miles  north  of  St.  Paul,  to  Breckenridge, 
Minn.,  207  miles.  'The  west  line  was  completed  to  Breckenridge,  on  the  Red  River 
of  the  North,  in  the  latter  part  of  October,  1871. 

From  St.  Paul  to  Sauk  Rapids,  and  from  St.  Anthony  to  Breckenridge,  the  Com- 
pany have  a  land  grant  of  ten  sections  for  each  mile  of  road  completed,  viz.  :  six  sec- 
tions per  mile  under  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  7,  1857,  and  four  sections  addi- 
tional under  act  of  March  3,  1863.  The  total  length  of  line  entitled  to  these  grants,  is 
about  400  miles,  and  the  estimated  amount  of  land  accrued  and  accruing,  will  be  about 
1,800,000  acres. 


94 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


St.  Anthony,  10  miles  from  St.  Paul,  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  main  and  branch  lines.  The  far 
famed  water  power  of  St.  Anthony  Palls  furnishes 
thousands  of  people  with  employment  in  the  vari- 
ous mills  located  here,  and  the  products  of  these 
mechanical  enterprises  add  largely  to  the  business 
of  the  railroad.  The  State  University,  now  in  suc- 
cessful operation,  and  an  excellent  high  school,  are 
located  here. 

The  main  line  crosses  the  Mississippi  river  here, 
on  a  substantial  bridge,  to  Minneapolis,  and  thence, 
in  a  northwesterly  direction,  to  the  valley  of  Red 
river.  • 

Wayzata,  28  miles  from  St.  Paul,  is  a  railroad 
station  on  Lake  Minnetonka,  the  largest  and  most 
beautiful  lake  in  Minnesota,  estimated  to  have  a 
shore  line  of  one  hundred  miles.  It  is  dotted  with 
beautiful  islands,  and  its  shores  are  mostly  covered 


Collegiate  Department,  Lake  Forest,  III.— page  105. 


sides  many  fine  residences.  Two  newspapers  are 
published  in  this  town.  The  Railroad  Company 
has  an  emigrant  house  here,  where  emigrants  can 
obtain  all  the  information  tftey  desire  in  regard  to- 
the  surrounding  country,  and  a  temporary  home 
for  their  families,  while  they  go  forth  in  search  of 
a  farm,  or  more  permanent  residence. 

Willmar,  104  miles  from  St.  Paul,  the  county 
seat  of  Kandiyohi  county,  is  situated  on  the  south 
side  of  Foot  Lake.  The  Tillage  now  contains 
six  hotels,  also  an  immigrant  house.  Willmar  is 
the  half-way  station  between  St.  Paul  and  Brecken- 
ridge,  on  the  Red  river.  It  is  the  nearest  railroad 
point  for  a  large  extent  of  country  on  the  Upper 
Minnesota  river.  The  settlements  of  Yellow  Med- 
icine, and  Eed  Wood  Falls,  on  the  Minnesota  river, 
ate  only  thirty  and  thirty-five  miles  distant  from 
Willmar,  and  connected  by  lines  of  stages.  North 
of  Willmar  ate  the 
old  settlements  on 
Eagle  Lake,  Lake 
Nevaden,  and  the 
large  chain  of  Nor- 
way Lakes;  all  these 
are  tributary  and 
easy  of  access.  For 
the  purpose  of  ex- 
periment, and  also- 
to  encourage  others, 
the  railroad  company 
has  planted  several 
thousands  of  young 
forest  trees  around 
the  shores  of  the 
lake,  which  has  also 
added  much  to  beaur 
tify  the  town  site. 

Morris,  the  coun- 
ty seat  of  Stevens 
county,  160  miles 
from  St.  Paul,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Pomme 
de  Terre  river,  has 
attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  farmer  capi- 
talists. There  are 


with  heavy  timber,  among  which  appear  numerous 
openings,  with  the  farms  of  industrious  settlers. 
Wayzata  contains  several  good  hotels,  filled  during 
the  summer  season  with  tourists  from,  the  East. 
Two  steamboats  run  between  Wayzata,  Excelsior, 
and  other  points  on  the  lake. 

Liitchfield,  85  miles  from  St.  Paul,  a  railroad 
station,  is  one  of  the  most  important  points  on  this 
line.  It  is  the  county  seat  of  Meeker  county,  and 
the  site  of  the  U.  S.  District  Land  Ofilce.  In  the 
fall  of  1869  there  was  a  grain  crop  harvested  on  the 
laud  that  is  now  the  site  of  about  two  hundred 
buildings.  The  town  contains  several  churches, 
and  good  schools,  hotels,  agricultural  warehouses, 
a  grain  elevator,  and  other  railroad  buildings,  be- 


now  ten  large  1,000.  acre  farms  opened  there  ;  the- 
first  crops  of  some  of  them  have  averaged  not  lesfr 
than  22  bushels  per  acre,  which  average  increases 
in  succeeding  years.  The  soil  of  this  county  ap- 
pears peculiarly  adapted  for  wheat  culture. 

Breckenridge,  217  miles  from  St.  Paul,  the 
present  western  terminus  of  the  main  line  of  this 
road,  is  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bois  des 
Sioux  and  Otter  Tail  rivers,  forming  at  this  place 
the  Red  River  of  the  North.  Breckenridge  is  the 
county  seat  of  Wilkin  county,  and  is  becoming  a 
place  of  much  importance,  being  at  the  head  of 
navigation  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  which 
flows  northward  through  the  British  Province  of 
Manitoba. 


The  braijch  line  of  this  road,  extending  from  St.  Anthony  Junction  north,  is  com- 
pleted, and  opened  to  Sauk  Rapids,  and  the  extension  to  Brainerd,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  distance  of  60  miles,  was  located,  put  under  contract,  and 
graded  during  the  year  1871.  Tne  extension  of  this  line  from  St.  Cloud,,  northwest  to. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


95 


St.  Vincent,  on  the  borders  of  Manitoba,  314  miles,  is  completed,  and  operated  to 
Melrose,  34  miles.  This  extension  crosses  the  Northern  Pacific  at  Glyndon,  and  is 
completed  and  operated  from  Gli/ruion  north  to  Crookston,  a  distance  of  60  miles. 

The  principal  places  of  importance  on  the  branch  line,  are — 


Anoka,  the  county  seat  of  Anoka  county,  is 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  Rum  river,  30  miles  from 
St.  Paul.  It  contains  about  2,000  inhabitants,  has 
five  churches,  four  saw  mills,  one  flouring  mill,  and 
a  eash,  blind  and  door  factory.  Two  weekly  papers 
are  published  here. 

Ttasca  Station,  six  miles  above  Anoka.  Oppo- 
site Itasca,  at  the  mouth  of  Crow  river,  is  the  thriv- 
ing town  of  Dayton. 

Elk  Kiver  Station,  is  5  miles  from  Itasca. 

The  flourishing  town  of  Orono,  situated  at  the 
mouth  of  Elk  river,  1#  miles  from  the  station, 
contains  churches,  schools,  five  saw  and  grist  mills. 
There  is  also  at  the 
station  a  hotel, 
school  house,  two 
stores  and  a  saw 
mill.  A  stage  leaves 
here  tri-weekly  for  fp 
Princeton,  Minn. 

At  St.  Francis,  a 
thriving  village  on  f 
Rum  river,  a  saw  * 
and  grist  mill  is  in 
successful  opera- 
tion. The  town  of 
Princeton,  1'J  miles 
north  of  Elk  river, 
is  a  pleasant  village 
of  about  500  inhab- 
itants. It  is  the 
headquarters  of  the  • 
lumbermen  on  the 
upper  Rum  river. 
A  fine  school  house 
has  been  built,  at  a 
cost  of  $5,000  ;  it 
also  contains  two 
hotels,  grist  and 
saw  mills. 


Ferry  Hall,  Lake  Forest,  III.— page  IO5 


Big  Lake  Station,  is  50  miles  from  St.  Paul. 
It  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  borders  of  a  lake, 
after  which  it  is  named.  It  is  the  nearest  station 
for  the  German  and  Swedish  settlements  near  Eagle 
Lake ;  a  good  road  is  constructed,  (Elk  River  is 
crossed  by  a  substantial  bridge  near  the  mouth  of 
the  St.  Francis  river)  to  Groton,  where  it  inter- 
sects the  State  road  from  Sattk  Rapids  to  Princeton. 

At  Santiago,  in  Saldwintown,  a  water  power  on 
the  St.  Krancis  river  has  been  made  available  by 
the  erection  of  a  good  saw  mill. 

Becker  Station,  7  miles  above  Big  Lake.  The 
surrounding  country  is  largely  rich  meadow  and 
grazing  land. 

Clear  Lake  Station,  7  miles  northwesterly 
from  Big  Lake. 

At  both  the  above  named  stations,  houses  have 
been  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  immigrants  ; 
they  are  capable  of  holding  several  hundred  per- 
sons at  a  time.  They  are  provided  with  cooking 
stoves  and  other  conveniences.  Here  the  immi- 


grant can  leave  his  family  in  perfect  safety,  and  at 
little  expense,  while  he  goes  forth  into  the  country 
to  select  his  future  home.  The  Company  does  not 
make  any  charge  to  the  immigrant  for  the  use  of 
these  buildings.  There  are  grain  elevators  at  each 
of  these  stations. 

The  beautiful  town  of  Monticello  is  located  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi-  river,  3%  miles 
from  Big  Lake.  It  contains  about  700  inhabitants, 
two  churches,  school  houses,  and  a  saw  mill.  There 
is  a  weekly  newspaper  published  here. 

Clear-water,  at  the  mouth  of  Clearwater  river, 
and  3  miles  from  Clear  Lake  station,  contains  school 
houses,  churches,  a 
good    hotel,     and 
good  saw  and  grist 
mills.      Clearwater 
\  Lake  is  particularly 
j  attractive,    on   ac- 
3  count  of  its  large 
and     many    small 
lakes.         A.    stu;;e 
leaves   here    three 
times-  a  week  for 
Fair  Haven,  King- 
ston,  and     Forest 
City. 

Buffalo,  the 
county  seat  of 
Wright  county,  is 
anew  town  on  the 
lain1,  beautiful 
lake  of  the  same 
name,  and  now  has 
a  hotel,  a  school 
house,  county 

buildings,  and  two 
saw  mills. 

Fair  Haven,  is 
17  miles  southwest 
from  Clear  Lake  station.  It  contains  a  hotel,  a 
church,  school  house,  and  a  saw  and  grist  mill. 

East  St.  Cloud  Station,  is  74  miles  northwes- 
terly from  St.  Paul.  Near  this  station  are  extensive 
granite  quarries,  which  are  now  being  worked,  and 
will  produce  an  unlimited  supply  of  the  finest  build- 
ing stone  in  the  State.  There  is  a  grain  elevator  at 
this  station,  and  a  fine  wagon  bridge  spans  the  Mis- 
sissippi,' leading  into  the  centre  of  the  city  of  St. 
Cloud. 

Sauk  Rapids,  the  present  terminus  of  this  road, 
and  the  county  seat  of  Benton  county,  is  2  miles 
above  East  St.  Cloud.  It  is  a  town  of  considerable 
importance,  and  rapidly  growing  in  population  and 
business.  It  is  located  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  at  the  falls  o-f  Sauk  Rapids,  from 
which  it  derives  its  name.  The  Mississippi  river 
at  this  point  is  600  feet  wide,  and  has  a  fall  of  18  feet 
in  one  mile,  affording  a  water  power  surpassed  only 
by  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  and  equaled  by  no 
water  power  in  the  Northwest.  Sauk  Rapids  already 


96 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


contains  two  spacious  hotels,  churches,  and  school 
houses.  The  same  granite  ledge  referred  to  at  East 
St.  Cloud,  also  extends  to  this  place,  and  quarries 
were  operled  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  the 
dam  of  the  Water  Power  Company.  In  the  course 
of  this  work  it  was  discovered  that  the  granite 
reached  several  feet  below  the  surface,  and  improved 
so  much  in  quality  that  it  equals,  if  not  surpasses, 
the  famous  Quincy  granite. 

Near  Watab,  5  miles  above  Sank  Rapids,  new 
quarries  have  been  lately  opened,  containing  awhile 
granite  almost  equal  to  marble. 


St.  Cloud,  the  largest  commercial  town  above 
St.  Anthony,  contains  about  4,000  inhabitants.  It 
has  several  hotels,  school  houses,  five  churches, 
two  saw  mills,  sash,  blind  and  door  factories,  etc. 
Three  weekly"  papers  are  issued  here.  The  St.  Vin- 
cent extension  of  the  branch  line  starts  from  this 
point.  It  is  over  300  miles  long.  It  passes  through 
the  fertile  Sank  Valley,  touching  nearly  all  the 
principal  towns  therein,  viz.-  St.  Joseph,  Mtlrose, 
Sank  Center.  Osakis,  Alexandria,  and  many  others, 
the  trade  of  which  will  largely  increase  the  business 
of  St.  Cloud. 


There  is,  in  connection  with  this  Company,  a  Land  Department,  for  the  disposal  of 
the  lands  acquired  by  the  act  of  Congress.  These  lands  have  been  reserved  from  sale 
since  1857,  and  are  now  offered  to  actual  settlers.  They  are  the  odd  numbered  sections, 
situated  on  either  side  of,  and  within  twenty  miles  of,  the  lines  of  railroad.  The  even 
numbered  sections  have  been,  for  the  most  part,  disposed  of  under  the  homestead  and 
pre-emption  laws.  The  railroad  lands  are  offered  at  low  prices  and  upon  easy  terms. 


TO  SPARTA,  WINONA,  AND  BEYOND. 

We  have  to  retrace  our  steps,  and  find  our  way  back  to  Elroy,  but  in  this  case  there 
is  no  hardship,  for  we  step  into  a  magnificent  Pullman  Palace  car  at  the  depot,  used 
by  the  West  Wisconsin  Railway  at  Minneapolis  or  St.  Paul,  and  in  ten  hours  are  back 
to  Elroy.  Here  we  change  cars  if  we  come  from  the  north,  but  if  from  Chicago 
we  do  not,  as  we  have  beon  in  one  of  the  Pullman  Palace  cars  that  runs  through  from 
Chicago  to  Winona  on  each  through  train.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  Chica- 
go &  North- Western  Railway  is  the  only  road  that  runs  the^e  cars  between  Chicago 
and  Sparta  and  Winona,  and  any  point  in  Wisconsin  or  Minnesota.  Do  not  overlook 
this  fact  when  you  are  selecting  your  route  by  which  to  visit  any  of  these  northwestern 
points.  Comfort  and  safety  are  always  secured  if  you  are  securely  fixed  in  a  Pullman 
Sleeper.  We  must  push  westward.  After  leaving  Elroy,  and  passing  westward, 
we  find — 


Glendale,  217  miles  from  Chicago.  This  village 
of  200  people,  is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  trouting  coun- 
try. Many  streams,  almost  alive  with  brook  trout, 
are  found  within  4  to  6  miles.  Game  is  quite  plen- 
tiful. The  Glendale  House,  by  W.  R.  Hart,  offers 
good  fare  to  the  sportsman.  Large  quantities  of 
manufactured  wagon  stock  are  shipped  from  here. 

Kendalls,  219  miles  from  Chicago,  is  not  an  im- 
portant, but  is  a  growing  station.  It  has  three 
hotels.  Lake  Torrence  is  half  a  mile  distant,  and  is 
stocked  with  brook  trout.  Albinville,  4  miles  dis- 
tant, Homewood  and  Clifton,  each  10  miles,  are 
reached  daily  by  stuge. 

Wilton,  228  miles  from  Chicago,  population  500, 
is  built  at  the  head  waters  of  Kickapoo  creek, 
which,  with  lateral  streams,  are  full  of  brook  trout. 
Bear,  deer  and  squirrel  are  found  in  the  surround- 
ing forests,  while  prairie  chickens,  partridee,  pheas- 
ants, quail  and  grouse  are  plentiful  in  the  clearings. 
The  village  contains  good  schools,  two  churches, 
flour  and  saw  mills,  a  town  hall,  and  two  hotels. 
Ontario,  10  miles  south,  and  Jiidgeville,  2fr  miles 
distant,  are  reached  by  stage. 

Norwalk,  233  miles  from  Chicago,  population 
BOO.  Brook  trout  streams,  and  many  kinds  of  game, 
are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Summit ,  236  miles  from  Chicago,  is  at  the  south 
end  of  tunnel  No.  3,  which  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile 


long.  On  this  part  of  the  line  will  be  found  three 
long  tunnels  through  the  hills,  and  much  pictur- 
esque and  wild  scenery. 

Sparta,  246  miles  from  Chicago,  is  an  incorpo- 
rated village  of  four  thousand  inhabitants,  and  one 
of  the  finest  inland  towns  of  Central  Wisconsin. 
Situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  entirely  surrounded  by 
gigantic  bluffs  and  rocky  elevations,  near  the  head 
waters  of  the  La  Crosse  river,  it  presents,  with  its 
handsome  white  painted  dwellings  and  church  edi- 
fices, its  costly  business  houses  and  public  build- 
ings, with  streets  adorned  with  natural  and  culti- 
vated foliage,  the  appearance  of  a  prosperous  South- 
ern country-seat.  Its  surroundings  arc  picturesque, 
and  even  romantic.  To  the  northwest,  and  at  a 
distance  of  five  miles,  can  be  seen  Castle  Rock, 
towering  majestically  to  a  height  of  seven  hundred 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  river,  standing  like  a 
silent  sentinel  on  the  top  of  the  encircling  cordon 
of  bluffs  that  surround  the  valley.  From  its  lofty 
Hiimmit  can  be  feen  the  blue  hil!s  of  Minnesota, 
across  the  "  Father  of  Waters,"  and  an  extended 
panorama  of  hill  and  dale  is  presented  to  the  admir- 
ing gaze.  Looking  back  to  the  southward,  the  eye 
rests— in  summer— on  the  verdure-covered  plain 
below,  dotted  over  with  its  nice  farm  houses,  teem- 
ing fields  of  grain,  and  crystal  streams  of  pure  soft 
water,  abounding  plentifully  with  the  finest  of 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


97 


speckled  trout,  affording  sport  and  recreation  for 
the"  troutist,"  in  the  midst  of  which  Sparta  stands. 
Monarch  of  the  Valley.  Pleasure  drives  and  hunt- 
ing grounds  are  numerous.  Delightful  camping 
places  and  pic-nic  resorts  are  everywhere  to  be 
founa  beneath  the  ridges  that  encircle  the  town. 

In  addition  to  the  general  natural  and  artificial 
advantages  and  attractions  which  Sparta  presents, 
it  offers  special  inducements  to  those  in  search  of 
health  or  cure  of  diseases.  To  this  class,  nature, 
art  and  science  seem  to  have  combined  and  concen- 
trated here  the  means  for  the  treatment  and  suc- 
cessful rejuvenating  and  curing  those  suffering 
from  ailments  incident  to  life  in  less  favored  local- 
ities. 

In  October,  1867,  the  boring  of  an  artesian  well  was 
undertaken,  ft  r  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  vil- 
lage with  water.  This  object  was  successfully  ac- 
•complishcd- a  supply  of  mineral  water  was  unex- 
pectedly obtained  at  a  depth  of  three  hundred  and 
fifteen  feet,  which  is  free  to  all  visitors.  Several 
•of  these  wells  have  since 
been  sunk,  and  a  careful 
•analysis,  by  accomplish- 
ed experts,  haa  demon- 
strated that  the  water 
possessed  remarkable 
medicinal  and  curative 
properties. 

Dm  ing  the  year  1875, 
not  less  than  twenty-five 
thousand  strangers  par- 
took of  the  healing  wa- 
ter of  these  remarkable 
wells,  who,  without  a 
single  exception,  made 
unreserved  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  benefits  they 
had  received  in  conse- 
quence thereof.  A  thor- 
ough analysis  of  it  re- 
veals the  fact  that  the 
water  has  110  superior 
as  a  chalybeate  and  tonic 
water,  on  this  continent  or  tn  Europe. 

The  hotel  accommodations  of  Sparta  are  excel- 
lent. The  Warner.  The  Ida,  The  American,  The 
Windship,  The  Wagner,  The  Bates,  and  The  Laird 
hotels  furnish  ample  accommodations.  All  of  the 
comforts,  conveniences  and  essential  luxuries,  are 
to  be  had  for  less  than  half  the  cost  of  the  same 
M  the  Eastern  watering  places. 

Sparta  has  a  large  trade  in  grain— in  wheat  es- 
pecially ;  more  than  1,000,000  bushels  of  grain, 
and  50,000  barrels  of  flour  are  shipped  from  here 
annually.  It  has  a  paper  mill,  making  40.COO 
pounds  of  paper  daily,  a  county  court  house,  opera 
house  that  seats  COO  persons,  one  public  hall, 
The  Ida,  seating  800,  two  newspapers,  and  three 
banks.  Trout  are  abundant,  there  being  over  250 
miles  of  trout  streams  in  the  county  (Monroe). 
Perch  Lake  was  artificially  stocked  with  perch. 

Bear  in  mind  that  the  direct  route  from  Chicago 
to  Sparta,  is  by  the  old  reliable  North-Western  road. 
Do  not  be  deceived  in  buying  tickets  to  Sparta,  by 
longer  and  more  circuitous  routes. 

Leon,  4  miles  south,  Angela,  Smiles,  Cataract, 
It  miles  north,  St.  Mary's,  10 miles  southeast,  Coon, 


25  miles  south,  Viroqua,  32  miles  south,  and  Onta- 
rio, 30  miles  southeast,  are  tributary,  and  are 
reached  by  daily  stage.  HERSEYVILLE,  250  miles, 
and  FISH  CREEK,  252  miles  from  Chicago,  are  unim- 
portant stations. 

Bangor,  255  miles  from  Chica2o,  is  a  village  of 
600  inhabitants,  16  miles  cast  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  It  has  three  hotels,  oire  woolen  mill,  three 
churches,  and  a  good  school.  Excellent  fishing  and 
shooting  can  be  found  close  to  the  village,  in  the 
La  Crosse  river,  within  a  fourth  of  a  mile  of  the 
town.  Pike,  pickerel,  black  and  rock  bass,  and 
several  other  varieties  of  fish,  are  found  in  great 
abundance.  A  fine  (brook)  trout  stream  flows 
through  the  village,  and  half  a  mile  from  it  is  a 
large  artificial  trout  pond,  fully  stocked  with  fish. 
In  the  woods  which  surround  the  village,  art 
found  deer,  squirrel,  and  wild  turkeys.  Many  bird- 
dogs  are  kept  here  for  hire,  and  there  is  also  a  pack 
of  hounds  for  fox  hunting,  owned  by  the  Hon. 
John  Bradley,  who  has  a  summer  residence  at  t hU 


Highland  Hall,  Highland  Park,  III.— page  .104. 

place.  The  Bangor  House,  by  E.  A.  De  Van,  will 
be  found  to  b  j  a  comfortable  home  for  hunters. 

West  Salem,  260  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in  La 
Crosse  county,  1  mile  from  La  Crosse  river.  Min- 
doro,  North,  Bend,  and  Melrose,  are  tributary.  The 
village  contains  GOO  peop'.c,  and  has  a  good  graded 
school  with  four  departments,  three  churches,  one 
hotel,  and  one  public  artesian  we1.!. 

Wlnona  Junction,  267  miles  from  Chicago. 
This  station  is  our  depot  for  the  city  of  LA  CROSSE, 
2>$  miles  down  the  river.  La  Croese  contains  over 
10,000  inhabitants,  and  is  a  fine  business  centre. 
We  here  reach  the  line  of  the  La  Crosse,  Trempea- 
leau  &  Prescott  Railroad,  now  owned  by  the  Chi 
cago  &  North- Western  Railway,  and  forming  from 
this  point  to  Winona,  30  miles  distant,  the  western 
end  of  the  present  Madison  division  of  the  Chicago 
&  Xorth-\Vestern  Railway. 

Onalaska,  260 miles  from  Chicago.  This  village 
has  500  people;  is 5  miles  from  the  city  of  La  Crosse, 
to  which  stages  run  twice  daily,  connecting  with 
both  our  passenger  trains.  A  stage  also  runs  from 
here  via  Melrose  to  Black  River  Falls,  three  times 
each  week.  Considerable  lumbering  is  carried  on  at 


98 


THE   NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


this  station.  From  this  point  a  line  of  railroad  is 
being  built  into  La  Crosse,  and  soon  we  shall  have 
our  through  trains  running  into  that  enterprising 
city. 

Midway,  273  miles  from  Chicago.  New  Amster- 
dam, Smiles  distant,  McOilroy'8  Ferry,  5  miles, 
Gale's  Ferry,  uncLStevenstown,  Smiles,  are  tributa- 
ry. La  Crosse,  8  miles  distant,  is  reached  by  stage. 

Trempealeau,  284  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in 
Trempealeau  county,  (a  large  but  not  densely  pop- 
ulated county,)  7  miles  from  Galesville,  the  cap.- 
Ital  of  the  county,  and  has  600  inhabitants.  PINE 
CREEK,  291  miles,  MARSHLAND,  292  miles,  and 
BLUFF  SIDE,  295  miles  from  Chicago,  are  new  sta- 
tions. We  have  now  reached  the  Mississippi  river, 
and  will  cross  it  on  a  fine  bridge,  built  at  a  cost  of 


W.  S.  Ingraham's  Cold  Fish  Pond,  Waukegan,  IIL— page  105 


$350,000  by  the  Chjcago  &  North- Western  Railway 
Co.,  and  at  297  miles  from  Chicago  reach 

Winona.  This  city  of  11,000  persons,  is  the  cap- 
ital of  Winona  county,  Minn.,  which  was  organized 
in  1854,  and  has  28,000  inhabitants.  Lake  Winona 
adjoins  the  city  limits,  and  in  an  early  day  was  so 
noted  for  its  game,  that  its  surroundings  were  named 
"  Prairie  aux  Isle,"  or  "  Prairie  of  Winged  Fowl." 
Some  years  after  it  was  named  Wabasha  Prairie, 
after  the  Sioux  chief  of  that  name,  whose  tribe  for 
many  generations  made  this  location  its  home.  The 
county  is  quite  famous  for  its  trout  streams.  The 
city  of  Winona  is  the  largest  and  most  important 


commercial  city  in  Southern  Minnesota,  and  the 
third  in  point  of  population  in  the  State,  and  is  sit- 
uated on  a  beautiful  level  prairie,  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Mississippi  river.  The  first  white  settlement 
made  in  this  place  was  in  1851. 

Winona  is  noted  for  the  natural  beauty  of  its  site  ; 
for  its  healthfulness  ;  for  the  air  of  taste,  comfort, 
and  culture  which  pervades  its  residences  ;  for  its 
excellent  system  of  schools  ;  and  generally  for  its 
thrift,  energy,  and  commercial  activity.  It  has  the 
best  system  of  graded  schools  in  Minnesota,  and  is, 
in  addition,  the  seat  of  the  first  State  Normal  School, 
an  exceedingly  well  conducted  and  successful  insti 
tution,  for  the  training  of  teachers. 

The  business  portion  of  the  town  is  compactly 
and  substantially  built  of  brick  and  stone,  thp 
streets  are  wide  and  regularly 
laid  out,  and  its  whole  ap- 
pearance betokens  business 
activity  and  prosperity. 

It  has  public  school  houses 
that  cost  $235,000,  a  Normal 
School  building  that  cost 
$82,000,  seventeen  churcnea 
that  cost  $250,000,  six  lum- 
|  ber  firms  that  sell  50,000,000 
feet  of  lumber  yearly,  six 
1  flour  mills— one  being  the 
largest  in  the  State  —  two 
foundries,  five  sash,  door 
and  blind  factories,  two  bar- 
rel factories,  a  court  house 
and  jail,  three  fine  public 
halls,  seating  2,100  persons, 
many  hotels  and  manufac- 
tories not  named  above,  and 
a  large  number  of  whole- 
sale and  retail  business 
houses.  Stages  run  daily  to 
Alma  and  Fountain  City, 
three  times  a  week  to  Rush- 
ford,  and  twice  weekly  to 
Houston. 

We  have  thus  briefly 
sketched  the  history  and 
business  condition  of  the- 
be;:utiful  and  prosperous 
young  city  of  Winona. 
Having  attained  its  present 
growth  and  prosperity  un- 


der  many  adverse  circumstances,  there  is  abun- 
dant reason  to  believe  that  now,  with  important 
and  increasing  railroad  facilities  secured— with  a 
position  admirably  adapted  to  the  carrying  on 
of  extended  commercial  and  manufacturing  opera- 
tions—and with  a  liberal  minded  and  energetic 
population— its  future  will  be  as  bright  and  suc- 
cessful as  its  most  sanguine  founders  ever  dared 
to  hope  for. 

To  reach  this  pleasant  and  prosperous  city,  you 
must  take  the  trains  of  the  Chicago  &  North- West- 
ern Railway  Company,  as  it  is  the  only  line  that 
controls  the  entire  route  from  Chicago  to  this  point. 


FINE  LAND  AT  LOW  RATES. 

The  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY  COMPANY  has,  through  the  Winona 
&  St.   Peter  Railroad  Company,  for  sale,  in  tracts  of  40  acres  and  upwards,  at  from  $S£ 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


to  $10  per  acre  (on  time),  about  1,104,664  acres  of  choice  farming  lands  in  the  State  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  Territory  of  Dakota,  along  the  line  of  said  Winona&  St.  Peter  Rail- 
road, between  Winona,  on  the  Mississippi  river,  and  Lake  Kampeska,  in  the  Territory 
of  Dakota. 

These  lands  are  very  desirable  for  the  production  of  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  other 
small  grain,  and  all  other  farm  products  usually  raised  in  that  latitude.  They  are  well 
watered  by  springs  and  clear  running  streams.  The  spring  seasons  are  early,  and  under 
the  warm  summer  days  of  Minnesota  and  Dakota,  the  warm  and  friable  soil  of  these 
lands  will  richly  repay  the  husbandman  for  his  labor  thereon  with  abundant  crops. 
Minnesota  lands,  as  is  well  known,  produce  the  greatest  number  of  bushels  of  wheat 
per  acre,  on  the  average,  which  is  of  the  finest  quality,  and  commands  the  highest 
prices  in  market  of  any  wheat  raised  in  the  United  States  of  America. 

Full  particulars  of  these  lands  can  be  obtained  by  addressing  GEORGE  P.  GOODWIN, 
Land  Commissioner  of  the  Chicago  &  North-Western  Railway  Company,  Chicago,  111. 


Minnesota  City,  303  miles  from  Chicago,  is  on 
Rolling  Stone  river,  and  has  lino  water  power,  on 
which  are  two  flour  mills,  one  of  six  and  the  other 
of  thirteen  run  of  stone,  manufacturing  90,000  to 
100,000  barrels  of  flour,  and  buying  over  2,000,000 
bushels  of  wheat  yearly.  Brook  trout  in  consider- 
able numbers  are  caught  in  the  streams  at  the  head 
waters  of  the  river.  Population  of  village,  500. 

Stockton,  308  miles  from  Chicago.  Population, 
750.  Is  located  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  timbered 
bluffs  It  contains  a  flour  mill,  school,  hotel,  and 
two  churches. 

Lewiston,  316  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  pretty 
village  of  400  people. 

Utica,  319  miles  from  Chicago.  Population,  200. 
Has  one  hotel,  three  grain  elevators,  and  a  good 
school. 

St.  Charles,  325  miles  from  Chicago.  Is  an 
active,  bustling  city  of  1,500  people.  The  city  is 
built  in  a  valley,  is  surrounded  with  wooded  bluffs, 
and  has  one  graded  school,  seven  churches,  and 
three  hotels. 

Dover,  329  miles  from  Chicago,  is  in  Olmstead 
county,  Is  strictly  a  temperance  town,  and  has  four 
grain  elevator?,  handling  600,000  bushels  of  wheat 
yearly,  two  hotels,  and  200  inhabitants.  Chatfield, 
10  miles  south,  and  Plainview,  10  miles  north,  are 
reached  by  stage. 

Eyota,  334  miles  from  Chicago,  has  a  population 
of  500  persons,  a  good  school  of  two  departments, 
one  church,  a  public  hall  that  rents  at  $10  per  night, 
and  one  hotel.  Elgin,  11  miles  northwest,  is  reached 
weekly  by  stage. 

Chester,  341  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  village  of 
200  people. 

Rochester,  347  miles  from  Chicago,  Is  the  county 
seat  of  Olmstead  county,  which  was  organized  in 
1858,  and  now  has  21,000  people  resident  therein. 
The  Zumbro  (?)and  Root  rivers  run  through  the 
county,  and  besides  furnishing  ample  water  power, 
thoroughly  drain  the  land.  Two-thirds  of  the 
county  is  of  gently  undulating  prairie,  and  the  rest 
heavily  wooded  with  oak,  hickory,  maple,  and 
other  hard  woods.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  not  sur- 
passed in' richness  by  any  in  the  State.  The  city  of 
Rochester  contains  about  5,000  people,  and  is  loca- 
ted in  a  beautiful  valley  about  two  miles  wide, 
through  which  the  Zumbro  (?)  river  runs.  Pictur- 
esque biuffs  lie  along  the  valley,  from  the  crests  of 


which  many  fine  views  are  obtained.  The  city  has 
wide  streets,  fine  business  houses,  large  manufac- 
tories, fine  residences,  eleven  churches,  and  several 
schools  ;  one  school  building  cost  $75,000,  and  two 
others  $7,000  each.  The  court  house  is  a  fine  brick 
structure,  and  cost  $50,000.  Two  public  halle,  seat- 
ing 1,500  people,  furnish  ample  facilities  for  theatres, 
concerts,  and  other  shows.  Three  hotels  furnish 
first  class  fare  for  transient  guests.  At  the  depot 
is  a  first  class  eating  house,  by  C.  C.  Morrill,  at 
which  all  passenger  trains  stop  for  meals.  Four 
stage  lines  centre  here,  viz.  :  High  Forest,  via 
Steivarlsville,  15  miles,  fare  $1.00  ;  Spring  Valley, 
via  Marion  and  Pleasant  Grove,  34  miles,  fare  $1.50 ; 
l.uk>  City,  via  Oronoco,  Mazeppa,  Bear  Valley,  and 
Lincoln,  40  miles,  fare  $?.50  ;  Red  Wing,  via  Orono- 
co, Pine  Island,  and  Zumbro,  47  miles,  fare  $3.25. 
Game  is  abundant  on  the  prairie  around  the  city. 

Olmstead,  352  miles  from  Chicago,  an  unimpor- 
tant station. 

Byron,  356  miles  from  Chicago.  Population, 
200.  Is  3  miles  from  Zumbro  ( f )  river,  has  a  school, 
two  churches,  and  one  hotel. 

Kasson,  362  miles  from  Chicago.  This  is  a 
handsome  village  of  1,500  people.  It  has  doubled 
its  population  in  the  last  two  years.  Is  surrounded 
by  one  of  the  largest  wheat  growing  districts  in  the 
State.  It  has  a  fine  hotel,  four  churches,  and  two 
schools. 

Dodge  Centre,  368  miles  from  Chicago.  Is  in 
Dodge  county,  8  miles  from  Mantorvillt,  the  county 
seat,  which  has  a  population  of  1,000,  and  with" 
Wasioga,  6  miles,  and  Concord,  2  miles  distant 
from  Dodge  Centre,  are  reached  by  daily  stage. 
The  village  has  900  inhabitants,  and  has  wide, 
shaded  streets— in  fact,  there  are  so  many  shade 
and  ornamental  trees  within  the  limits,  that  the 
citizens  call  their  place  "The  Park  City."  The 
principal  hotel  is  The  Kinney  House. 

Claremont,  375  miles  from  Chicago.  Popula- 
tion, 200.  Is  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  farming  country. 
Wild  land  sells  from  $6  to  $25  per  acre. 

Havana,  382  miles  from  Chicago.  An  unimpor- 
tant station,  opened  in  1875. 

Owatonna,  387  miles  from  Chicago.  The  name  is 
from  an  Indian  word,  "Ouitunya,"  meaning  straight, 
hence  Straight  river  is  the  official  name  of  the  stream 
on  which  this  city  is  built.  This  is  the  capital  of  Steel 
county,  which  was  organized  in  1854,  and  has  11,000 


100 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


inhabitants.  This  city  is  in  the  centre  of  a  very 
fertile  county,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  grain,  mer- 
chandise, and  agricultural  implements.  It  has  fine 
schools,  two  churches,  a  cheese  factory,  using  the 
milk  of  400  cows,  stone-ware  factory,  Sour  mills 
.an  opera  house,  three  banks,  with  $200,000  capital, 


three  newspapers,  and  a  number  of  large  manufac- 
tures. It  has  eight  hotels,  three  at  least  being  first 
class.  The  court  house  is  well  built,  and  adapted 
for  county  business.  Mineral  springs  have  been 
discovered  H  miles  from  the  city,  and  are  being 
developed  by  a  company  who  own  the  land  on 


which  nine  of  the  springs  are  located.  The  water 
of  one  of  the  springs  is  said  to  resemble  that  of  the 
celebrated  Vichy.  Dodge  City,  Morion,  Albert 
Lea,  and  Freeborn,  are  reached  by  stage  from  this 
station.  Jtice,  Beaver,  and  Oak  Glen  Lakes  arc  2 
to  4  miles  distant  from  the  depot.  At  this  point  we 
cross  the  IOWA  &  MINNESOTA 
division  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railway,  and  find  direct  rail 
connections  (orMedford,  6  miles, 
Faribault,  15  miles,  Dundas,  26 
miles,  and  Northfleld,  29  miles 
distant.  Passengers  for  these 
points  should  see  that  thqjr 
tickets  read  via  the  Chicago  & 
Nbrth-Westcrn  Railway,  all  the 
way  from  Chicago  to  Owatonna. 
Meriden,  396  miles  from  Chi- 
cago, is  a  village  of  100  people. 

Waseca,  402  miles  from  Chi- 
cago, is  the  county  seat  of 
Waseca  county,  which  was  or- 
ganized in  1857.  This  is  one  of 
the  best  wheat  counties  in  the 
State.  The  name  is  Dakota  In- 
dian, and  means  "The  Laud  of 
Plenty."  In  the  early  history  of 
this  county  are  some  features 
that  will  bear  repeating.  The 
first  settlers  reached  here  Feb- 
ruary 7, 1855,  and  found  the  snow 
five  feet  deep.  They  built  a 
house  of  logs,-  "  chinked"  it  with 
grass,  and  "  banked  it  up"  with 
snow.  The  nearest  settlement 
was  in  Iowa,  100  miles  south. 
In  1857  the  credit  of  the  county 
was  so  poor,  and  money  so 
scarce,  that  the  county  authori- 
ties in  borrowing  money  on  the 
credit  of  the  county,  had  to  pay 
interest  at  the  rate  of  five  per 
cent,  per  month,  and  that  for 
fifteen  months  at  a  time.  The 
winter  of  1858-'9  set  in  early,  and 
was  of  unusual  length  and  sever- 
ity. Family  supplies  and  food 
of  all  kinds  became  scarce,  and 
before  spring  were  exhausted. 
Corn  bran  alone  was  left,  and  for 
weeks  was  the  only  food  used  by 
the  people.  When  the  snow 
melted,  wild  roots  were  dug, 
which  with  milk,  served  the 
people  for  many  weeks.  Finally 
the  plant  ginseng  was  found  in 
the  woods,  and  farmers,  lawyers, 
doctors,  priests,  and  all  the  peo- 
ple, dug  up  its  roots  and  sent 
them  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  over 
200  miles,  for  a  market,  and  from 
the  proceeds  managed  to  live 
until  the  next  harvest  was  ripe.  What  a  change 
time  has  wrought  !  Now  the  county  is  thickly  set- 
tled with  a  rich  population,  does  not  owe  a  dollar, 
and  is  in  every  way  prosperous  and  prospering. 
The  village  was  laid  out  in  1858,  and  now  contains  a 
population  of  1,500  persons.  Its  court  house  is  of 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


101 


brick,  and  it  has  good  schools,  seven  churches, 
brick  business  blocks,  banks,  public  halls,  flour 
mills,  grain  elevators,  and  good  hotels. 

Janes  villo,  413  miles  from  Chicago,  a  village  of 
700  people,  in  Waseca  county,  on  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Elyrian,  a  beautiful  body  of  pure,  clear  water,  7 
miles  long.  The  lake  is  stocked  with  many  varieties 
offish.  Salmon  have  recently  been  introduced.  Oka- 
man  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  and  Alma,  G  miles  south, 
arc  reached  by  stage.  The  village  contains  a  grain 
elevator,  holding  45,000  bushels,  schools,  three 
churches,  a  flour  mill  with  four  run  of  stone,  and 
two  hotels.  The  celebrated  Lake  Elyrian  farm  of 
Col.  Charles  Do  Graff,  adjoins  the  village,  contains 
2,700  acres,  and  is  thoroughly  stocked  with  bloodetl 
animals,  amongst  which  ia  a  large  herd  of  Alderncys. 

Eagle  Lake,  421  i.'.lcs  from  Chicago.  This  sta- 
tion is  in  Blue  Earth  county, 
and  in  the  centre  of  "The 
Big  Woods,"  which  runs 
along  the  Minnesota  river  for 
over  100  miles.  The  village 
contains  300  people,  four 
school*,  one  church,  saw 
and  flour  mills,  one  grain 
elevator,  and  one  hotel.  The 
Tillage  is  built  on  the  shore 
of  Eagle  L-ikc,  which  is  5 
miles  in  circumference,  and 
la  '-full  cf  flsh."  No  better 
water-fowl  shooting  grounds 
can  be  found  in  the  country. 
Reed  birds  arc  found  in 
countless  numbers.  Madison 
Lake,  -10  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, is  3  miles  north,  James- 
town, 14  miles  cast,  Tivo'.a, 
8  miles  cast,  WlnnebaQO 
Agency,  5  miles  distant,  arc 
tributary.  The  La  Sucur  river 
is  5  miles  cast. 

Mankato,  432  miles  from 
Chicago.    This  is  one  of  the 
finest,  largest,  most  thriving 
and   growing   cities    in    the 
State.    It  is  the  county  scat 
of  Blue    Earth   county,  and 
contains   over  5,500  inhabit- 
ants.    Five  rivers  converge 
here*,  and  empty  into  the  Min- 
nesota river  ;     they  arc  the 
Blue  Earth,  Maple,  Cobb,1   La   Suenr,  and  Wau- 
tomvun,  and  cause  the  vicinity  to  be  called   the 
"Undine  Region."     In   the  county   arc    also   80 
lakes :    Loon,    Crystal,    Jackson's,    Eagle,    Rice, 
Madison,  Laura,  Wilte,  and  Minncopn,  being  the 
largest.    The  Falls  of  Minncopa,  on  the  outlet  of 
lakes  Crystal  and   Loon,  are  very  fine,  and  are 
claimed   to   be   finer   than    Minnehaha  in  many 
respects.    We  give  two  views  of  these  falls.    One, 
a  winter  scene,  shows  the  beautifying  effect  of 
winter-work  on  the  cataract  and  its  surroundings. 
La  Sucur,  a  French  voyagcur,  built  in  1700  Fort  L. 
Hillier,  on  the  site  of  Mankato,  and  a  portion  of 
the  ruins  arc  etill  preserved.    Wild  land  C  to  12 
miles  from  Mankato,  can  bo  bought  for  from  $10 
to  $13  per  acre,  while  cultivated  farms  sell  for  from 
$30  to  $50  per  acre.    In  1875.  1,500,000  bushels  of 


wheat  were  sold  from  this  county.  In  the  city  are 
three  schools,  each  having  500  scholars,  Catholic 
and  Lutheran  church  schools,  twelve  churches,  oil 
works,  woolen  mill,  two  plow  factories,  two  iron 
foundries  and  machine  shops,  fifteen  hotels,  an 
academy  of  music,  that  cost  $20,000,  Tumor's  hall, 
that  cost  $10,000,  several  Hour  mills,  a  paper  mill, 
and  a  driving  park.  Ten  or  twelve  flowing  artesian 
wells  supply  ample  water  for  public  uses.  The 
Jesuits  arc  erecting  a  fine  college  building.  Sports- 
men can  have  rare  sport  here,  game  and  flsh  abound- 
ing. THE  ST.  PAUL  &  Sioux  CITY  R.  R.  here  gives 
us  rail  connections  for  the  country  traversed  by 
that  line. 

Kasota,  434  miles  from  Chicago.  .  This  village 
is  8  miles  west  of  Cleveland,  the  county  scat,  of  La 
Sueur  county,  which  is  reached  by  stage,  fare  75c. 


The  McAllister  Springs,  Waukegan,  III.— page   IO5. 

Around  the  village  are  many  beautiful  little  lakes, 
from  which  fish  may  be  taken  in  any  season  of 
the  year.  The  Minnesota  State  insane  asylum  is  one 
mile  north,  and  a  State  prison  is  being  erected  adja- 
cent. The  Kasota  House,  by  J.  W.  Babcock,  is  the 
best  hotel. 

St.  Peter,  437  miles  from  Chicago.  In  Nicollct 
county,  134  miles  from  St.  Paul,  by  river— the 
Minnesota,  or  as  once  called,  the  St.  Peter— may  be 
found  this  city  of  3,500  souls.  It  is  built  on  ter- 
races, on  the  left  bauk  of  the  river,  and  has  a  very 
attractive  and  picturesque  location.  Many  lakes 
arc  near  the  city,  and  one  of  them.  Lake  Emily,  has 
recently  been  stocked  with  Atlantic  salmon.  The 
city  contains  three  hotels,  afinc  brick  school  house, 
that  cost  $28,000,  and  seven  less  costly  ones.  The 
Swedish  Lutheran  church  has  a  college  here,  the 


102 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


buildings  and  grounds  costing  over  $50,000,  of  which 
$5,000  was  given  by  the  county,  and  $5.000  and  the 
land  by  the  city.  The  State  asylum  for  the  insane, 
situated  between  Kasota  and  St.  Peter,  occupies 
buildings  that  cost  $470,000 ;  they  are  very  com- 
plete, and  are  heated  by  steam. 

Oshawa,  447  miles  from  Chicago,  is  'a  village 
of  800  persons. 

Ntcollet,  451  miles  from  Chicago,  has  a  popu- 
lation of  300,  was  laid  out  in  1874,  has  a  grain  eleva- 
tor, holding  60,000  bushels,  one  hotel,  and  a  plow 
factory.  Swan  Lake,  one  mile  northwest,  is  15 
miles  long  by  10  wide,  and  is  full  of  heavily  tim- 
bered islands.  The  Wanpeton  band  of  Sioux 
Indians  claim  this  lake  as  their  home,  and  twice 
yearly  return  to  its  shores  to  offer  sacrifices  to  their 
gods,  or  to  the  dead  in  their  burial  place,  on  the 
shores  of  the  lake. 


Milwaukee  Previous  to  1835.— page  IO8 


Courtland,  459  miles  from  Chicago,  is  a  new 
station. 

New  Ulm,  467  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the  county 
eeat  of  Brown  county,  which  was  organized  in  1855, 
and  immediately  received  from  Chicago  over  300 
Germans,  who  have  since  attracted  many  hundred 
families  of  their  countrymen  to  the  city  and  county. 
The  city  shows  many  marks  of  German  thrift  and 
care,  and  is  noted  for  its  stability  and  conservatism. 
Turner  Hall,  and  Arbities  Hall,  together  cost  over 
$80,000,  and  serve  as  gathering  places  for  the  socia- 
ble inhabitants.  St.  Michael's  academy  has  the 
best  building  in  the  city.  It  is  occupied  by  the  Sis- 
ters of  the  Congregation  of  Christian  Love,  who, 
on  being  expelled  from  Prussia  by  order  of  Prince 
Bismark,  were  invited  to  settle  here.  In  1862  the 
city  having  200 houses  and  2,000  people,  was  besieged 
by  Sioux  Indians,  who  had  ravaged  the  county  for 
many  miles  around.  After  abandoning  their  homes, 
the  people  took  possession  of  and  held  a  large 
brick  house,  and  successfully  withstood  the  attacks 
of  the  Indians,  until  they  were  relieved  by  soldiers 


sent  here  for  that  purpose.  That  loop-holed  house 
still  stands.  Redwood  falls,  45  miles,  and  Beaver, 
40  miles  distant,  are  reached  by  stage.  In  the  sum- 
mer a  steamer  also  runs  to  Beaver,  via  the  Minne- 
sota river. 

We  now  leave  the  older  settled  part  of  the  line, 
and  reach  the  border. 

Sleepy-Eye  Lake,  480  miles  from  Chicago. 
The  lake  and  the  village  are  named  after  a  celebrated 
Dakota  Indian,  by  name  "  Ish-tahm-ba,"  or  Sleepy- 
Eye.  The  village  has  300  inhabitants.  Game 
abounds  in  the  vicinity,  and  many  varieties  of  fish 
in  the  lakes,  of  which,  besides  Sleepy-Eye,  there  are 
several.  Golden  Gate,  7  miles,  Iberia,  5  miles,  and 
Leavenworth,  7  miles,  are  tributary  post-villages, 
and  are  reached  by  stage.  Running  west  65  miles, 
we  pass  through  a  beautiful  prairie  country,  that 
i  s  but  now  .being  settled.  Three  years  ago  no  settler 
had  made  a  home 
beyond  Sleepy-Eye 
Lake,  and  not  until 
the  railroad  was 
completed  through 
this  section  could 
any  lands  be  se- 
cured. 

Burns,  Cotton- 
wood,  Walnut 
Grove,  lake 
Shetek,  and  Sar- 
atoga, are  sta- 
tions without 
agents. 

Marshall,  545 
miles  northwest  of 
Chicago,  is  the 
most  westerly  sta- 
tion having  an 
agent.  It  is  the 
county  seat  of  Ly- 
on  county,  which 
has  less  than  4,000 
people  in  it,  all 
told.  The  village 
has  a  population 
of  500,  and  is  built  on  Redwood  river.  It  has 
a  school,  two  churches,  two  hotels,  and  is  grow- 
ing rapidly.  Camden,  9  miles  southwest,  Lake  Ben- 
ton,  25  miles,  Granite  Falls,  30  miles,  Nordland,  12 
miles,  Redwood  falls,  40  miles,  Lac  Qui  Parle,  28 
miles,  State  Line,  40  miles  distant,  are  reached  by 
stages  weekly.  Forts  Thompson  and  Sully,  on  the 
Missouri  river,  about  165  miles  distant,  are  also 
reached  by  stage  from  this  station.  With  the  open- 
ing of  the  Black  Hills  to  the  gold  hunter  and  emi- 
grant, this  must  prove  a  good  outfitting  point,  as 
it  is  well  known  that  the  entire  route  from  this 
point  to  the  Missouri  river  is  over  a  fertile  prairie, 
heavily  covered  with  nutritious  grasses,  with  plenty 
of  wood  and  water.  The  railroad  is  built  from  here 
through  Lac  Qui  Parle,  State  Line,  Dakota,  Coteau, 
and  Prairie,  to  Lake  Kampeska,  624  miles  from 
Chicago,  but  as  the  country  is  as  yet  unsettled,  these 
stations  have  no  agents.  No  finer  country  can  be 
found  anywhere  than  lies  along  this  line,  and  now 
that  these  lands  are  in  the  market,  they  will  soon 
be  settled  as  thickly  as  any  other  part  of  the  line. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


103 


THE    MILWAUKEE    DIVISION,    AND   ITS 
CONNECTIONS. 

Leaving  Chicago  from  the  depot  at  the  corner  of  West  Kinzie  and  Canal  streets, 
this  line  follows  along  the  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  so  close  thereto,  that 
the  lake,  with  its  steamers  and  sailing  vessels,  are  almost  always  in  sight  from  the  trains. 
It  passes  through  a  succession  of  beautiful  and  flourishing  towns  and  villages,  amongst 
which  will  be  found  Evanston,  Highland  Park,  Lake  Forest,  Waukegan,  Glen  Flora, 
Kenosha,  Racine,  and  Milwaukee.  These  are  all  pleasant  summer  resorts,  and  offer  to 
the  summer  resident  many  facilities  that  cannot  be  found  further  away  from  the  great 
cities.  Besides  the  above  named,  along  this  line  are  a  large  number  of  pretty  villages, 
in  which  the  summer  can  be  spent  pleasantly  and  quietly.  Bear  in  mind  that  all  of 
these  places  enjoy  the  breezes  from  the  lake,  and  from  most  of  them  the  lake  is  but  a 
few  minutes  walk  distant.  To  reach  any  of  these  places,  you  must  take  the  Chicago  & 
North- Western  Railway,  as  it  is  the  only  line  that  reaches  them,  or  that  runs  along  the 
lake  shore. 

Suburban  trains  are  run  from  Chicago,  so  as  to  accommodate  those  living  on  this 
line,  but  doing  business  in  Chicago.  Below  will  be  found  a  tabular  statement,  showing 
rates  of  fare,  in  effect  June  1st,  1876,  (liable  to  change) : 

COMMUTATION  RATES  —  MILWAUKEE  DIVISION. 


Distances  from  Chicago. 

BETWEEN 

aDBHO-A-Gi-O 

AND 

Single  Ticket. 

10  Ride  Ticket,  unlim- 
ited. 

30  Rides,Familv  Ticket, 
good  for  4  Months. 

100  Rides,  Individual 
Ticket. 

Number  MonthtlOO  Ride 
Tickets  are  good. 

Annual  Ticket. 

First  Half-Yearly 

Ticket. 

_>. 
1 

1 

?! 

§H 
en 

5  3 

Belle  Plalne  

20 

1  40 

320 

720 

3 

4000 

2400 

1900 

S  8 

Ravens  wood  

.21 

1.55 

3.50 

7.20 

3 

43.00 

2600 

20.00 

6  7 

Summerdale  

.25 

1.80 

400 

7.20 

3 

48.00 

2900 

2200 

7  7 

Rose  Hill  

.27 

205 

460 

9  30 

3 

55  00 

3300 

25  00 

9  1 

Rogers'  Park  

.30 

2.40 

550 

12  00 

4 

65.00 

89.00 

29.00 

10  2 

Calvary  

.85 

2.70 

6  10 

12  70 

4 

6600 

4000 

3000 

10  8 

South  Kvanston  

40 

285 

650 

1400 

71  50 

42  50 

82  50 

11  8 

42 

8  15 

7  10 

14  70 

4 

72  00 

4300 

8300 

18  I 

North  E  vanston  

.45 

850 

7.90 

1575 

4 

72.50 

43  50 

3350 

14  0 

Wllmette  

.50 

870 

8  40 

1700 

4 

7500 

4500 

3400 

16  5 

\Vlnnetka  

60 

4  40 

9  90 

18  50 

4 

7600 

46  00 

3400 

17  5 

Lake  Side  

.62 

465 

1050 

19.40 

4 

77.00 

4700 

3500 

18  9 

.65 

500 

11  40 

21  00 

4 

8000 

4800 

3600 

21  8 

Ravinia  

.75 

565 

12.80 

22.40 

4 

8300 

5000 

3700 

22  9 

Highland  Park  

.80 

6.05 

13.80 

23.50 

4 

8500 

51  00 

8800 

24  2 

85 

640 

14  60 

2420 

4 

8800 

5300 

41  00 

28.0 

Lake  Forest  

1  00 

7.40 

16.80 

28.00 

4 

95.00 

5700 

4300 

80  1 

I  lor  k  him  1  

1  0» 

8.00 

18.10 

3000 

4 

10000 

6000 

4500 

35  6 

1  25 

945 

21  40 

85  50 

5 

11000 

6600 

50  00 

87.3 

Glen  Flora  

1  30 

9.90 

22.40 

87.30 

5 

11200 

66  00 

52.00 

89  9 

Benton  

1  40 

10.60 

24  00 

4000 

5 

117  00 

69  00 

5100 

51  4 

1  80 

13  65 

SO  90 

51  00 

g 

150  00 

9000 

67  00 

61.7 

Racine  

2  15 

<    16.85 

87  XX) 

61  00 

g 

86.0 

Milwaukee  

8.00 

22.50 

tsi.oo 

ily  Ticket!  limited  to  Four  Monthi 


t  Family  Tickets  limited  to  Six  Months. 


Leaving  the  city,  6  miles  out  we  come  to — 


Ravenswood,  a  rapidly  growing  village  with 
1,000  people,  and  having  good  schools,  churches,  etc. 
Summerdale  is  7  miles  out.  ROSE  HILL  with  its 
cemetery,  is  8  miles  from  Chicago.  The  village  is 
called  Lake  View,  and  the  post  office  Havelock. 
Boiomanville  is  1  mile  distant.  ROGERS'  PARK  is  9 
miles  from  Chicago  ;  first  house  built  in  1872,  and 
is  now  a  pleasant  village.  CALVARY  with  its  ceme- 
ery.  is  10  miles  from  Chicago.  SOUTH  EVANSTON, 


EVANSTON,  and  NORTH  EVANSTON,  are  11, 12  and  13 
miles  distant  from  Chicago,  and  together  have  about 
10,000  inhabitants.  Evanston  was  founded  in  1853, 
by  the  North- Western  University.  The  village  was 
named  after  Dr.  John  Evans,  since  Governor  of  Col- 
orado. It  is  strictly  a  temperance  town,  no  liquor 
being  allowed  to  be  sold  within  four  miles  of  the 
station.  It  is  the  site  of  the  Union  Theological 
School  and  Woman's  College.  Sixteen  hundred 


104 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


students  are  being  educated  here.  In  the  city  are 
gas  works,  water  woiks,  twelve  churches,  one  news- 
paper, banks,  and  many  fine  business  houses. 

Wilmette,  (Indian,  Ouilmette)  is  14  miles  from 
Chicago,  and  has  500  residents.  It  is  located  in  a 
natural  grove  of  hard  wood  trees,  which  lend  their 
attractions  to  the  place. 

AVinnetka.  The  name  is  said  to  be  Indian,  for 
"Beautiful  Land,"  which  well  describes  the  village. 
It  has  a  population  of  900  souls,  four  churches,  fine 
schools,  one  of  COD  scholars,  a  hotel  for  100  guests, 
and  business  houses  enough  tov  supply  all  the  com- 
mercial wants  of  th'e  people.  This  also  is  a  temper- 
ance village.  LAKE  SIDE,  18  miles  out,  is  agrow- 
ing  village.  GLEXCOE,  19  miles  from  Chicago,  was 
first  settled  by  W.  S.  Gurnee,  in  1869,  and  has  now 
500  residents.  The  village  is  half  a  mile  from  the 
station,  and  has  natural  groves,  good  water,  schools, 
and  churches.  RAVINIA,  21  miles  from  Chicago,  is 


Lake  Dells,  Milwaukee,  Wis.— 


.pushing  itself  into  notice  as  a  pleasant  suburb  of 
Chicago. 

Highland  Park,  23  miles  from  Chicago,  has  a 
charming  location,  on  high  bluffs  overlooking  Lake 
Michigan.  The  town  was  laid  out  by  a  company 
that  has  spent  much  money  in  building  streets  and 
walks,  and  otherwise  improving  it.  It  has  several 
good  schools,  four  churches,  and  excellent  society. 
Highland  Ilall  was  built  for  a  hotel,  and  is  used  for 
that  purpose  from  May  to  September,  while,  during 
the  rest  of  the  year,  it  is  occupied  as  a  Collegiate  In- 
stitution for  the  education  of  young  ladies,  with  the 
following  broad  and  comprehensive  curriculum  : 

A  Preparatory  Department— with  the  u«ual  Ele- 
mentary Branches,  pursued  with  great  thorough- 
ness ;  a  Department  of  Literature—  including  Gram- 
mar, Ancient,  Medieval  and  Modern  History,  Ehet- 
oric,  Composition,  Literature,  and  Criticism ;  a 
Department  of  Natural  Science— including  Physics, 
Chemistry,  Astronomy,  Mineralogy,  Geology,  Zool- 
ogy, and  Botany ;  a  Mathematical  Department- 
including  Algebra,  Book-Kccping,  Geometry,  Trig- 
onometry, and  its  applications ;  a  Department  of 


Hygiene-  including  Physiology,  Anatomy,  CaMs- 
thenics,  and  Practical  Lessons  in  care  of  the  Health; 
a  Department  of  Languages—  Latin  and  Greek, 
French,  German,  Spanish,  and  Italian  ;  a  Depart- 
ment of  Philosophy—  Mental  and  Moral,  Logic  and 
Civil  Government  ;  a  Department  of  Music—  the 
Piano,  the  Organ,  the  Guitar,  Harmony  and  Thor- 
ough Bass,  Individual  Vocal  Tra'ning,  and  Class 
Drill  ;  a  Department  of  .  Fine  Art—  Drawing  in  all 
styles,  Painting  in  Oils  and  Water  Colors,  Modeling 
and  Sculpture  ;  a  Department  of  Practical  Art- 
including  Telegraphy,  Wood  Engraving,  etc.  ;  an 
Optional  course  —  selected  from  the  foregoing 
studies,  to  suit  individual  wants  ;  with  careful 
instruction  in  Morals  and  the  Manners  of  Good  Soci- 
ety ;  all  under  the  instruction  of  able  Professors 
and  Teachers. 

President  Weston,  who  will  have  charge,  says  : 
"  In  transferring  our  educational  work  from  Lake- 
Forest  to  High- 
land Park,  it  is 
proper  to  state  to 
a  the  public  the 
reason!  of  the 
change.  The  trus- 
tees of  the  Lake 
Forest  University 
having  revived  the 
long  -  cherished 
project  of  building 
up  a  grand  institu- 
tion in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  Pres- 
byterian church, 
have  determined 
to  unite  the  La- 
dies' Seminary 
']  (Ferry  Hall),  and 
1  the  Boys'  Acad- 
'  emy,  under  one 
presidency,  and 
thus  to  'lay  the 
foundation-  of 
their  projected 
University  for 
young  men  and  women.  Having  ourselves  under- 
taken a  different  enterprise,  and  carried  it  for- 
ward thus  far  with  gratifying  success,  we  purpose 
to  continue  thr.t  work  at  Highland  Park,  with  a 
college  corporation  organized  under  the  laws  of 
the  State,  for  the  education  of  young  ladies,  with- 
out connection  with  any  school  for  young  men, 
and  conducted  in  the  special  interests  of  no  one 
religious  denomination.  This  we  do  on  the  plain 
common  sense  principle  of  demand  and  supply, 
without  wasting  time  in  discussing  the  merits  and 
demerits  of  co-education,  or  the  propriety  of  denom- 
inational schools.  We  know  that  most  of  onr  pat- 
rons prefer  to  send  their  daughters  to  institutions 
intended  for  young  ladies  only  ;  and  are  not  anxious 
that  the  school  education  of  their  children  should 
be  impressed  with  any  sectarian  features.  Sur- 
rounded by  an  enterprising  and  cultivated  commu- 
nity, organized  into  different  religious  societies, 
and  dwelling  together  in  the  spirit  of  unity,  the 
Institution  will  provide  for  the  Sabbath  worship  of 
its  members  with  such  churches  in  town  as  the 
parents  of  each  may  select--  Episcopalian,  Baptist,. 


no. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH- WKSTKIIX  UATI.WAY. 


105 


or  Presbyterian— snd  for  ftich  religions  cxerri-es  in 
(he  College  itself  ns  shall  coutribu  e  to  their  gener- 
ous Christian  culture.  The  facilities  for  such  an 
institution  at  Highland  Hall  r.re  uim-uaily  cxc  1- 
Icnt.  The  building  is  new  and  capacious,  the 
rooms  largo  and  handsomely  f  urnishe  1,  and  the 
location  well  known  for  its  beauty  and  healthful- 
ness,  end  its  peneral  fitness  for  the  purposes  of  a 
Lad  cs'  School.'' 

Half  Day  and  Dcerfleld  arc  tributary  villages,  and 
arc  reached  by  stage  daily. 

Highwooil  is  the  next  station  north,  and  is  24 
miles  from  Chicago. 

Lako  Forest,  a  city  of  1.500  persons,  it  23  miles 
from  Chicago,  and  is  the  scat  of  educational  insti- 
tutions, with  a  national  reputation  for  excellence. 
A  male  academy,  patterned 
after  the  celebrated  I'hillips 
Ac.ulcmy,  of  Andovcr,  Mass, 
and  a  female  seminary,  arc  cs- 
pcci  illy  notul.  Lake  For.  st 
University  received  in  18w> 
$80,000  to  found  profc^sor- 
slrps  and  it  hm  over  $203,000 
worth  of  assets.  The  city  is  on 
the  highest  ground  between 
Milwaukee  and  Chicago,  is  a 
temperance  town,  nud  Las  one 
good  hotel. 

lio-klaml  is  SO  miles  from 
CUic.igo. 

AVuukegan,  36  miles  from 
Chicago,  is  the  c  unity  scat  of 
the  county  of  Lake,  so  called 
because  of  it  po<scss»'ngX/r>/- 
six  beautiful  lakes  within  its 
boundaries.  The  city  has  bc- 
tweui  r.COO  c-ul  8,t(--0  inhabit- 
ants ;  is  t-itua  cd  on  a  bluff 
overlooking  Laka  Michigan,  on 
the  western  shoro  of  that  body 
of  \v;:tei-.  Tlie  town  proper, 
stands  about  one  hundred  feet 
above  the  lake,  :.ni  iji  point  of 
attractiveness  as  a  summer  re- 
sort, stands  in. rivaled  in  all  the 
We- tern  States.  I:s  acknowl- 
edged beauty,  line  drives,  soci- 
ety, school,  picturesque  scen- 
ery, ravine-,  brooks,  a-id  gcii- 
crnl  loveliness,  a-»  fashioned  by  Nature's  own 
hantl-,  aided  by  liberal  outlays  of  money,  combine 
to  mike  it  a  place  which  will  be  sought  for  by 
the  thousands  of  private  families  who  yearly,  more 
and  more,  seek  the  health-giving  quiet  an-,1  retire- 
ment of  the  em*  try,  in  order  to  avoid  the  he~t, 
dust  and  noi;c  of  a  busy  nctropolis. 

\Vaukogan  offers  attra  tions  far  superior  and 
more  meritorious  than  lur.vJrcJa  of  other  points, 
which,  by  systematic  newspaper  puffery  and  advcr- 
ti-i:1..:,  have  become  more  or  less  celebrated  and 
popular  to  the  tcekcr  after  health  and  quiet  enjoy- 
ment. Its  numerous  mineral  i-prinrB  have  attracted 
thousands  if  peo  de  hero  from  our  great  commer- 
cial metropolis,  Chicago,  and  oilier  parts  of  the 
country.  The  most  important  of  these  springs,  in 
a  medical  \\c\v,  arc  tho  McAllister,  (jlen  Jr'lor.i,  and 
Powell's,  each  of  which,  claims  ad  vantages  petulisrly 


its  own.  The  city  has  three  schools  with  twenty 
teachers,  nine  churches,  two  public  halls,  r.nd  three 
hotels.  Defp  Lake,  15  miles  north,  has  summer 
hotel,  Liber tyville,  10  miles  off,  Wauconda,  21 
miles.  Aittioch,  20  milc-s  Jfitbttriie,  li  miles,  and 
H tlnsvlle,  12  miles  distant,  arc  reached  by  ftagc. 
The  largest  evergreen  tree  nursery  in  ths  United 
States,  is.  within  the  city  limits  of  U'sukegan. 

Glen  Flora,  nearly  one  m'lc  north  of  \Vauk'1- 
gan.  is  so  int imat,  ly  concccte.l  therewith,  that  we 
mu?t  treat  it  a-t  a  portion  of  that  c'ty. 

Lc'.  us  mention  here,  that  wo  have  no  intention 
of  detracting  from  the  merits  of  other  watering 
places;  our  only  desire  is  to  tl.ovv,  by  a  fair  and 
candid  comparUo.i,  that  we  have,  wi;!iin  thirfy-fivo 
miles  of  Chicago,  all  the  a:tractions,  and  v-luablc 


Elkhart  LaUe,  Wls.— page  I  15. 

From  "Swartz." 


mineral  springs,  which  can  be  reached  with  f.r  less 
expenditure  of  time  and  money,  than  can  other  liko 
attractions  offered  in  1  his  country.  The  Glen  Flora 
Mineral  Springs  have  not  until  lately  been  submit- 
to  1  to  thorough  analysi-.  Tha  waters,  which  have 
been  for  perhaps  untold  ages  gurgling  from  their 
cool,  rocky  depth?,  and  flowing  in  miniature  rivu- 
lets into  Lnkc  Michigan,  have  been,  in  a  quiet  way, 
doing  goOvl  to  many  inhabitants  of  this  place;  but 
ii'  t  until-last  year  was  tlis  trua  nature  of  thcso 
waters  proven  beyond  qucstirm  by  scientific  analy- 
sis. Let  us  compare  this  analysis  w  th  that  of 
the.  so  far,  m  ist  noted  mineral  spring  of  the 
West— the  Bcthcsda,  of  W.mkesha,  \Vis.  It  will 
be  seen  by  iho  figures  of  Prof.  Elmcy,  who  Ins 
made  several  mrst  minute  nnd  careful  calculations 
that  Ihc  (ilcu  Fl  >ra  M  nor.l  Springs  arc,  in  all 
the  valuable  health-giving,  restorative  ingredients, 


106 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


far  superior  to  the  "  Bethesda."    Here  are  the  two 
analyses : 

Analysis  of  the  Glen  Flora  Spring  Water. 
The  fol  lowing  is  the  result  of  the  analysis  by  Prof. 
Jas.  V.  Z.  Blaney  &  Son,  of  a  specimen  of  water 
from  ''Glen  Flora"  Mineral  Springs.    One  U.  8. 
gallon  of  231  cubic  inches,  contained — 

Chloride  of  Sodium 183  grains. 

Sulphate  of  Soda 1.852      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Soda 6.447      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime 15.568      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Magnesia 11.091      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Iron 115      " 

Alumina 151      " 

Silica 907      " 

Organic  Matter ICO      " 

Sulphur,  a  trace. 

Total . . . .' 36.414  grains. 


The  State  Capitol,  Sacramento,  Cal.— page  39. 


taneously  from  end  to  end  of  its  labyrinthian  trace- 
ries. This  glen  has  been,  and  is  being,  carefully 
sodded  and  terraced  for  long  distances,  by  one  of 
the  most  experienced  of  our  western  landscape 
gardeners,  and  while  Nature  has  done  wonders  to 
make  "  Glen  Flora"  beautiful,  Art  and  a  liberal 
expenditure  of  money,  are  daily  adding  to  the 
attractiveness  of  this  soon-to-be  most  fashionable 
of  watering  places  and  summer  resorts. 

An  elegant  and  commodious  hotel  is  now  being 
erected,  adjoining  the  springs,  and  will  be  ready  foi 
occupancy  early  in  the  summer  of  1876.  (See  cut  ol 
hotel.) 

The  Waukegan  Magnesian  Mineral  Springs. 
For  a  long  time  Waukegan  has  been  the  scene  of 
singular  cures,  which  have  from  time  to  time  been 
effected  through  some  unknown  agency,  and  for  the 
most  part  attributed  to  the  general  healthfulness  ol 
the  place.  Thes* 
undoubted  restora 
tions  to  health,  con 
pled  with  certaij 
legendary  stories 
in  which  Waukegan 
was,  according  to 
Indian  tradition, 
the  scat  of  certain 
medicine  watery 
led  John  F.  Powell 
to  submit  some  d» 
the  magnesia  spring 
water  for  analysis, 
to  the  well  known 
analytical  chem- 
ists, Professors  Jas. 
V.  Z.  Blaney  &  Son, 
of  Chicago,  when 
it  was  proved  that 
one  U.  S.  gallon  of 
231  cubic  inches, 
contained  48.811 


Analysis  of  the  Bethesda  Spring  Water. 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1.160  grains. 

Sulphate  of  Potassa 454      " 

Sulphate  of  Sodium 542      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime 17.022       " 

Bicarbonate  of  Magnesia 12.388      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Iron 042      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Soda 1.256      " 

Phosphate  of  Soda,  a  trace. 

Alumina 122      " 

Silica 741       " 

Organic  Matter 1.983      " 

Total 35.710  grains. 

The  Glen  Flora  Springs  are  easy  of  access.  About 
sixteen  trains  pass  and  repass  between  the  cities  of 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee  daily.  The  railroad  station 
named  "Glen  Flora,"  now  completed,  is  only 
about  one-quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  springs,  which 
are  reached  by  a  newly  graded  road,  leading  up  the 
bluff  in  close  proximity  to  the  springs.  The  loca- 
tion of  Glen  Flora  Mineral  Springs,  for  picturesque 
beauty  and  romantic  surroundings,  is  unsurpassed 
in  this  country,  and,  indeed,  in  the  world.  They 
are  nestled  in' a  beautiful  ravine  or  glen,  originally 
named  "  Floral  Glen,"  because  of  the  profusion  of 
beautifnl  wild  flowers  which  grow  and  thrive  spon- 


grains  of  solid  matter,  as  follows  : 

Chloride  of  Sodium 1 . 876  grains. 

Sulphate  of  Soda • 5.7%      " 

Sulphate  of  Lime 7.412       " 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime 15.537      " 

Bicarbonate  of  Magnesia 17  276       " 

Bicarbonate  of  Iron 1 ...     .136       " 

Alumnia 230      " 

Silica 359      " 

Organic  Matter 189       " 

Chloride  Potassium  . .  traces. 


Grains  per  gallon 48.811 

To  those  acquainted  with  the  properties  of  mine- 
ral waters,  the  above  statement  will  be  a  sufficient 
proof  of  the  excellence  of  Magnesia  Springs,  as  it 
shows  them  to  be  in  many  respects  the  best  yet 
analyzed  in  America.  To  those  unacquainted  with 
the  nature  of  the  different  ingredients  which,  when 
combined,  give  to  water  its  wonderful  curative  vir- 
tues, we  would  briefly  say  that  all  authorities  agree 
in  recognizing  bicarbonates  as  the  most  important 
elements  in  the  medicinal  combination  of  mineral 
waters,  and  that  by  comparing  for  themselves  the 
Magnesia  with  other  springs,  they  will  find  that  the 
Wankegan  has  a  far  larger  amount  of  bicarbonatea 
than  any  other  spring  yet  analyzed.  In  organic 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


107 


matter,  Bethcsda  Springs  have  1  graip  and  983-1000, 
•or  nearly  t\vo  grains  of  this  undesirable  ingredient, 
to  Waukegan  Magnesia's  189-1000  of  a  gruin. 

These  springs  are  three-ouarters  of  a  mile  south- 
west of  the  depot  at  Waukegan. 

TJie  McAllister  Springs. 

The  McAllister  Springs  arc  situated  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  city,  one  mile  south  of  our  depot  at 
Waukegan,  and  are  the  property  of  Judge  \V.  K. 
McAllister;  they  consist  of  a  cluster  of  five  springs, 
all  in  close  proximity,  and  remarkable  for  showing 
*  vast  difference  in  their  analysis,  and  consequently 
adapted  to  various  diseases.  Thegrounds  about  the 
Springs  arc  beautiful  and  the  location  desirable. 

Spring  No.  3  is  in  its  mineral  combinations  almost 
ideutical  with  the  celebrated  Bethcsda  Spring  of 

Analysis  of  the  McAllister  Mineral  Springs,  Waukegan,  Illinois.  The  analysis  of  Springs  Nos.  land  2 
made  by  Prof.  Bartlett,  and  Springs  Nos.  3,  4  and  5,  by  Prof.  Blaney,  of  Chicago.  One  U.  S.  gallon, 
expressed  as  anhydrous  compounds,  contains  : 


U'Mukesha,  only  that  it  contains  more  of  the  sul- 
phates of  soda  and  potassa,  more  iron,  and  less 
organic  matter,  which  must  add  to,  rather  than 
detract  from,  its  value. 

Spring  No.  5  contains  snlphnrcted  hydrogen,  in 
addition  to  its  other  valuable  ingredients. 

Spring  No.  1  is  recommended  for  the  cure  of 
rheumatism,  Bright's  disease,  gravel,  kidney  com- 
plaints, dyspepsia  and  gout. 

No.  2  for  liver  complaints,  dyspepsia  and  chronic 
constipation. 

Nos.  3  and  4  for  costivencss,  general  debility, 
dyspepsia,  heartburn,  etc. 

No.  5  for  diseases  of  the  blood,  scrofula,  blotches, 
eruptions,  acidity  of  the  stomach,  etc. 

The  water  is  entirely  free  at  the  Springs. 


SPRING 
No.  1. 

SPKINO 
No.  2. 

SPRING 
No.  3. 

SPRING 
No.  4. 

SPRING 
No.  5. 

Chloride  of  Sodium         

ORA,."". 

CHAINS. 

GRAINS. 
1.462 

GRAINS. 

0.737 

GRAINS. 
0.354 

Cnlorulc  of  Magnesium 

0  943 

1  401 

Sulphaie  of  Soda.        

1  193 

0.451 

3  665 

0.859 

2.268 

Sulphate  of  Potassa    

a  trace 

0.416 

0  581 

0.253 

0.320 

Sulphate  of  Lime  

0  470 

1.605 

Bicarbonate  of  Lime  

18  810 

19  597 

17.574 

15.511 

12.737 

Bicarbonate  of  Magnesia  

9  561 

9.961 

11  511 

10.988 

6.537 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia  

'2.229 

•->  S77 

Bicarbon  ite  of  Iron  

0.108 

0.162 

0.091 

Oxide  of  Iron  and  Alumina. 

0  094 

o.on 

Bicarbonate  of  boda  ... 

4.357 

Silica          ...                ... 

0  059 

0  842 

0  870 

0  940 

0.950 

Alumina  

0  146 

0  100 

0.215 

Organic  Matter  

0.530 

a  trace. 

0.180 

Total     

33.489 

35.616 

36.947 

31.155 

28.009 

Spring  No.  1  contains  1  cubic  inch  free  carbonic 
solphureted  hydrogen. 

The  Sag-au-nash  Springs  arc  located  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  the  city.  Their  analysis  shows  a  large 
amount  of  magnesia  and  other  valuable  properties. 

Benton,  40  miles  from  Chicago,  nnd  State 
Line,  45  miles,  arc  not  of  large  importance  as  sta- 
tions. At  State  Line,  Spring  Bluff  post  office,  there 
are  two  cheese  factories,  a  butter  factory,  two 
churchc?,  and  one  hotel.  Before  the  consolidation 
of  the  Milwaukee  &  Chicago  and  the  Chicago  & 
Milwaukee  railroads,  as  the  two  lines  that  now  form 
the  route  between  Milwaukee  &  Chicago  were 
formerly  called,  State  Line  was  the  junction,  and 
here  all  passengers  were  forced  to  change  cars, 
and  all  freight  to  be  transferred. 

Kenosha  is  51  miles  from  Chicago,  and  across 
the  State  line  in  Wisconsin.  It  is  the  county  seat 
of  Kcuosha  county,  which  was  separated  from  Ra- 
cine county,  and  organized  in  1850,  and  now  has 
20,000  population.  It  is  a  county  of  lakes,  and  has 
many,  from  one  to  two  miles  wide.  Silver,  Pad- 
docks, Camp,  Centre,  Lily,  Powers  and  Twin  lakes 
arc  the  largest.  On  Twin  lake  is  a  pleasure  steamer 
— The  Lady  of  the  Lake— that  during  the  summer 
season  carries  tourists  around  its  shores.  The  city 
of  Eenosha  has  6,000  population,  and  three  Ameri- 
can and  one  German  public  schools.  Keinpcr  llall 
school,  for  boys,  an  Episcopal  educational  insti- 
tution, is  on  the  lake  shore,  and  has  a  girls'  school 


acid  gas.       Spring  No.  5  contains   .019  cubic  inch 

connected  with  it;  it  has  a  beautiful  location  and  is 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  Kenosha  Water  Cure  is  a 
noted  water  cure  hotel,  with  80  rooms.  The  Sanii  a- 
riumof  Dr.  Gatchell,  a  noted  curative  institution,  is 
\%  miles  from  the  station.  Kcuosha  is  the  head- 
quarters of  several  large  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, among  which  the  Bain  Wagon  Company  em- 
ploys 200  men,  and  makes  16  complete  wagons  each 
working  hour.  Flour,  leather,  hay  presses,  tow,  malt 
mills,  wind  mills,  telegraph  insulators,  etc.,  are 
largely  manufactured  here.  The  fisheries  off  Ke- 
nosha give  constant  employment  to  300  men. 

Racine  Junction,  60  miles  from  Chicago,  and 
Racine,  62  mile?,  form  a  flourishing  city  of  14,000 
people.  Racine  is  the  county  seat  of  Racine  county, 
which  has  a  population  of  29,000.  As  a  manufac- 
turing point  Racine  is  not  excelled  by  any  in  the 
State.  J.  I.  Case  &  Co.'s  threshing  machine  works, 
cover  11  acres  of  ground  and  employ  375  men,  and 
make  1,700  threshing  machines  yearly:  they  pay 
for  wages,  $350,000;  for  cast  iron,  $130,000;  wrought 
iron,  $115,000; lumber, $90,000;  belting,  $50,000,  and 
for  postage  stamps  $2,000,  yearly.  Fish  Brothers, 
in  their  wagon  works,  employ  220  men,  and  make 
7,000  wagons  yearly.  Mitchell,  Lewis  <fc  Co.  em- 
ploy 200  men.  and  make  6,000 wagons  yearly;  the 
Racine  Woolen  Mills  employ  90  men;  Blake  &Co. 
In  their  mills  manufacture  cloths  and  shawls  ; 


108 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Freeman  &  Smith,  and  the  Ra  ine  Hardware  Com- 
pany, manufacture  florists'  iron  goods  and  light 
hardware;  Stephen  Freeman  manufactures  engines, 
casting?,  etc.;  Driver  &  Son  make  sash,  doors  nnd 
blinds;  Windship  &  Co.  make  pumps  and  washing 
machines;  John  Beck  has  a  largo  boot  and  shoe 
factory,  and  two  other  concerns  also  employ  a  large 
number  of  men  in  the  same  line.  In  the  city  nre 
six  ward  schools ;  Col.  J.  G.  McMynn  has  a  fine 
academy;  the  Roman  Catholics  have  several  good 
schools,  one  by  the  Sisters  of  the  St.  Dominico 
Order  being  especially  noted.  Racino  College, 
under  Episcopal  government,  has  200  students. 
Twenty-five  churches  furnish  sectarian  variety  to 


are  made;  it  also  has  a  butter  factory,  a  good 
school,  and  a  fine  fanning  country  around  it 

St.  Francis,  81  miles  from  Chicago,  is  the  scat 
of  a  thriving  and  unusually  popular  Roman  Catholic 
college.  It  has  a  full  corps  of  professors  and 
tutors,  and  a  large  list  of  students.  Its  popularity 
is  so  great  that  large  additions  arc  now  being  made 
to  its  already  ample  buildings. 

Bay  View,  83  miles  from  Chicago,  is  merely  a 
suburb  of  Milwaukee,  and  is  the  seat  of  vast  iron 
mills,  furnaces,  etc. 

Milwaukee. 
Cities,  says  an  eminent  writer,  have  always  besn 


Vlewof  Cll?f  House  and  Ssal  Rocks,  off  San  Francisco. 


please  all.  The  Taylor  Orphan  Asylum  is  n  meri- 
torious enterprise  of  Racine.  Two  public  hulls— 
The  Belle  City  and  The  Garner— present  ample 
scaling  accommodations  for  the  visitors  to  theatre, 
concert  or  ehow.  Congress  Hall,  The  Iluggins 
Houi-cand  The  Bouton  House  arc  thcleading  hotels. 
The  citizens  of  Racine  have  $  00,000  invested  in 
sailing  and  steam  vessels  on  Lake  Michigan.  Root 
river,  which  is  crossed  by  two  bridges,  flows  through 
the  city;  three  miles  from  its  mouth  are  theRapids, 
on  which  arc  located  flour  mills,  and,  near  by,  ex- 
tensive lime  kiln?. 

Ivcs,  County  Line,  nnd  Oak  Crerk,  arc  un- 
important stations  to  iho  t-travgcr  making  a  tour 
OVIT  the  line.  At  the  last-named  station  millions 
of  the  celebrated  cream-colored,  Milwaukee  brick 


the  fire-places  of  civilization,  whence  light  and 
heat  radiated  out  into  the  dark,  cold  world;  and  the 
uni^n  of  men  in  large  masses  is  indispensable  to  the 
development  and  growth  of  mankind. 

Fifty  years  ago,  and  all  there  then  was  of  the 
now  p'osperous  and  beautiful  cily  of  Milwaukee- 
lowland,  shore  and  forest— was  in  the  undisputed 
possession  of  the  red  man.  It  seems  truly  incred- 
ible. We  lork  upon  the  picture  and  try  vainly  to 
realize  that  here  he  chased  the  wild  deer  in  a  right 
royal  hunting  ground,  as  boundless  as  the  West 
itself,  a::d  fished  about  the  wide  bay  orfloated  with 
the  current  through  the  crooked  ways  of  the  rivers 
that  still  run  like  the  tangled  threads  of  a  knotted 
skein,  and  in  his  crude  fas'.iion  made  wnr  continu- 
ally on  the  teeming  life  ab.,ut  him;  and  the  Indian 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


109 


woman  prepared  for  the  midday  or  evening  meal  of 
her  muster  :t  primitive  dish,  and  lie  ate  with  a  zest 
born  of  tiie  healthful  breezes  grown  pure  and  tonic 
In  their  wide  sweep  over  the  waters  of  Lake 
Michigan. 

The  first  white  man  to 
Invade  this  beautiful  re- 
treat of  the  Indian  was 
Solomon  Juneau.  He 
came  here  in  the  antumn 
Of  1818,  and  built  him  a 
log  cabin,  which  gradually 
assumed  the  distinctive 
features  of  a  store,  in 
which  he  kept  a  few  goods 
euitabl;  for  barter.  For 
seventeen  years  he  was  not 
only  the  only  merchant  in 
the  place,  but  the  only 
white  settler.  A  few  In- 
dian traders  occasionally 
came,  but  none  made  a 
permanent  location. 

Unquestionable  evi- 
dences of  the  wonderful 
changes  that  have  been 
wrought  in  a  few  short 
years  are  shown  in  the 
Illustrations  published 
herewith,  (pp.  102, 103). 

Milwaukee  is  the  com- 
mcrcial  emporium  of  the  * 
State  of  Wisconsin,    and  3 
one  of  the  most  important  * 
cities,  in  many  respects,  in  sp 
the  Ni  rthwest.    It  has  a  L 
population       of       about  ' 
100,000  ;   built    largely  of 
the  fatuous  cream-colored 
Milwaukee    brick,    which 
are  produced  here  in  large 
•quantities.    The  situation 
•of  the  city  at  the  mouth  of 
Milwaukee  river,  is  very 
pleasant    and    attractive. 
The  river  furnishes  one  of 
tkc  best  and  most  commo- 
dious bays  and  harbors  on 
the  lakes. 

As  a  place  of  residence, 
this  city  has  become  no- 
ted for  its  healthful  cli- 
mate and  the  medicinal 
qualities  of  its  springs, 
which  invalids  avail  them- 
selves of.  The  residence 
portion  of  the  city  is  from 
fif'y  to  one  hundred  feet 
above  the  level  of  the 
lake,  overlooking  that 
beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
and  with  in  clean,  dry 
streets,  beautifully  laid  out  grounds  and  yard*,  pre- 
sents an  attractive  appearance  to  the  traveler  as 
he  approaches  it  on  this  railroad.  Many  of -the 
pulilic  buildings  and  business  b'ocks  are  massive 
and  elegant,  rnd  many  of  the  residences  fine— all 
indicating  wealih,  enterprise  and  refinement. 


This  city  is  most  delightfully  situated  on  the 
western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  on  a  magnificent 
bay,  formed  by  two  projecting  headlands,  which 
make  a  safe  and  extensive  harbor.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out ;  the  streets  are  wide,  and  arc  lined  with 


buildings  eminently  adapted  for  all  the  require- 
ments of  so  extensive  a  place.  The  bus'ncss  part 
of  l he  city  lies  on  either  side  of  the  river,  and  fol- 
lows it  up  closely  for  over  two  miles.  As  you  go 
back  from  the  river  yon  find  yourself  gradually 
ascending,  till  you  stand  on  an  elevation  of  consid- 


110 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


erable  height,  and  can  see  the  city  spread  out  at 
your  feet.  The  streets  have  a  gradual  rise,  there- 
fore, as  you  recede  from  the  river,  and  when  you 
come  to  the  lake  shore  you  stand  on  a  high  bluff. 
The  healthfulncss  of  the  city  is  something  remark- 
able. Its  location,  the  cleanliness  of  the  streets, 
the  admirable  sanitary  regulations,  which  are  strin- 
gently enforced,  and  the  intelligence  of  the  peo- 
ple, all  combine  to  prevent  any  disease  from  ob- 
taining a  foolhold,  and  to  keep  at  a  distance  those 
epidemics  which  so  frequently  prevail  in  large  cities. 
The  cream-colored  bricks,  together  with  the  width 
of  the  streets,  give  the  place  a  most  charming  and 
delightful  look,  affording  a  pleasing  variation  to 


dred  rooms,  airy  and  spacious,  and  fitted  up  in  the 
most  thorough  and  complete  manner.  The  Plank- 
inton  House  is  another  of  Milwaukee's  first  clas» 
hotels.  It  is  pleasantly  located  on  Spring  street, 
and  will  be  found  by  visitors  to  be  unexcelled  by 
any  house  in  the  country.  It  can  accommodate 
three  hundred  visitors. 

Lake  Dells,  a  beautiful  summer  place,  with  its 
charming  little  Swiss  cottage  and  arbor  on  the 
shore,  will  give  the  reader  but  a  faint  idea  of  the 
peculiar  beauty  of  this  section,  towards  which  to 
much,  attention  has  been  recently  directed  by  those 
in  search  of  sites  for  suburban  residences  or  sum- 
mer homes.  During  a  few  years  past  numbers  of 


In  the  Yosemite. 

the  monotonous  rows  of  glaring  red  bricks  met 
with  in  the  large  Eastern  cities.  As  a  summer 
resort,  Milwaukee  possesses  many  peculiar  attrac- 
tions, that  are  every  year  becoming  more  widely 
known,  and  that  specially  commend  it  to  those 
who  seek  rest  and  recuperation  daring  th(>  hot 
months  of  the  year.  Situated  on  the  banks  of  a 
beautiful  lake,  it  is  fanned  by  the  invigorating 
breezes  that  pour  in  an  almost  continual  current  over 
the  broad  waters.  These  bring  relief  and  comfort, 
even  in  the  hottest  seasons.  The  hotel  accommo- 
dations are  of  the  very  finest  character. 

The  Newhall  is  centrally  located  in  the  heart  of 
the  business  part  of  the  city,  on  Broadway,  corner 
of  Michigan  street.  The  house  contains  three  hun- 


— pages  36-38. 

residences  and  cottages  have  been  built  upon  the- 
summit  of  the  bluff,  or  on  the  plateau  beneath. 
The  illustration  is  from  a  photograph  from  Lake 
View,  looking  north,  and  embraces  Ferny  Brae, 
Lake  Dells,  Fern  Ravine,  and  Rocky  Point— all 
beautiful  places.  Lake  Avenue,  the  famous  drive 
of  Milwaukee,  runs  through  and  by  these  places, 
to  Whitefish  Bay,  five  miles  or  more  from  the  city,, 
and  most  of  the  distance  upon  the  high  bluff  over- 
looking the  lake,  making  a  most  charmirg  summer 
drive.  For  much  of  the  distance  the  hill-tops  above 
these  lowlands  are  covered  with  growths  of  wood, 
partially  hiding  from  the  avenue  the  beauties  of  the 
low  grounds,  with  the  exception  of  an  occasional 
opening  made  by  the  crossing  of  a  caviue. 


THE  CHICAOO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


Ill 


No  place  can  be  more  favorable  for  a  summer  res- 
idence t  hun  the  plateaus  of  the  north  shore.  Shut 
out  from  the  afternoon  sun  by  the  high  wooded 
hills  in  the  rear,  with  the  charming  and  extended 
sea-view  in  front,  with  cooling  lake  breezes  through- 
out the  day,  and  every  opportunity  for  sailing,  fish- 
ing or  bathing,  enchanting  rambles  on^andy  beach 
or  through  wild  ravines,  and  unsurpassed  drives, 
with  the  bustling  city  only  a  few  miles  away,  yet  as 
entirely  isolated  from  it  as  if  in  the  Adirondacks. 
The  sea-view  from  early  dawn  to  sunset  is  beautiful, 
changing  with  the  hours  of  the  day,  caused  by  the 
varying  direction  of  the  sun's  rays  upon  the  water, 
giving  them  a  variety  of  brilliant  tints  or  sombre 


back  upon  the  lake,  tinge  the  waters  as  well  as  the 
sail  in  the  offing  with  their  own  brilliant  colors, 
making  a  picture  so  beautiful  we  wish  it  might 
'never  fade. 

During  the  late  summer  and  early  fall  months,  the 
temperature  of  the  water  is  delightful  for  bathing, 
averaging  in  the  shallow  bay  off  Lake  Dells,  by  ac- 
tual test  and  record,  C8°  to  72°,  while  the  de -cent 
of  the  shore  is  so  gradual,  that  at  two  thousand  feet 
out,  the  sounding  showed  but  eleven  feet  of  water, 
the  whole  distance  being  a  gradually  sloping  sandy 
bottom.  No  dust  or  mosquitoes  are  found  upon 
the  lower  ground,  from  the  fact  that  the  avenue  is 
too  far  distant  to  furnish  the  former,  and  the 


In  the  Yosemlte.— pages  36—38. 


breezes  of  the  lake  too  cool  for  the  latter.  Another 
attraction  of  this  location  consists  in  the  many 
drives  descending  the  hillside,  on  the  margin  of  the 
lake,  or  winding  under  the  overarching  trees  through 
ravines,  affording  from  various  points  new  and  ex- 
tended lake  views. 


hues.  The  picture  Is  greatly  enhanced  by  the  large 
number  of  sail  and  steamers  constantly  in  sight, 
engaged  in  the  commerce  of  the  lakes,  the  course  of 
most  of  the  passing  vessels  being  but  a  mile  distant. 
The  splendor  of  the  morning  sky  as  the  sun  rises 
from  the  lake,  Is  only  surpassed  by  the  beauty  of 
our  Western  sunset,  whose  golden  hues,  reflected 

If  you  do  not  desire  to  remain  at  Milwaukee,  you  can,  in  the  aame  cars  that  brought 
you  from  Chicago,  push  on  to  or  towards  Fond  du  Lac,  by  the  Fond  du  Lac  Air  Line, 
an  extension  to  the  Milwaukee  Division,  that  was  opened  for  business  two  years  ago. 
It  shortens  the  distance  between  Chicago  and  Fond  du  Lac,  and  points  north  on  the 
Wisconsin  Division,  many  miles,  and  secures  to  passengers  a  choice  of  routes — to  come 
via  the  line  we  have  just  described,  and  via  Milwaukee,  or  to  take  the  old- route,  via 


112 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Janesville.  Tickets  to  Fond  du  Lac,  or  beyond,  are  good  by  either  route.  Leaving  Mil- 
waukee from  our  depot  on  the  lake  front,  at  the  lake  end  of  Wisconsin  street,  where  is 
found  an  admirably  well  kept  hotel.  The  Lake  View,  and  adiuinghall  and  easing  house, 
under  the  management  of  J.  Y.  Ross,  that  vies  with  any  in  the  land,  we  pass  LAKE 
SHORE  JUNCTION  and  LINDWERM,  and  reach,  at  100  miles  from  Chicago,  the  village 
and  station  of  GRANVILLE.  Menomonee  Fattn  is  3  miles  distant,  and  is  reached  by 
stnge  :  fare.  ?ft  ft--. 

-,  West  Bend,  119  miles 
from  Chicago,  has  a  popu- 
lation of  1,5UO,  and  is  the 
county  seat  of  Washington 
county,  which  has  a  popu- 
lation of  23,000.  'I  he  vil- 
lage has  good  schools,  one 
bank,  two  newspapers,  two 
i'rain  elevators,  several 
breweries,  msking  lagir 
beer  that  rivals  that  made 
at  Milwaukee;  two  flour 
mills,  each  with  four  run  of 
stone,  atid  seven  churches. 
Its  court  house  i-  built  of 
wood ;  it  has  a  good  public 
hall,  and  one  hotel  that 
can  accommodate  200 
gncFts.  The  village  is  built 
on  the  west  bank  of  the 
Milwaukee  river,  and  the 
station  house  is  on  the  east 
bank.  Toting  America, 
HI  ay  field.  Filmore,  Bolton- 
vil/e,  Kohlsville,  and  Au- 
rora, are  tributary  villages. 

liarton  is  one  mile  from 
West  Bend,  imd  is  built  in 
a  valley  brtween  two  high 
hills.  Jt  has  many  pictu- 
resque aspects.  The  vil- 
lage contains  threp  hotels, 
a  fine  school,  two  churches, 
arid  a  lodge  of  Good  Tem- 
plars. 

Kewaskum  is  127miles 
from  Chicago,  and  has  a 
large  grain  trade.  Three 
elevators  are  kept  busy, 
one  of  them  being  the 
lurgest  in'  the  stale,  out- 
side of  Milwaukee.  The 
population  of  the  village 
and  surroundings  is  largely 
German. 

New  Cassel,  133  miles 
from  Chicago,  is  situated 


Salt  Lake  and  Vicinity.— pages  33 

Rockfleld,  lately  Germantown.  is  107 miles  from 
Chicago,  and  has  two  grain  elevators,  and  a  fine 
business  in  building  stone.  Dheinsvilte  is  1  !/2  miles 
off,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Germantown 
Insurance  Company,  which  has  $300,000  capital, 
and  writes  3,000  policies  yearly.  Menomonee  Falls, 
a  pleasant  summer  resort,  is  6  miles  off. 

Jackson  is  112  miles  from  Chicago,  and  has  500 
inhabitants,  most  of  whom  are  Germans.  It  has 
three  flour  mills,  a  woolen  mill,  and  two  churches. 
Hayfleld,  l'/a  miles,  and  Clear  Green,  on  a  lake  of 
the  same  name,  Smiles  distant,  are  tributary  villages. 


34. 


in  the  southeast  part  of  Fond  du  Lac  county,  16 
miles  from  Fond  du  Lac,  and47  miles  from  Milwau- 
kee, in  a  rich  farming  country.  The  Milwaukee 
river  passes  through  the  eastern  part  of  the  village, 
furnishing  good  water  power ;  the  railroad  passes 
through  the  western  part.  Sui  rounded  by  a  beau- 
tiful forest  on  the  north,  and  a  chain  of  gentle  ele- 
vations on  the  south,  among  the  hills  nnd  valleys 
lies  one  of  nature's  parks.  Its  population  is  500.  a 
gain  of  3110  since  the  railroad  started.  There  are 
four  churches,  a  convent,  and  an  academy  for 
young  ladies,  and  a  good  distiict  school.  The 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


1  13 


sides,  presents  a  scene  more  resembling  the  fine 
tints  and  groupings  of  a  splendid  picture,  than  the 
substantial  reality  that  is  here. 

Eden  is  MO  miles  from  Chicago,  and  by  this  route 
Fond  du  Lac  148  miles,  or  28  miles  less  than  via 
Jaacsville. 


manufactories  of  the  place  are  unimportant,  except 
the  flouring  mills  of  J.  II.  Reyscn,  the  brewery  of 
John  P.  Ilust  ing,  and  cheese  factories  of  II.  Schroot- 
cn  and  Robert  Miller.    There  are  three  good  hotels 
— The  Adams  House,  by  A.  Hotehoure,  The  Railroad 
House,  by  J.  Dcgenhardt,  and  i  he  New  Cswsel  Ho- 
tel, by  P.  Schoofs.   The 
villages   of   Dundee  ar.d 
Eblesville     arc    each     7 
miles,  \\'aucoimta  5  miles, 
and   Lomlra     Centre    8 
miles  from   the  station; 
Lake  fifteen  is  3  miles, 
and  Long  Lake  is  7  miles  X 
distant.    They  have  many  S| 
attractions,  tfnd  will  soon  N. 
become  justly  popular  as  .j* 
summer  resorts.    A  large  _ 
variety  of  game  and  fish  o 
are  found  in  those  eec-  £ 
tions.   On  Bannon's  farm>  * 
as  also  on   Dierrenger's,  § 
one  mile  from  New  Cas-  o 
sel,  may  bo  found  Indian  Z 
mounds,     embankments,  § 
ditches,  etc.,  laid  out  with  Ig 
great  precision,  showing  • 
that  the  builders  had  con-  |? 
siderable    knowledge    of  ST 
military  science.   Around  jj 
New  Cassel  the  country  g 
is  gently  undulating,  with  ,. 
ascents     and    decliviti.-s 
of  vaiious    heights  and  5 
depths.    The  forests  are  § 
composed  of  sugar  maple,  « 
basswood,  elm,  black  and  o 
white  ash,  red  oak,  hick-  8) 
ory,  and  butternut.    The  50 
soil    is    a  deep,    blnck,  ^ 
sandy  loam,  with  a  mix-  < 
tnre  of  marl,  and  subsoil  «< 
of  reddish  clay.    The  first    | 
house  was  built  in  New  "g 
Casscl  in  1813,    and  the  99 
first,  school  taught  in  1848.  * 
The  surroundings  of  New  at 
Cas.-el   are  admitted   by 
all  who  have  seen  them, 
to  bo  unrivaled.    Its  roll- 
ing and  fertile  land,  dotted 
with     neat    farmhouses, 
and  the  rich  foliage  of  its 
woods   and  skirted   hill- 

UP  THE  LAKE  SHORE. 

On  reaching  Milwaukee,  you  can  proceed  up  the  lake  by  taking,  at  our  depot  on  the 
lake  front,  at  the  lake  end  of  Wisconsin  street,  the  carsof  the  MILWAUKEE,  LAKE  SIIOUE 
&  WESTERN  RAILWAY  that  passes  through  Port  Washington,  Belgium,  Sheboygan,  Man- 
itowoc,  to  Two  Rivers.  All  these  are  active  business  cities,  and  besides  having  the  rail- 
road, are  on  the  lake  shore,  and  thus  have  unusual  facilities  for  shipping  their  products. 


Sheboygan,  Wisconsin,  the  county  seat  of  She- 
boygan county,  is  a  thriving  manufacturing  city  of 
about  7,000  inhabitants.  It  is  tV.e  eastern  terminus 
of  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lie  Railway,  and  is 
the  most  important  station  on  the  line  of  the  Mil- 
waukee, Lake  bhore  &  Western  Railway  north  of 


Milwaukee.  The  former  of  these  roads  mukcs 
close  connections  with  the  Wisconsin  Division  of 
the  Chicago  &  North- Western  Railway  at  Fond  dn 
Lac,  and  the  latter  is  practically  an  extension  of  th» 
Milwaukee  Division  of  the  Chicago  &  North-West- 
crn  Railway. 


114 


THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 


Shcboygan  is  one  of  the  most  delightful  summer 
resorts  in  the  West.  It  is  beautifully  located  upon 
a  bluff  overlooking  Lake  Michigan,  whose  azure 
waters,  moving  perpetually,  and  here  and  there  dot- 
ted with  sails,  are  a  constant  source  of  amusement 
to  the  eye  ;  while  in  the  background  lies  a  land- 
scape of  rare  beauty— hills  clad  with  the  richest 
verdure,  groves  of  native  forest  trees,  and  fields  of 
waving  gram.  The  Sheboygan  river  flows  down  one 
of  the  most  picturesque  valleys  in  the  State,  winds 
nearly  half  way  round  the  city,  and  finally  empties 
into  the  lake  south  of*  the  residence  portion  of  the 
place,  affording  a  safe  and  convenient  harbor.  The 
city  itself  presents  a  most  attractive  appearance. 
It  is  tastefully  laid  out ;  its  streets  are  wide  and 
well  shaded  with  oaks,  maples  and  evergreens ;  its 
business  houses  are  mainly  built  of  cream-colored 
brick.  The  court  house  is  one  of  the  finest  struc- 
tures of  the  kind  in  Wisconsin.  In  walking  about 
the  city,  one  is  struck  with  the  scrupulous  neatness 
of  the  streets,  and  the  evidences  of  thrift,  prosperity 
and  refinement  that  are  beheld  on  every  hand.  The 
society  of  Sheboygan  is  excellent,  and  (especially 
during  the  summer  months)  parties,  concerts,  and 
entertainments  of  various  kinds  are  frequent.  The 
city  is  well  supplied  with  churches,  and  boasts  sev- 
eral talented  preachers.  The  rivsr  affords  unsur- 
passed opportunities  for  rowing,  while  the  lake  is  a 
favorite  resort  for  those  who  enjoy  galling.  Pleas- 
ure boats  of  all  kinds  may  be  had  here.  The  fish, 
ing  is  good;  the  fisheries  off  Sheboygan  are  among 
the  most  important  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  a  sum- 
mer day  can  hardly  be  more  pleasantly  spent  than 
in  visiting  them  in  one  of  the  steam  fishing  smacks. 
The  drives  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city  are  fine.  This 
is  especially  true  of  the  drive  up  the  river  five  miles, 


to  the  charming  village  of  Sheboygan  Falls.  Bat, 
after  all,  the  chief  attractions  which  Sheboygan 
holds  out  to  the  summer  tourist,  are  the  healthful- 
ness  and  coolness  of  its  climate.  Lying,  as  it  does, 
ten  miles  out  in  the  lake,  it  is  fanned  by  deliciously 
cool  and  invigorating  lake  breezes  from  the  north, 
east  and  south,  and  consequently,  the  intensely  hot 
weather  that  prevails  in  the  interior  during  the  sum- 
mer months,  is  unknown  here.  The  Bcekman 
House  is  Sheboygan's  principal  hotel.  It  is  well 
furnished,  and  is  capable  of  accommodating  one 
hundred  guests. 

A  recent  acquisition  is  the  discovery  of  unusually 
valuable  remedial  qualities  in  the  waters  of  an  ar- 
tesian well  that  has  been  sunk  here.  Its  waters 
are  strongly  impregnated  with  varioBs  salts,  and 
an  analysis  shows  elements  of  rare  value.  The 
water  is  free  to  all  comers. 

This  well  is  located  in  the  public  park  of  the  city 
of  Sheboygan,  and  is  1,475  feet  deep— 92  feet  being 
through  the  drift.  It  has  been  tubed  a  distance  of 
450  feet,  below  which  no  rifts  were  found  in  the 
rock.  The  well  discharges  two  hundred  and  forty 
gallons  of  water  per  minute,  at  a  temperature  of 
58  deg.  Fahr. 

An  analysis  of  the  water  shows  that  it  is  remark- 
ably rich  in  salts  ;  nothing  of  the  same  character 
having  been  found  in  the  West.  During  the  short 
time  it  has  been  used  it  has  been  found  beneficial, 
as  a  bath  or  internally. 

Annexed  is  an  analysis  as  made  by  Prof.  Bode, 
of  Milwaukee,  in  December,  1875.  An  analysis  of 
the  waters  of  the  Congress  Spring,  Saratoga,  Sha- 
ion  Springs,  New  York,  Kissingen  and  Krenznach, 
of  Germany,  is  also  added  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
parison, to  which  your  attention  is  called. 


COMPARATIVE  ANALYSIS. 


OSE  WINE  PINT  CONTAINS  SOLIDS 

Wisconsin.' 
Temperature, 
68  deg.  Kahr. 

CONGRESS, 
New  York. 
Temperature, 
52  deg.  Fahr. 

SHARON, 
New  York. 
Temperature, 
48  deg.  Fahr. 

KISSINGEN. 
Germany. 
Temperature, 
51  deg.  Fahr. 

KRKUZNACH, 
Germany. 

Temperature, 
54^  deg.  Fahr. 

Soda,  Carbonate.  

0.934 

"      Phosphate  

0  002 

"      Nitrate                      .   .        

0.07 

Sodium,  Chloride  

45  956 

50  055 

0.28 

44.71 

72.883; 

"       Iodide 

0  003 

0  017 

Trace. 

"       Bromide     

0  132 

1  069 

0  06 

Magnesium,  Bromide  

0  278 

Iodide  , 

0.035 

Ch  oride  

0.30 

Magnesia,  Carbonate       .                    

0  048 

9  01') 

0.106 

"        Sulphate  

11  166 

5.30 

4  50 

"        Chloride  

2  33 

4.071 

Iron,  Carbonate  

0  031 

0.24 

"     Sulphate  

0  093 

Lime,  Carbonate  

0  187 

12  449 

8  14 

1.693 

"     Sulphate  

9  518 

13.95 

2  99 

"      Phosphate  

0.04 

Calcium,  Chloride  

13.663 

13.389 

"         Fluoride    

Trace. 

"         Hydro  Sulphuret  

0.28 

Potassium  (  ThloriHn 

1  238 

1  006 

2  20 

0.624 

Sulphate 

0  111 

Lithia,  Carbonate    ...         .        ... 

0  374 

» 

"      Chloride  

0  003 

0.15 

0.613 

Strontia,  Carbonate    

Baryta,  Carbonate     

0  095 

Alumina  ...                           . 

0  137 

"      Phosphate..;  

0.045 

Silica  

0  091 

0  105 

0.09 

0.129 

Organic  Matter  

Trace. 

82.235 

75.267 

fiO.ll 

65.52 

93.84* 

THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WKSTKRN  RAILWAY. 


115 


.now  and  then  peep  through  forest  vistas,  affording 
to  the  eye,  as  it  feasts  upon  the  varying  charms, 
a  most  pleasing  variety.  The  Swiss  Cottage  is  a 
large  hotel,  and  has  400  feet  of  wide  veranda,  and 
pleasant  walks  and  drives.  A  steamboat  and  barge, 
sail  and  row-boats,  are  run  to  convey  passengers  to 
any  part  of  the  lake  desired.  About  twenty  rods 
from  the  hotel  is  a  pavilion  fordancing.  There  are 
neither  house  flics  nor  mosquitoes  here  to  trouble 

the  visitor.    Talmage, Davison,  and  — 

Sharp,  have,  in  this  vicinity,  good  farm  houses, 
well  adapted  for  boarding  summer  visitors. 


From  Sheboygan,  the  popular  summer  resorts 
along  the  li:io  of  the  Shcboygau  &  Fond  du  Lac 
Railway  may  be  easily  reached.  It  is  only  an  hour's 
ride  from  Sheboygan  to  beautiful  Elktiart  Lake  ; 
a  three  hours' ride  to  the  famous  mineral  springs 
at  Fond  du  Lac ;  and  a  five  hours'  ride  to  that  gem 
of  Wisconsin  scenery,  Green  Lake. 

Elkhart  Lake. 

Wisconsin  is  famous  for  her  beautiful  lakes,  the 
annual  resort  of  thousands  of  people  in  quest  of 
health  and  pleasure.  Among  the  loveliest  of 
these  is  Lake  Elkhart, 
acknowledged  to  be  one 
of  the  healthiest  places 
in  the  West.  -It  is  fifty- 
seven  miles  north  of 
Milwaukee,  and  can  be 
reached  by  the  Chicago 
&  North-Westcrn  liail- 
way  and  its  immediate 
connection,  the  Sheboy- 
gan &  Fond  du  Lac 
Railway.  The  station, 
Glenbculah,  is  three 
miles  from  the  lake. 
Omnibuses  run  to  the 
hotels  from  all  the  trains 
arriving  at  this  station. 

Elkhart  Lake  covers 
about*  eight  hundred 
acres,  and  is  pleasingly 
diversified  by  bays, 
which  coquettit-hly  wind 
around  jutting  bluffs, 
beneath  whose  shades 
the  crystal  water  slum- 
bers, so  pure  and  clear 
that  the  white  sand  and 
gravel  of  the  lake  bottom 
can  be  plainly  seen  at  a 
depth  of  twenty  to 
tweuty-flve  feet.  All 
the  brilliant  colors  of 
the  rainbow  are  reflected 
on  the  smooth  and  spark- 
ling surface  of  the  water, 
and  bordered  by  a  beau- 
tiful green,  reflected 
from  the  foliage  of  the 
hillside.  As  viewed  from 
the  elevated  veranda  of 
Marsh's  Swiss  Cottage, 
the  scene  is  beautiful 
beyond  description.  The 
hills  that  surround  the 
lake  are  verdant  with 
pine,  spruce,  maple,  bass- 
wood,  red  and  white  ce- 
dar; while  wheat  fields 

FROM  KENOSHA,  WIS.,  TO  ROCKFORD,' ILL. 

Running  across  the  northern  portion  of  the  State  of  Illinois  and  a  part  of  Wisconsin, 
is  a  line  of  railroad  owned  by  this  Company,  that  is  known  as  the  Kenosha  and  Rock- 
ford  Division.  It  is  40  miles  long,  and  runs  through  a  charming  farming  country.  It 
traverses  the  famous  dairy  district  of  Illinois,  and  its  trains  pass  within  a  short  distance 


116  THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED. 

of  many  beautiful  lakes,  full  of  fish,  and  surrounded  by  a  highly  cultivated  country. 
Leaving  Kcnosha,  we  successively  pass  PLEASANT  PRAIRIE,  WOODWORTII,  BRISTOL, 
SALEM,  Fox  RIVER,  BASSETTS,  GENOA  JUNCTION,  where  it  crosses  the  Fox  River  Di- 
vision, as  before  related  ;  HEBRON,  ALDEN,  HARVARD,  where  it  crosses  the  Wisconsin 
Division ;  CHEMTJNG,  CAPRON,  POPLAR  GROVE,  SOUTH  CALEDONIA,  where  it  crosses 
the  Madison  Division  ;  ARGYLE,  and  HARLEM,  and  reach  ROCKFORD  and  the  Freeport 
Line.  In  most  of  these  villages  are  cheese  and  butter  factories,  and  more  or  less  of  other 
manufactures.  Near  Fox  RIVER  are  Silver  and  Lily  lakes.  Wilmot  and  Munstcr  are 
tributary,  and  reached  by  stage.  Brighton  is  two  miles  from  Salem,  and  is  reached  by 
stage.  Twin  Lakes  are  one  and  a  half  miles  from  BASSETTS.  ALDEN  is  a  strict  tem- 
perance village,  of  200  people.  Parke  Corners  and  RtisscUville  are  tributary  to  CAPRON. 
A  Scotch  settlement  surrounds  ARGYLE,  which  was  named  for  the  Scotch  duke  of 
that  title.  Although  off  the  main  line  of  tourist  travel,  these  villages  are  well  worth  a 
visit.  They  are  mostly  inhabited  by  New  England  people,  and  would  strongly  remind 
the  Eastern  visitor  of  the  many  similar,  pleasant,  homelike,  quiet  villages  he  has  passed 
through  in  New  England. 

CONCLUDING  REMARKS. 

"We  have  traversed  with  you  the  country  along  and  tributary  to  most  of  the  lines  that 
together  make  up  this  great  railway  and  its  immediate  allies  and  feeders,  and  we  trust 
we  have  given  you  a  not  unfavorable  opinion  of  its  capabilities,  usefulness,  tay,  indis- 
pensability,  in  its  sphere,  as  one  of  the  great  roads  that  does  its  full  share  in  conduct- 
ing the  vast  transportation  interests  of  this  AVestern  Continent. 

After  digesting  the  foregoing  pages,  brimful  of  facts  as  they  are,  and  fully  grasping 
the  mileage  of  the  road,  the  country  that  it  covers,  and  the  vastness  of  its  resources, 
we  feel  sure  that  you  will  join  with  its  older  friends  in  desiring  its  future  prosperity, 
and  assisting  in  carrying  that  desire  into  fruition  by  lending  to  it  your  aid,  comfort, 
and  patronage. 

You  can  confidently  recommend  it  for  the  following  reasons  : 

1st.  Its  great  extent — its  own  lines  covering  important  parts  of  five  great  States 
and  one  Territory,  and  its  immediate  connections  covering  an  equally  large  area.  It 
can  carry  you  or  your  stores  to  a  larger  number  of  points  than  any  other  road  in  the 
country,  and  can  serve  you  better  on  the  journey  than  can  other  lines  where  you  have 
to  be  subjected  to  changes  of  cars,  changes  of  train  men,  and  changes  of  local  man- 
agement, ns  is  the  case  when  passing  over  many  short  lines  or  circuitous  routes. 

2nd.  Its  well-known  and  everywhere-acknowledged  excellence  as  regards  its 
superb  track,  its  safety  in  road  bed,  bridges,  and  everything  that  goes  together  to 
make  up  a  perfect  road ;  its  steel  rails,  full  complement  of  ties  to  the  mile,  rock 
and  gravel  ballast,  the  constant  vigilance  of  it?  employees,  the  courtesy  and  kindli- 
ness of  its  train  employees— all  tend  to  make  it  deserve  and  retain  its  good  name. 
Pass  along  its  main  lines  day  or  night,  and  especially  at  night,  in  fo<rs  and  storms, 
and  you  will  see,  of  its  army  of  15,000  employees,  ever-present  sentinels  watchful 
for  your  safety,  and  for  the  safety,  comfort  and  well-being  of  all  its  patrons.  On  no 
road  in  the  world  is  the  axiom,  "Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  safety,  more  fully 
believed  in  and  acted  upon  than  on  this. 

3rd.  In  the  excellence  of  its  steel  track,  perfect  equipment,  and  thoroughly  educated 
train  force,  positive  assurance  is  given  of  great  speed,  coupled  with  great  safety,  com- 
fort, and  cortainty  of  arriving  on  time  at  destination.  So  great  has  been  the  certainty  of 
trains  being  on  time,  that  along  its  lines  it  has  become  a  common  saying,  that  you  can 
set  your  watch  by  their  prompt  arrival  and  departure  at  given  points  as  per  the  time 
tables.  To  the  business  man,  or  to  him  who  has  to  make  certain  connections  at  junc- 
tion points,  the  promptness  of  moving  trains  is  of  great  importance,  and  on  no  road 
is  this  point  kept  more  in  view.  The  standing  orders  are,  first,  absolute  safety,  and 
second,  making  schedule  lime. 

4th.  Its  equipment  is  always  kept  abreast  with  the  improvements  and  inventions 
of  the  day.  For  comfort  its  day  coaches  are  unexcelled  anywhere,  and  but  seldom 
equaled.  Its  palace  drawing  room  sleeping  cars  are  the  best  in  every  sense  tlint  can 
be  procured  for  money,  anil  are  as  well  served  as  years  of  experience  have  dictated 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


117 


the  means  or  way.  Between  Chicago  and  several  of  its  terminal  stations,  it  is  tho 
only  road  that  runs  the  celebrated  Pullman  palace  drawing  room  sleeping  cars,  in 
which  women  and  children  can  have  a  room  to  themselves,  and  be  as  isolated  as  in 
their  homes.  This  is  the  case  on  its  lines  between  Chicago  and  Council  Bluffs, 
Chicago  and  St.  Paul,  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  Chicago  and  Freeport,  Chicago  and 
Dubuquc  and  McGregor,  Chicago  and  Madison,  Sparta  and  Winona,  and  Chicago  and 
Green  Bay  and  Marquctte.  No  matter  what  inferior  and  competing  lines  may  adver- 
tise, by  statements  expressly  prepared  to  deceive,  yet  this  fact  stands  unquestioned, 
none  of  them  control  or  run  them  on  their  lines. 

5th.  Miller's  Pa- 
tent Safety  Plat- 
form, Coupler  and 
Buffer,  are  consider- 
ed to  be  indispensa- 
ble to  the  safety  of 
the  trains  ou  this 
line.  The  Platform 
is  an  invention  which 
stiffens  the  platforms 
of  passenger  cars  so 
that  they  cannot  be 
doubled  up,  and 
forma  a  safe  path 
from  one  car  to  an- 
other. The  Coupler 
admits  of  cars  being 
firmly  and  quickly 
joined  together  with- 
out the  aid  of  pins 
or  links  or  any  of  the  i» 
old  appliances  which 
required  a  man  to 
place  himself  in  a 
dangerous  position 
whenever  a  coupling 
was  to  be  made. 
The  Buffer  is  a  con- 
trivance which  soft- 
ens the  shock  when 
cars  arc  joined  to- 
pclhcr  and  holds 
them  firmly  joined, 
so  that  the  engineer 
cannot  "get  tho 
slack"  or  "jerk" 
tlic  train  as  ho  can 
with  the  old  style  of 
coupling.  On  trains 
fitted  with  these  ap- 
pliances "  telescop- 
ing" i3  impossible. 
The  Wcstinghouso 
Air  Brake  with  which 
this  road  is  equip- 
ped, is  an  invention 
by  which  all  tho 
brakes  on  tho  train 

may  be  set  and  loosened  in  an  instant  by  tho  hand  of  the  engineer.  A  email  n5r 
pump  on  the  engine  keeps  constantly  tilled  with  compressed  uir  a  cylinder  (also 
on  the  engine),  from  which  cylinder  run  flexible  tubes  connecting  with  a  smaller 
cylinder  under  each  car,  in  which  a  piston  is  lilted  which  connects  directly  with  the 
crakes.  With  the  aid  of  this  invention  the  engineer  can  stop  a  train  so  sudden'y  that 
collisions  arc  almost  impossible.  On  this  road  heavy  safely  clrniis  nre  placed  in  pairs 
between  the  c:iis,  and  between  the  body  and  trucks  of  each  car;  the  former  to  keep 
the  train  together  in  case  anything  shou  d  happen  to  the  coupler;  thclattcr  to  prevent 


118 


THE  NORTH   AND   WKST  II/LUSTUATED. 


the  car  from  leaving  the  trucks  in  case  the  latter  are  off  the  track.  The  "Angle  Bar 
Joint"  adopted  by  this  road  is  the  latest  and  best  known  invention  for  joining  together 
the  ends  of  the  rails,  so  that  that  they  may  be  passed  over  as  smoothly  as  any  other  part 
of  the  rail.  It  is  a  very  expensive  joint,  but  it  is  the  BEST,  and  this  road  spares  no 
expense  that  is  necessary  to  procure  the  best  of  everything.  Many  other  appliances 
looking  towards  the  safety  of  its  trains  or  the  comfort  of  its  patrons,  are  in  daily  use 
on  the  various  lines  of  this  road. 

6th.    The  almost  ubiquity  of  its   agents — general,  local,  or  traveling — makes  it 
extremely  easy  to  get  any  information  about  its  trains,  its  running  time,  the  places  it 

reaches,  etc.,  etc. 
This  is  of  no  little 
importance  to  the 
traveler  in  astrange 
country,  or  to  the 
one  expecting  to 
travel  into  an  un- 
familiar .  locality. 
Ask  almost  any  of 
the  many  thousands 
of  railway  ticket 
agents  in  the  land 
for  tickets  via  this 
road,  and  he  will 
supply  you,  and 
give  you  valuable 
information.  Ask 
for  its  advertising 
maps,  time  cards, 
pamphlets  or  books 
and  you  can  get, 
freely  and  without 
cost,  stores  of  facts 
that  may  be  of  great 
value  to  you.  To 
those  persons  who 
are  -anticipating  a 
trip  overland  from 
the  Atlantic  or  the 
interior  to  the  Pa, 
cine,  or  vice  versa, 
and  to  those  expect- 
ing to  pass  between 
Chicago  and  St. 
Paul,  in  either  di- 
rection, we  would 
especially  com- 
mend the  routes 
owned  by  this  Com- 
pany. With  the 
shortest  lines,  the 
best  equipment,  the 
most  perfect  track 
of  steel  rails,  and 
the  beauty  of  the 
country  they  pass 
through  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  any  other  route,  it  is  acknowledged  that  this  stands  head  and 
shoulders  above  them  all.  On  the  map  attached  to  this  little  book  will  be  found  full 
and  elaborate  time  cards  of  most  of  the  lines  controlled  by  this  corporation.  The 
"time"  there  given  is  correct  at  the  printing  of  these  pages,  but  is  liable  to  be 
changed  at  any  time,  and  is  now  given  only  to  show  the  present  time  that  is  made 
between  the  points  named.  Correct  time  cards  are  issued  monthly  or  oftener. 


THE  CHICAGO  &  NORTH-WESTERN  RAILWAY. 


1  10 


RATES  OF  FARE  BY  THIS  LINE. 

The  rates  of  fare  charged  by  or  over  this  line  for  the  transportation  of  passengers 
are  and  always  will  be  as  low  as  those  given  by  any  other  line  to  the  same  points.  On 
first  class,  second  class,  or  emigrant  tickets,  this  is  true,  as  well  as  with  prices  charged 
for  uny  cars  that  may  be  chartered  for  the  transportation  of  passengers.  Between 
loc;il  stations  of  this  line,  as  a  rule,  the  following  rates  are  charged  per  mile  traveled  : 
In  Illinois,  3£  cents;  in  Iowa,  3  cents;  in  Wisconsin,  4  cents;  in  Minnesota  and 
Dakota,  4  cents  ;  and  on  the  line  of  the  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  4  cents.  To 
the  more  prominent  through  points,  the  present  (April  1st,  1878  )  rates  from  Chicago 
are  as  follows : 


FROM  CHICAGO  TO 

FtnsT 
CLASS. 

SECOND 
CLASS. 

EMI- 
GRANT. 

FROM  CHICAGO  TO 

FIRST 
CLASS. 

SECOND 
CLASS. 

EMI 

GRANT. 

Ackley,  Iowa  
Albany,  Oregon  

$  10.40 
145  00 

$   8  75 
117  00 

71  50 

Milwaukee,  Wia      . 
Mankato,  Minn. 

$   3  00 

16  30 

$   2  50 
12  20 

$ 

Albert  Lea,  Minn     .     . 

13  00 

11  25 

Marqxiette,  Mich. 

15  10 

11  55 

Austin,  Nev  

127  50 

104  50 

7200 

Marysville,  Cal  .     . 

116  00 

88  00 

55  50 

Austin,  Minn  

12  85 

10  20 

Mason  City,  Iowa. 

11  95 

10  95 

Battle  Mountain,   Nev. 

111.00 

88  00 

55.60 

Menasha,    Wis.  .   . 

6  75 

6  25 

Black  Hnwk,  Col.    .... 

63  75 

45  75 

35  75 

Mineral  Point.  Wis 

6  55 

6  05 

Blair    Neb          

15  60 

13.  SO 

Minneapolis.  Minn. 

15  f.O 

11  25 

Boise  City,  Idaho..  . 

135.50 

121  50 

90'50 

Moorhead,  Minn 

27  50 

21  40 

Carson,  Nev  

117  00 

91  00 

5S.50 

Negannee,  Mich 

14  55 

11  00 

Central  City,  Col  

64.00 

46  00 

36.00 

New  London,  Wis.. 

7  70 

7  20 

Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa  .  . 

7  40 

7.00 

New  Ulm,  Minn  

17  70 

13  60 

Cheyenne,  Wyo  '    .... 

47  00 

37  00 

North  Pl-itte,  Neb 

'  30  55 

27  55 

Colfax,  Cal  

115  00 

88  00 

55.50 

Ogden,  Utah.  

93  "lO 

73  00 

5300 

Colorado  Springs,  Col. 

EO  90 

43.00 

33  00 

Omaha,  Neb      .   ... 

16  00 

13  00 

Corinnc,  Utah  

95.25 

74.75 

54.75 

Owatonna,  Minn 

14  50 

10  40 

Council  Bl,.;i's,   Iowa 

15  50 

12  50 

Palisade,-  Nev.  .  .    . 

111  00 

88  00 

55  50 

Deadwood,  Dakota.  .  . 

49  25 

20'66 

Portl'd,Or..viaSanFr. 

141  00 

113  00 

67  50 

Denver,  Col  

50  90 

43.00 

33  00 

"        via  Reddinp 

1:9  oo 

131  00 

93  50 

Detroit,  Minn. 

26  50 

22  25 

Prairie  dn  Chien,Wis 

8  75 

7  50 

DesMoines,  Iowa. 

11  20 

10  7» 

Pueblo.  Col  

50  <'0 

43  00 

33  00 

Duluth,  Minn     

21  50 

17  25 

Reno,  Nev  .... 

114  00 

-  t8  00 

55  50 

Dnbuque    Iowa    .  .   . 

7  25 

5  75 

Ripon,  Wis  

5  85 

5  35 

Elko  Nev  

110  35 

88  00 

55  50 

Sacramento,  Cal. 

116  00 

88  00 

55.50 

Elk  Point,  Dakota      .  . 

17.50 

14  25 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  . 

116  00 

8-t  00 

55  50 

Evans,  Col  

55  60 

46  20 

Salem,  Oregon    .   . 

144  00 

116  00 

70  50 

Fort  Podge,  Iowa  

12  20 

11.50 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 

95  50 

75  (0 

55.00 

Fort  Garry,  Manitoba. 

40  75 

26  00 

Sioux  City,  Iowa    . 

16  25 

13  00 

Fremont,  Neb  

16.80 

14.50 

Sheboygan,  Wis     .  .  . 

5  00 

4  50 

Galena    111     .     .   .    .-  . 

6  30 

5  25 

Sparta,   Wis    ..     .. 

9  20 

8  50 

Golden  City,  Col  

50  90 

43  00 

33  00 

St.  Cloud.  Minn.   . 

18.80 

14  55 

Grand  Island,  Neb.     . 

23  70 

20  70 

Stevens'  Point,  Wis. 

9  25 

8  75 

•Greeley,  Col     

56  00 

46  60 

33  00 

Stockton,  Cal 

116  00 

88  00 

55'BO 

Hclcn-i,  Montana.   .  . 

121  00 

103  OD 

58.00 

San  Jose,  Cal  

116  00 

88  00 

55.50 

Hancock,  Mich  

18.10 

14  55 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

15  25 

11  00 

Honuhton,  Mich  

•  18  10 

14.55 

St.  Peter,  Minn 

16  TO 

12  40 

Idaho  Sp-ings,  Col.    .. 

54  00 

I'.  00 

36  00 

Trnckee,  Cal.     ... 

115  00 

88  00 

55  50 

Upeming.  Mich  .. 

14  6"> 

It  10 

Umatilla,  Ore  

241  00 

126.50 

90.50 

Kearney  Junction,  Neb. 

25  80 

22  80 

Virginia  City,   Mont. 

121.00 

103  00 

58  00 

Kelton,  Utah  

101  00 

80  50 

55"  50 

Virginia  City,  Nev  . 

117  TO 

91  50 

59  00 

La  Crosre,  Wis 

10  25 

8  50 

Wuila  Walla.  W.  T.  . 

141.00 

126  50 

90.50 

L'Anse,  Mich  

16.60 

13:05 

\Vntcrloo,  Iowa.   .... 

9  20 

7  75 

Lincoln,  Neb.        .     .  . 

18  75 

15.75 

Winona,  Minn. 

11  3") 

9  50 

McGregor,  Iowa.    .    .. 

8  75 

7.60 

Wisner,  Neb  

19  35 

17  05 

Madison.  Wis.     . 

4  90 

4  40 

Yankton,  Dak  . 

19  90 

16  65 

To  points  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  and  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
way in  Nebraska,  Round  Trip  Land  Explorers'  Tickets  are  sold  from  Chicago  at  two 
>(2)  cents  per  mile  each  way,  or  two  and  a  half  (2J)  cents  westward  only. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  GAME  LAWS. 

In  Effect  August,  1877. 

The  following  table  gives  the  time  when  it  is  lawful  to  shoot  game  or  to  take  fish 
in  the  States  this  line  of  road  runs  through  or  is  tributary  to  : 

COLORADO. 

Quail,  or  Virginia  Partridge October  1st  to  November  15th. 

Prairie  Chickens  October  1st  to  November  15th. 

Wild  Turkeys  and  Mountain  01*01186 October  1*t  to  November  15th. 

t3oose,  Duck,  Curlew,  Snipe  and  Plover ..May  15th  to  August  15th. 

Elk.  Deer,  Antelope  and  Mountain  Sheep September  1st  to  January  1st 


120  THE  NORTH  AND  WEST  ILLUSTRATED 

SYNOPSIS    OF    GAME    LAWS— continued. 

MICHIGAN. 

Elk.Bnck.  Hoe  or  Fawn  ...   Ausrnst  1st  to  December  15th. 

Wild  Turkeys October  l*t  to  December  Slat. 

Woodcock July  5th  to  December  31st. 

Prairie  Chickens.  Ruffled  Grouse.  Pinnated  Grouse,  Partridge,  Pheasant. 

Wood,  Tcul  ami  MallaiM  Ducks,  or  any  Water  Fowl       September  1st  1o  December  31st 

Quail,  or  Virginia  I'artridae      October  1st  to  December  31st 

Picons,  nor,  within  five  miles  of  nesting  grounds At  any  time 

Speckled  Trout .May  1st  to  September  1st. 

Grayling ..June  1st  to  November  1st. 

In  Diamond  and  Stone  lakes,  fish  may  be  taken  only  from  May  1st  to  November  1st. 

CALIFORNIA 

Partridge  Quails,  Grouse  and  Duck* September  15th  to  March  15th 

Do°  do.  m  Sail  Bernardino and  Los  Angeles  counties.  April  1st  to  Ausrust  liK. 

Elk,  Deer  and  Antelope  ....  .  .Sept  mber  1st  to  January  1st. 

Do.  do  in  Eldorado.  Placer,  Sierra  and  Siskiyou  counties,  August  1st  to  February  1st. 

Several  other  counties  have  special  game  laws. 

IOWA. 

Grouse,  or  Prairie  Chickens. .- September  15th  to  December  1st 

Woodcock  ••   •'• July  10m  to  January  1st 

Ruffled  Grouse,  Wild  Turkey,  Pheasant,  or  Quail  .  ...   ... .October  1st  to  January  1st 

Wild  Duck,  Goose,  or. Urant     August  15th  to  May  1st 

Rear   Elk  or  Fawn      •>      September  1*1  to  January  1st  • 

Bcftver,  Mink,  Otrer,  or  Muskrat  . November  1st  to  April  1st,, 

None  of  the  ab'ive  can  be  i rapped  or  causht  at  any  time. 

Tne  law  prohibits  catching  or  kil  ing  any  fish,  of  whatever  kind,  in  the  waters  of  this  State,  excep! 
private  waters,  between  March  li-t  and  June  1'th.  Brook  Trout  excepted.  The  Closed  season  for 
Jirook  Trout  und  Salmon  is  November  1st  to  February  1st.  The  penalty  is,  #10  for  each  fish  found  iiy 
p>vKCS4ion  No  person  can  use  anv  peine.  net.  trot-line,  ont-linp,  or  spear,  or  fish-dam,  to  catch  fish 
The  peualty  is  $25  for  a  violation  of  the  law  (L-.iw  of  March,  1S78  ) 

OREGON 

Deor   Elk,  Moo<=c July  1st  to  January  31st. 

\ViM  Sw.m,  iind  all  kinds  of  Ducks ...  Jn:y  31st  10  Mnreii  31st. 

Gronse,  Pheasant  and  Sage  Hen    .  ..    .  June  15lh  to  March  81»t. 

Quail,  or  Parti -idge.  July  31st  to  March  31st 

ILLINOIS. 
Deer    Wild  Turkey.   Prairie  Chickens,  Ruffled  Grouse,   Partridge,  or 

I'hearant       . ..         •          ...  •         •       •          •       .September  1st  to  January  15th. 

Quail  .       -       .   November  1st  to  February  1st. 

\\oodcock.  ....  •  •   .September  1st  to  January  15tn. 

Wild  Duck,  Goose,  Wilson  Snipe,  Brant,  and  other  Water  Fowl  .August  15th  to  May  1st 

NEVADA. 

Grouse.  Sage  Chickens,  Prairie  Chickens,  Partridge,  Pheasant  Wood 
cock  Wild  Goose,  Teal  or  other  Ducks,  Brant,  Swan,  Sand  Hill 
Crane,  Plover  Snipe,  Curlew  a'id  Binern  •  September  1't  to  April  1st. 

Deer,  Antelope,  Elk,  Mountain  Sheep  and  Mountain  Goat •       .  .July  1st  to  January  let. 

NEBRASKA. 

Buffalo  Elk.  Mountain  Sheep.  Deer  and  Antelope    .    .........'  . .  October  1st  to  January  1st. 

Grouse,  Wild  Turkey  and  Quail At  no  time. 

MINNESOTA. 

Woodcock • ••••  July  3rd  to  October  31st. 

PraTieCmckcns  and  Grouse.. ..August  14th  to  October  31st. 

Quiil    or  Parttid"e      ••••   •   •   •    •- September  1st  to  October  31st. 

Ruffled  Grouse  or  Pheasant ..     September  1st  to  November  30th. 

Deer -ind  Klk  November  let  to  December  lain 

Speckled  Trout. .....'.'. -April  1st  to  September  3.Ah. 

WISCONSIN. 

Woodcock July  4th  to  November  15th 

Pr  ,ine  Chickens,  or  Grouce  . A  gust  1 5th  to  .November  15th 

On  nl  Untiled  Grouse  and  Pheasant • Sep.ember  lath  to  January  i>t. 

j5ur;kg September  l*t  to  February  1st. 

j)t.c,r     '  ...       .   .  September  15th  to  December  loth. 

In  Fan  Claire  Chippcwn,  Dunn,  Pepin.  Buffalo  nnd  Trempealeau  counties,  1'raine  Chickens  and  1'art 
ridges  may  be  killed  from  August  10th  to  November  15th. 

DAKOTA. 

The  Gnmc  law  says,  that  it  Fhall  be  unlawful  forsiny  person,  except  on  his  own  premises,  and  for  his 
own  use,  and  not  for  sale,  trade  or  tralHc  to  kill,  ensnare,  or  trap,  or  in  any  way  or  manner  de-troy 
or  pursue  with  such  intent,  any  Quail,  Prairie  Chicken,  or  Grouse,  between  the  1st  day  of  March  and 
the  1st  day  ol'  August,  in  eacu  and  evcrj  year, 


THE    CHICAGO    &    NORTH-WESTERN    RAILWAY 

Kmbraces^^^^ 

Chicago  and  all  point.*  in  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Xortlie rn  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Iowa,  Nebraska, 
California,  Oregon,  China,  Japan,  Australia,  and  the  Western  Territories. 

Minneapolis.  Winpna.  Ishpeniing,  Stevens' Point. 


San  Francisco 


penver. 


Sacramento  'Omaha,  Cedar  Rapids.  Negaunee,  Oshkosh, 

Coun 


Ozden  Council  Blufls  Dubnque;  Duluth,  Kscanaba,  Madison, 

Salt  L;ike  City.          Yanktou.  LaCrosse,  Marquette.  Green  Bay,  Milwaukee, 

Cheyenne.     "  Sioux  City.  Prairie  du  Chlen,         L'Anse,  Menusha,  Fort  Garry, 

Are  all  on  the  line  of  this  great  road,  or  are  reached  by  this  direct  route,  and  its  Immediate  connections. 


On  tht  arrival  of  trains  from  the  East  or  South,  the  trains  of  the  Chicago  A  North -Western  Railway  leave  CHICAGO  as  follows  : 

For  Dubnque,  rla  Freeport.  Two  trains  daily,  with  Pullman  Palace  Sleep- 
lug  Cars  on  night  trains. 

For  Dubuque  and  La  Crosse,  via  Clinton.  Two  trains  dally,  with  Pullman 
Palace  Sleeping  Can  on  night  tram  to  McGregor,  Iowa. 

For  Sioux  City  and  Vankton.  Two  trains  dally.  Pullman  Palace  Sleeping 
Cars  to  Missouri  Valley  Junction. 

For  Lake  Geneva.    Four  trains  dally. 

For  Rockford,  Kenoiba,  Sterling,  Janesville  and  other  points,  you  can 
have  from  two  to  ten  trains  dally. 


For  Council  Bluffs,  Omaha,  Denver  and  California.    Two  through   trains 

daily.     Pullman  Hotel  and  Sleeping  Car*  through  to  Council  Blufls. 
i  ForSt  Paul  ami  Minneapolis.    Two  through  trains  daily,  with  Pullman 

Palace  Can  attached  on  both  trains. 
For  Green  Bay  and  Lake  Superior.    Two  trains  dally,  with  Pullman  Palace 

Cars  attached. 
For  Milwaukee.     Four  through  trains  daily  except  Sunday.    On  Sunday, 

two  trains.     Pullman  Can  on  night  trains.    Parlor  Can  on  day  trains. 
For  Wmona  and  points  in  Minnesota.    Two  trains  dally.    Pullman  Palace 

Sleeping  Can  to  Winona  and  New  L'lm. 


PULLMAN  HOTEL  CARS 

ARE  KTTN  ONLY  WEST  OF  CHICAGO  BY  THE 


THEY    RUN    DAILY    BETWEEN 


CHICAGO  AND  COUNCIL  BLUFFS. 

On  this  Line   you  take   your    Hotel   along  with   you,  and   can   enjoy  all   the    luxu 

of  the  season   while  traveling 

FORTY   MILES    AN   HOUR 

Id*- Over   the    Smoothest    and    Best   Track   there    is    in   the  West. 


2  .35  S3  "2  1"t<?rlor  »f  Pullman  Hotel  Car.     The  Chicago  A  North- Western  ^  —  c   &  °   -• 

K  >  *"j    <j  a  —            Itnllway  !•  the  only  rnad  that  runs  Pullman  or  »iny  other  rfl  ft   it-  ~ 

F  |  S3                                       form  of  Hotel,  Dining  or  Refttaurnnt  Cur  TIlliOrGH                                         —  £t  E 

C  '.SO  O                          between    Chicago    and   the    Mliwourl    River.  7*  JS  g.^5   »  o 

BEAR    IDT    IVIIlSrD  ! 

NO  other  Road  runs  Pullman  Hotel  Cars,  Pullman  Dining  Cars,  or  any  other  form  of  Hotel, 
Dining  or  Restaurant  Cars  THROUGH  between  Chicago  and  the  Missouri  River.  On 
no  other  road  can  you  get  all  the  meals  you  require  between  Chicago  and  Omaha  without 
leaving  the  car  you  start  in.  This  is  the  only  line  that  has  THROUGH  eating  cars  of  any 
sort.  The  charges  for  berths  in  these  elegant  moving  Hotels  are  the  same  as  in  any  other 
Pullman  Sleeping  Car.  For  meals  you  are  charged  only  for  what  you  order,  and  their  charges 
are  very  reasonable. 
MARVIN  HUGHITT,  W.  A.  THRALL,  W.  H.  STENNETT, 

General  Manager.  Chicago. Qen'l  Ticket  Agent,  Chicago.  Oen'l  Pass.  Agent,  Chicago. 

Rand,  McMmlly  4  Co.,  Printer,  and  Engraver.,  77  »ud  7n  MadUon  btreet,  Chicago. 


